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The "Elgin Marbles": Greek Property in British Museums, 2003.
An examination of the "Elgin Marbles", ancient Parthenon figures that were claimed by British archaeologists in the 18th century during Greek civil strife, and the debate over whether or not they should be returned to Greece.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy that exists over the "Elgin Marbles", which were originally part of the Greek Parthenon's frieze, that were taken by Lord Elgin of England in the late 18th century. The paper takes the position that the statues and other artifacts which currently are housed in English museums, are the rightful property of the Greek people and should be returned to Greece. The paper is divided into several sections. The first gives a history of the Elgin Marbles and how they came into possession of the English in the first place. A brief history of the Parthenon is also given in this section, with a detailed examination of the architecture and the ancient politics that surrounded its construction. The paper then spans the history of the Parthenon up until the 18th century, including the building losing its roof and several architectural designs due to the Ottoman Turks using it as an armory during their control of Greece. The paper discusses how British archaeologists claimed the pieces in the 1800s, fearful that the Greeks could not maintain such classical pieces of work. The paper ends with a section discussing the latest improvements that are underway in Greece to house the "Elgin Marbles" if an international agreement can be reached that will send the pieces of the Parthenon back to Athens. The concept of Greek pride and honor in their ancient ancestry is discussed and how originally, when Greece was unable to maintain such pieces, the idea to keep them in England was the correct decision to be made.
From the Paper
"The mere thought of The Parthenon evokes an image of dignity and pride for not only the current Greek citizens who look upon their ancient ancestors with honor, but for the entirety of Western civilization who view The Parthenon as a representation of the greatness that can be achieved by Western culture. Using this Western concept of pride as a basis, it is clear to see why the British government has its roots in claiming that the treasures of the Parthenon would be better served in a more upscale environment such as The British Museum rather then an unfinished Acropolis museum in Athens. Nevertheless, the removal of The Parthenon artifacts, which are known as The Elgin Marbles since the works of art were "purchased" by the English noble Lord Thomas Bruce of Elgin in 1801, was in essence an infraction upon the Greek populace's right to their ancestors' culture. In large part due to the importance of The Parthenon and the culture that it represents to Greece, the rightful place of the Elgin Marbles is in Athens where the pieces of architecture were always intended to remain when they were completed. "
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The Elgin Marbles, 2007.
A debate on the exhibition of the Elgin Marbles in the British Museum.
1,010 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses exhibitions in the British Museum. Specifically, it focuses on the debate surrounding the Elgin Marbles. The paper offers an objective exploration on why these sculptures should remain in the museum.
From the Paper
"It is clear the Elgin Marbles are incredible works of art, and they deserve to be seen by the greatest number of people possible. Personally, I did not know of this controversy regarding the marbles, and reading about it gave me a clearer understanding of ancient artifacts and their ownership and display. While I can certainly understand why Greece would like the artifacts back, it seems that if that occurred, it would simply open up an assortment of problems for every museum in the world. Where did their displays come from, and who owns them now? If one country can reclaim treasures, then what would stop other countries from doing the same thing? It seems that museums are the best place for these artifacts, because they take care of them, they allow the public to view them, and they protect them. I am not so sure that would happen with many of the artifacts if they were returned to their native countries."
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Locke And Hobbes On Property - A Natural Right?, 2002.
This paper discusses property as discussed by John Locke and Thomas Hobbes.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
It focuses mainly on the latter's views, but uses Hobbes as a point of comparison. In his "Two Treatises of Government" (1690), Locke sets forth a view that the state exists to preserve national rights of citizens. This was significant in his views on property, as we will see. Property is inherently the joining of the earth - which is common to all men - and the application of one's body - or his/her labor. The fruit of that union is considered property by Locke, who goes onto argue that property was, therefore, a natural right. Hobbes, on the other hand, argued that property was the effect of the commonwealth, which exists only through civil laws given by the sovereign. This essay will argue that Locke's account of the methods of and limits of property acquisition in the state of nature differ from those of Hobbes. Locke argued that property was a natural right; Hobbes did not.
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The Origins and Consequences of Private Property, 2001.
This paper is a comparison and contrasting of Locke and Rousseau's ideas on how private property came about.
2,375 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the different philosophies of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke with regards to the origination of the concept of private property. The author discusses how the philosophers differed in terms of defining human nature. The paper explores Locke's "Second Treatise of Government" and Rousseau's "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality".
From the Paper:
"In John Locke's book, "Second Treatise of Government," Locke sketches out a brief history of man in the state of nature and his progression from simple land dweller to land owner. In this description, Locke explains how the concept of property is necessary to human preservation and that property becomes property by having applied work, or effort upon an object. Locke explains that every man has property in his own person, and that nobody has any right to that property but that person."
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Real and Intellectual Property Law Briefs, 2006.
A case study reviewing a real property case and an intellectual property case.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay contains two case briefs, one for a real property case and one for an intellectual property case. Furthermore it answers six questions which the customer wanted included. The questions deal with real and intellectual property law.
From the Paper
"Facts: The city of New London, Connecticut was in need of economic revitalization so when the Pfizer corporation began to construct a new facility on the outskirts of a residential neighborhood, the city reactivated "the New London Development Corporation, a private entity under the control of the city government, to consider plans to redevelop the Fort Trumbull neighborhood and encourage new economic activities that might be brought by the Pfizer plant" (Kelo, 2006, p. 3). The corporation came up with a development plan which the city approved. The corporation offered to purchase the lots of Fort Trumbull which it would need, however some owners of the properties did not wish to sell."
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Aristotle and Property Rights, 2004.
Examines the views of Greek philosopher, Aristotle, on property rights as outlined in his book, "The Politics".
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This essay first gives an explanation of Aristotle?s views on private property. This includes the different types of property ownership and use combinations. The type Aristotle prefers is shown, accompanied by reasons explaining his preference. Following this is an examination of the writings of contemporary critics on the matter Aristotle?s defence of his opinions on property, as well as the citizens these concepts concern, and finally, the idea of moral education to be used in indoctrinating his citizens. This essay then concludes with a critical analysis of the writings of Aristotle and his critics.
From the Paper
"There would probably be less overall disputes between citizens if everyone owned their property. There, however, would be disagreements involving each individual?s land (e.g.: disputes over trespassing, boundaries, and access to water or roads) that would not be found in a communal setting. Miller is correct, in theory, that arguments among friends will be avoided if one has the ability to decide how the property will be used. An arbitrator with sufficient decisive power would quickly put an end to all disputes. However, the one who decides is privy to bias or corruption, which could result in the usage of the property being unfairly distributed."
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The United Kingdom Property Market, 2004.
An analysis of the property market trends in the United Kingdom.
11,806 words (approx. 47.2 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 229.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the current trends in the British property market. The paper examines the possible contributors to the problems evident in the market, including governmental, business and even societal factors. It does this by searching the business and consumer press to elicit insights into the operative factors affecting the property market in the U.K. at present. The paper then assesses the marketing strategies used or proposed for property or other similar service industries to arrive at two conclusions: The probable shape of the property market vis-a-vis letting agents in the near and medium terms and the probable best marketing strategies for success in those markets.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Current Influences on UK Property Market
The State of Commercial Properties
Possible Aftermath of Government Actions
Causes of Boom, Bust and Static Property Markets
Approaching Marketing from the Product Development Level
Literature Review
Housing Per Se
Property Marketing
Interviews
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The past several years have seen a booming property market in the UK, with some interesting effects on the rental market. An unusually large number of upscale young people comprised a new segment of the rental market as they found themselves priced out of ownership. These would-be UK buyers have tended to buy where it was affordable to do so, and rent back home. It is possible, however, that in the predicted near-term economic correction, a sort of entry to a new level of stasis, that this trend may also level off, or even disappear. However, that is not certain: it may be that the correction, due to other market forces either cultural or generational, will help things remain, in rental housing, much as they were in 2001 through 2004. On the other hand, virtually all economists predict a trend change in 2005, so it would be wise for rental agents to be aware of the shape of that trend change, and to have at hand the tools and skills needed to surmount whatever changes occur."
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Intellectual Property.
This paper discusses intellectual property and its protection.
3,465 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, based on the U.S. Constitution, intellectual property law protects under six categories, including 1) copyright, 2) patent, 3) trademark, 4) trade secret, 5) misappropriation of information at state levels, and 6) semiconductor chip protection at the federal level. The author points out that the concept of intellectual property originated in Venice, where the government granted some form of exclusive rights to the respective inventors in the 15th century. Copyright laws have existed in the United States since the late 18th century, but it was only in the beginning of the 20th century that Congress realized the importance of revising the laws. The paper relates that an effective knowledge management system allows a business to effortlessly keep track of innovation in its earliest research and development stage, allowing the company's upper hierarchy to identify innovation and maintain its confidentiality.
Table of Contents
Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property Violations
Protection of Intellectual Property
Knowledge Management System
Patent
Trademark
Trade Secrets
Copyrights
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Intellectual property is an important asset for a company. According to Su (2000) "Intellectual property rights are defined as governmental protection of private innovations and creativity." Every company has to fight to retain and protect its intellectual property. Intellectual Property is hypothetically a reference to the creation of the mind. It is an intangible piece of property that solely belongs to the company that developed it. They have the legal right to own it as a lot of time and resources have been spent developing it. Intellectual property can be anything like copyrighted work, patented invention or a trademark."
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John Locke and Private Property, 2002.
Examines the views of philosopher John Locke on the subject of property.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
John Locke wrote at a time of social unrest and questioning, at a time when the long-standing sovereignty of kings as ordained by God was being questioned. Locke did not see the power of kings as derived from the will of God but rather as developing as the result of some social condition. The paper shows that Locke asked first what state man would be in if there were no government and he found that human beings originated in the state of nature, the state that existed before human beings came together to form a society and a government. It shows that Locke saw this state of nature as placing the individual into a state of perfect freedom, with no necessity to ask any other person before determining his or her own actions or disposing of their own property. Property was an essential element in Locke's thinking, with the relationship of the individual to his property as being of paramount importance. The paper shows that the ownership of property was seen as a fundamental right, meaning that it was a right born in the state of nature. For Locke, the defense of individual liberty is inseparable from the defense of private property.
From the Paper
"The individual in society does not have absolute freedom, showing that something has been lost from the state of nature. Locke sees human beings as having agreed to give up certain rights and powers through some form of agreement. Society is thus formed when men cede certain powers to a central authority. Private property rights are to be protected by this state that has been created--human beings have given up certain rights in order to assure the protection of their property from the depredations of others. Locke traces the concept of private property from the time when God gave the world to Adam and his posterity. Locke sees political power as being "for the regulating and preserving of property" (Locke 4), among other things."
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Intellectual Property Rights, 2006.
An overview of intellectual property rights and how they affect businesses.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
Several countries, while ratifying the agreement with regard to establishment of the World Trade Organization, also ratified the inherent Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. The paper shows that intellectual property rights can conveniently be divided into two main fields - copyrights (or rights related to copyright) and industrial policy. The paper explains that the safeguard of intellectual property is considered as a crucial factor for economic growth and advancement in the high technology sector; they are beneficial to business and assist the public as a whole. The paper shows, however, that several problems arise from the enforcement of intellectual property rights particularly with regards to ownership of information. These include copyrights, patents, trademarks, trade secrets, design rights and plant breeders' rights for which an alternative has to be found.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Intellectual Property Rights
What are Intellectual Property Rights?
What National and Global Directives Govern their Enforcement?
What are the Implications for Business?
What Can/Should be Done?
References
From the Paper
"The intellectual property rights have been guaranteed by law and can conveniently be transferred, sold, authorized for rent and in some nations even mortgaged, in much the same way as physical property particularly real property. However, the rights have some confinements incorporating the limitations and other considerations of issues like their contradiction with the fundamental rights and the codified provisions in force. The legal issues involving intellectual property rights have two dimensions."
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Microeconomics and the Property Market, 2008.
An analysis of microeconomics and property rights and how the two relate to each other in today's housing market.
1,622 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses microeconomics as it relates to the property market, particularly in the realm of property ownership. The paper begins by defining microeconomics and property rights individually and then relates the two to each other. The paper then identifies constraints in housing market behavior and looks specifically at the housing market situation today in the United States.
Table of Contents:
Property Rights Overview
Microeconomics Overview
Microeconomic Aspects Of Property Ownership
Constraints In Housing Market Behavior Identified
Microeconomics In Today's Housing Market
From the Paper
"Other factors include falling housing prices which are noted by Barber to have been "falling at a 16 percent annual rate..." and as well Barber relates that these prices are expected to continue their decline meaning that "homeowners will build little or not equity throughout he duration of plans like this...the study shows that under these plans, homeowners will get to keep their house, but will be paying 85 percent more than if they rented a similar property." (Barber, 2008) The potential for equity being accrued in the home with falling prices and subprime rates and ARMS with variable interest in the terms of the mortgage. The problem is that a likelihood exists that taxpayers will pay approximately $75,000 for "each homeowners who stays in their home." (Barber, 2008) Barber indicates that "particularly problematic" are the decline in prices in the housing market."
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Property Tax, 2007.
This paper explores the issues pertaining to property tax in Canada.
2,137 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that, in Canada, taxes are higher across the board than in many other developed markets, thus property tax issues are especially problematic. The paper explains how property tax is calculated and why property taxes are continually under attack from various public and private entities. The paper discusses areas that a tax authority or municipality can consider for reform and maintains that the methodology behind property tax determination is a process that should be under constant official scrutiny in order to create not only consistency but faith in the system.
Outline:
Introduction
Property Assessment
Assessment Characteristics
Local Perspectives
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Property tax in general, no matter the market, is generally a contentious issue. However, in Canada, where taxes average higher across the board than in many other developed markets, they are especially problematic. In Canada, property taxes are usually determined by two factors: 1) an overall tax rate which is determined by the local taxing authorities or the local municipal governments within the Provinces, and 2) a property's given value which is assessed by the local municipal assessing agency ("Property" a). The fact remains that property tax no matter how contentious is still Canada's primary source of local and provincial revenues. Statistics Canada reports that as recently as 2003 property taxes constituted 35% of local municipality revenues in all provinces ("Property" b). Yet, this burden on the average citizen appears to be on the increase rather than the decrease and there is much speculation as to how the Canadian economy can continue to expand in such a heavily taxed environment."
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Intellectual Property in Oral and Literate Cultures, 2001.
Why intellectual property rights exist in literate cultures and do not exist in oral culture.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This essay is an in-depth analysis of intellectual property law in an historical context. The specific history can be divided into two periods of cultural development, orality and literacy. The concept of intellectual property (individual ownership of creative work) was not present in oral cultures, but it is enshrined in law in literate cultures. This essay draws on the works of communications scholars like Walter Ong and Dan Lacy in order to establish these facts, and then proceeds to analyze them using one of Marshall McCluhan?s most famous insights, that ?the medium is the message.? What this essay shows is that the medium of information preservation in oral cultures is fundamentally different than that of literate cultures. One medium supports the concept of intellectual property, and one does not. In other words, the medium determines the morals of the time. What is considered theft in literate culture is just sharing in oral culture. This examination of intellectual property in historical context is especially relevant today, with the current legal disputes over intellectual property in the music industry.
From the Paper
"At this moment in 2001, intellectual property is a hot topic. The right to own an idea is being debated in fields as disparate as medicine and the music industry. In historical context, however, intellectual property is a relatively new concept. The first modern copyright law only emerged in 1710 and the People?s Republic of China did not have a copyright system until 1991. In contrast, the first known cave painting dates to 31,000 BC. Humans have been creating for thousands of years, but those expressions were only defined as personal property quite recently. The exact moment of this definition is still debated by experts: some say it came with the first copyright law, some say it began with the printing press in 1436, and others say that it emerged with ?the artist with a markedly individual personality? in 6th century BC Greece (Ploman and Hamilton 5). Regardless of the specific point of division, copyright as we know it today was not present in ancient oral cultures (Bettig 11) and is not present in modern oral cultures like that of the Balinese (Ploman and Hamilton 4). Why the concept of intellectual property is evident in highly literate cultures and not in oral cultures can perhaps be best understood in terms of the social and political context of their respective historical periods. One explanation that emerges is that the chosen mediums of oral and literate cultures are qualitatively different and that each engenders a different set of social norms to guide intellectual production. What this paper seeks to do is to pursue this line of questioning by discerning what the medium was for each culture, analyzing the nature of each medium, and, finally, explaining how the medium determined whether or not the concept of intellectual property emerged."
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Intellectual Property, 2007.
An examination of how intellectual property will impact the legal profession.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which the field of intellectual property and property rights impacts the future of the legal profession. It discusses ways in which law will change due to this new form of property rights. The paper also discusses how this change in law has affected the writer of this article and how it impacts his future career plans.
From the Paper
"Before I bring this paper to a close, I also want to add that the field of intellectual property rights will increasingly impact the legal profession simply because the growth of an innovation-driven service-based economy will bring into ever-sharper focus the tension between ensuring that private companies have every opportunity to protect themselves from others "stealing" their ideas (this is a central aim of trade secret law, or so it seems) and ensuring that the public is able to fully avail itself of every idea that springs from the minds of men and women (Shilling, 18B). As someone interested in both the free flow of ideas and in securing for as many people as possible the full riches "they have coming" for a new innovation, this underlying tension is an extraordinarily rich and exciting topic for me to explore."
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Property in Canon City, Colorado, 2005.
Examines property value in Canon City, Colorado.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on one home on Canon City, Colorado. It discusses the property value, the assessment of the property value, the financial analysis figures that go into determining whether or not the home is a good investment, the cost of maintaining the building, the risk involved in making the purchase, and finally, if this property would have a profit or loss for the buyer.
From the Paper
"The property being considered is a building erected in 1910 that is located in the town of Canon City, Colorado (Looplite). It is located at 605 Main Street on a retail commercial street, and was listed for sale on April 11, 2005 (Looplite). The property has a total of 12,810 square feet, with 4,000 square feet on each of the three floors. Located in the historical district, the building is in excellent condition. It is located 45 minutes from Pueblo, and 120 miles from Denver, in Fremont County. The total asking price for the property is $465,000, and the price per square foot is $36.30 (Looplite). II Demographics of Area. The median family income for Canon City is $52.482.00 ("Fast")."
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