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Electronic Voting, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of electronic voting within the election system.
1,272 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that voting fraud has always been a concern in U. S. elections. However, the writer points out that during the last few years, concerns over electronic voting and the possibility of fraud has sparked heated debates that continue today. The writer discusses the two different types of electronic voting systems, the optical scan system and the touch-screen system. The writer maintains that the success of the system of elections is based on three premises: the secrecy of the ballot, safeguards against fraud, and safeguards against voter intimidation. The writer concludes that, while criticism still echoes concerning electronic voting machines, butterfly ballots, chads and other twentieth century voting technology have all but disappeared.
From the Paper
"Internet voting is the process by which a voter casts his/her ballot on a personal computer that then electronically sends the ballot to the election office. While this system has the greatest potential for making election more convenient and accessible, it also presents major concerns surrounding the verifiability and security given the overall vulnerability of the Internet environment. Most agree that Internet voting is far too risky for general implementation, however as advances in encryption and other security measures are made, Internet voting will likely become more prevalent. The Defense Department is leading the way in resolving Internet security measures with several experiments and pilot projects. For example, to improve voting opportunities of overseas military personnel, the Defense Department conduct an experiment called Voting Over the Internet Pilot Project during the election of 2000, and planned another called the Secure Electronic Registration and Voting Experiment during the 2004 election, however this project was cancelled before the 2004 election due to unresolved security issues."
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Electronic Voting, 2005.
A look at electronic voting as a way of presenting the same type of problems that arose in the 2000 presidential elections.
3,618 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the topic of electronic voting, its advantages and disadvantages, and the problems associated with it that must be solved before it can be implemented on a large scale. The paper describes the problems with the present system of voting, alternative systems of voting as well as electronic voting, and the technology that could support this type of system.
From the Paper
"The electronic voting machines currently in use include touch-screen voting, while suggestions for online voting over the Internet have been made but rejected because of the security difficulties of such a system. If those could be solved, however, then online voting might become a reality as well. At the present time, different states are considering how to implement some form of electronic system that will not create the sort of problems seen in Florida in 2000, will be secure, and will be accurate. They look to some of the systems that have already been used and so tested by different states to see what has worked and what has not."
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Wiretapping, Electronic Surveillance and Electronic Eavesdropping, 2002.
This paper analyzes the US Supreme Courts decision on wiretapping, electronic surveillance and electronic eavesdropping.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history and past case law and what led up to the current laws. The author evaluates the state of the law today and discusses if it should be changed or if it has recently changed taking into account the events of September 11th.
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American Voting vs. British Voting, 2002.
A comparison of the electoral systems in the in the United States and Great Britain.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares public opinion, voting, and elections in the United States and Great Britain, and discusses the various advantages and disadvantages of each political system.
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The Importance of Voting, 2007.
This paper demonstrates the significance of voting and the consequences of not voting.
1,116 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the vote of the people determines who is in power at the local, state and national level. However, voting is not compulsory and the number of people voting is approaching fifty percent. The paper illustrates how the actual voting population becomes the group that the people in charge aim to please. By choosing to vote every person can gain even a small degree of influence. Apathy, on the other hand, allows those in control to take actions without a high level of concern over how the action will be perceived. The paper concludes that if more of the population voted, there would be a more balanced system of government where everyone is represented and where there is some measure of control over those in power.
From the Paper
"One of the main arguments against non-voting is that it has no effect. It is a decision not to act done as a form of protest against a system. However, as Dave Renton describes "like all campaigns based on inaction, it is a fundamentally weak gesture. It says to our rulers, "Look, you don't have our support", and they say, "Look, we're not bothered." Michael Staudenmaier makes another argument against voting stating that it has become based on people choosing the lesser of two evils. In effect, people vote because they don't want a certain person in office, not because they want a certain person in office. The problem with this argument is that not voting at all is not a solution."
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Electronic Money, 2008.
This paper discusses electronic money in relation to the traditional banking methods, analyzing Berndt Kempa's article "Money in an Electronic World".
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that in his enlightening article regarding electronic money, "Money in an Electronic World", Bernd Kempa argues that electronic funds are not likely to replace traditional money any time soon but that the role of the central bank in determining a country's monetary policy may be affected. The writer points out that the Kempa voices these concerns in closing his research in which he successfully illustrates the development of electronic funds and cash. The writer discusses that companies such as eBay and Amazon.com have turned the retail industry upside down and these two companies alone handle billions of dollars annually in electronic funds across international markets without ever handling physical currencies. Yet, the writer maintains that central banks will continue to determine monetary policy because the simple fact is that none of these new economy institutions or the electronic funds that accompany new business models creates money themselves. The writer concludes that they only move currency values that have been created via traditional channels.
Outline:
Author Analysis
Developments in Electronic Money
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These observations are, while not being indicative of an impending catastrophe, somewhat alarming for economists who might be concerned with monetary policy at the national level. However, by raising such alarms, the author does not adequately support why he believes electronic funds might hold the potential to undermine such national economic and monetary policy when, in fact, all electronic funds originate first with the issuance of funds through traditional channels. No company that regularly operates in the financial markets, private or otherwise, has the ability to generate funds, whether electronic or otherwise, in any manner that supersedes the role or the oversight of the central banking systems."
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E-Voting, 2004.
An examination of the pros and cons of virtual voting.
1,654 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the topic of e-voting, or voting through ATM-like electronic terminals. It looks at the pros and cons of the election process moving into an electronic age and away from the "hanging chads." The writer also examines issues of security, such as hacking and vote count integrity.
From the Paper
"The 2000 Presidential election and the fiasco in Florida's vote count were just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to voting in America. Today, voters are faced with more than punch cards. They are faced with "e-voting." What is e-voting? E-voting is a more practical way of voting by using electronic touch-screens or optical-scanning systems that record the vote when a voter touches the screen, clicks a mouse, or marks a ballot than can be optically scanned. The systems work electronically, and votes should be tallied almost instantaneously. The machines automatically show each office or item on the ballot as the voter enters their vote, and "If a voter makes a mistake, such as selecting two candidates for the same office, the computer points out this error and allows the voter to correct it" (Bonsor). These machines eliminate the inefficiencies of punch card and manual voting, and they are quicker for voters to use, so polling places can handle more voters in less time. In addition, they bring voting to many more people, including the blind and non-English speakers, for there are screens that talk back and screens in other languages."
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Electronic Payment Systems, 2005.
This paper discusses the use of electronic payment systems in banking and global e-commerce.
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that electronic banking, also known as electronic fund transfer or EFT, uses the computer and electronic technology instead of traditional checks and other paper transactions. The author points out that electronic payment systems, in comparison to tradition labor-intense systems, require human intervention only in specific problem cases thus saving the companies and their consumers time and money; however, customer self-service, through electronic payment systems, does not reduce costs if customers do not use it as an alternative to the traditional paper method. The paper relates that electronic commerce in developing countries permit better access to information and marketing opportunities but also have negative aspects such as delays and questionable security.
Table of Contents
Electronic Fund Transfer
Electronic Payment System
Global Electronic Payment Systems and E-Commerce
Electronic Payment Systems in Developing Countries
From the Paper
"At present, business organizations, consumers and government agencies throughout the world take advantage of payment technologies to send and receive funds (Kushawara 2003). Consumers pay their taxes and make other payments electronically; governments receive these taxes and distribute refunds also electronically; and enterprises put these modern technological tools to move payments and other funds. Electronic business payments have proved valuable in saving money, improving efficiency and helping deliver better returns to shareholders. With these benefits, organizations are better able to use their financial and human resource on more important or critical objectives and activities than on processes that need to be automated."
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Electronic Signatures and E-commerce Development, 2002.
A comprehensive look at the use of electronic signatures and other forms of identity authentication in an attempt to protect business over the internet.
9,320 words (approx. 37.3 pages), 110 sources, APA, $ 192.95
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Abstract
As more and more human activities can be undertaken on the internet, such as entertainment and commerce, the challenge is set now for governments and international institutions to ensure high levels of security for electronic communications, both private and commercial. Through the analysis of the technological background, the international legislative framework and sociological issues, the paper evaluates and highlights the main drawbacks and problems related with electronic communication. It identifies the structural, legislative and sociological reasons which prevent a generalized adoption of means of authentication and secure communication on-line, such as electronic signatures. The paper indicates solutions and guidelines to conduct electronic commerce and electronic communications to a broader diffusion and to build the average man?s confidence in trading and interacting online.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Overview
Findings
Electronic Signature - Technology, System and Law
From Hand-Written to Electronic Signature
Technology
Electronic Signatures
Key Based Systems
Digital Signature
System
Public Key Infrastructure
PKI in Practice
The Different Approaches
Law
UNCITRAL Model Laws
European Union
North America - USA and Canada
Australia, Japan and Singapore
Cross-Border Recognition
Confidence and Development
Structural Electronic Signature?s Drawbacks in Comparison with the Hand-Written Signature
Legal Framework?s Limits
Security Weaknesses and Risks with the Internet
Development
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Apart from these evaluations, both signatures are mechanisms for secure information management and ?symbols that signifies intent? , specifically the intention to authenticate a documents. Intent means that a security system must guarantee the non-repudiation of a message containing a declaration by assuring that the sender cannot later deny having sent that message. The application of this function in the electronic context presents the most problematic issues because of the unclear definition of the non-repudiation technical meaning . The uncertainty of this definition and the doubts about the limits of the binding capacity of a declaration electronically signed are probably one of the main reasons of the scarce confidence in using e-signatures to conclude on-line transaction."
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Electronic Marketing, 2006.
A summary of the book "Electronic Marketing: Integrating Electronic Resources into thee Marketing Process", which was written by Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo and its relevance in e-commerce.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Electronic Marketing: Integrating Electronic Resources into the Marketing Process", which was written by Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo and published by Thomson in 2004. The paper suggests that this book is an excellent source for business people and general readers who are interested in learning about electronic marketing and related e-commerce issues.
From the Paper
"Electronic Marketing: A Book Summary Electronic Marketing: Integrating Electronic Resources into the Marketing Process was written by Joel Reedy and Shauna Schullo and published by Thomson in 2004. This book is an excellent source for business people and general readers who are interested in learning about electronic marketing and related e-commerce issues. Six chapters are particularly useful and informative, and require extended examination and discussion. In the chapter, Introduction to the Resources of Electronic Marketing, the authors examine why electronic marketing has expanded so rapidly over the past ten years."
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Electronic Payment Methods, 2004.
An overview of the main features and benefits of electronic payment methods.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of electronic payment methods and outlines the relative advantages of electronic payment methods both for customer service and increased profitability. The main features of electronic payment cards, which include credit cards, virtual credit cards, debit cards, and charge cards, are described, and the main characteristics of successful e-payment methods are outlined. The recent successes of PayPal and VeriSign are outlined, and the author?s personal interest in the subject is discussed.
Outline
Electronic Payment Methods
Main Features of Electronic Payment Methods
Electronic Payment Methods, PayPal and VeriSign
Personal Interest in Electronic Payment Methods
Additional Information on Electronic Payment Methods
From the Paper
"Successful e-payment methods share a number of characteristics. These are: independence, interoperability and portability, security, anonymity, divisibility, ease of use, and transaction fees. Independence refers to the ability of e-commerce methods to operate without installing specialized software. Those e-commerce methods that do not require specialized hardware or software are more likely to be successful. Interoperability and portability refers to the ability of forms of e-commerce to interlink with other enterprise applications and systems. Security is an important consideration that encompasses the safety of the transfer and the chance of the transfer being intercepted. Anonymity is a characteristic of cash payments, where payment cannot be traced back to the buyer."
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Electronic Payment Systems, 2006.
An examination of virtual money, electronic payment systems and newer modes of money not yet in place.
6,452 words (approx. 25.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth study of electronic payment systems, their history, advantages and disadvantages. The paper describes the different forms of electronic payment systems and discusses the impact of the internet and electronic cash on the banking system and how we exchange money. Definitions of different types of electronic currency are provided as well as a brief comparison of electronic money systems in Europe and the United States. The paper also discusses smart card technology. Finally, the paper looks at possible electronic payment systems of the future and poses new questions that must be addressed regarding the application and future use of these systems.
History
Foundation of Electronic Banking
Automatic Clearing Houses
Credit Cards
Debit Cards
E-money
Smart Cards
System For the Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To be able to understand the electronic systems in use today, it is important to look into the early history of electronic banking. All of the systems in use now have their foundations in the early systems that were developed thirty years ago. It is interesting to note that the history of early electronic banking parallels the time frame of Internet development. The Internet has always been an integral part of electronic banking and will continue to play a vital part in the electronic world of the 21st century."
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Electronic Banking, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of electronic banking rather than traditional checks.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while there are some consumers who remain loyal to checks for security reasons and the comfort of seeing things in print, more and more customers are enjoying electronic payments; therefore, electronic transactions are transforming the banking industry. The author points out that, in addition to electronic payments being convenient, they are less expensive for the consumer, particularly through the use of online bill payment, and offer opportunities for rewards for using credit and debit cards. The paper states that, in other countries, banks have been able to make checks all but obsolete by charging considerably more for check transactions than for other forms of payment. The paper includes several long quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Electronic Payments vs. Traditional Checks
The Advantages of Electronic Transactions for Banks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the Banking System is moving toward becoming paperless, American's still write more checks per person than any other industrialized nation. An article entitled "Why do we Use so many checks" asserts that in the year 2000 49.6 billion checks were written and were valued at $47.7 trillion. The author explains that unlike other countries the United States experienced an increase in check writing during the 1990's which has contributed to the continued use of checks. As was previously mentioned in this discussion, the number of checks that are now being used has begun to decrease, but it is still a significant amount. "
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Electronic Music, 2005.
The history of electronic music.
7,232 words (approx. 28.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history of electronic music and how this history can help explain the way music is made today. The paper describes the different types of electronic music, the instruments used to make electronic music, composers of electronic music, the development of the synthesizer, and how computers are used to generate music.
Outline
Changing Instrumentation
Electronic Music
The Development of the Synthesizer
The Music
Computer Music
From the Paper
"Electronic music has become a staple in popular music, a vital part of experimental and avant-garde music, and an occasional means of performing classical music. Different types of electronic production are also common for music in films, television programs, and commercials. Electronic music has been produced in some form for more than a century, but it has become more common with the creation of the synthesizer and other electronic instruments, and even more common as these and similar devices have been computerized and digitized. The synthesizer can simulate an entire orchestra or just one or two instruments. The adept user can produce a wide variety of sounds, composing in studio or in performance. A single user can thus use this system to produce short or long works, including adding a soundtrack to a silent film at minimal cost and without the need for a studio full of musicians. The synthesizer was produced after decades of experimentation with electronic music as different composers sought ways to express themselves in this manner."
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Electronic Arts, 2007.
An analysis of Electronic Arts, a leading provider of interactive software games and online gaming.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Electronic Arts strives to be the market leader for games played on next-generation gaming systems. The paper relates that Electronic Arts develops, markets, publishes and distributes products for 12 different hardware platforms. The paper outlines the objectives for Electronic Arts that include a variety of new game releases. The paper describes how the company's leaders have played a significant role in Electronic Arts' success. The paper contends that their commitment to ethics sets Electronic Arts apart. The paper discusses their strengths, weaknesses and opportunities. The paper examines the threat of the intensely competitive nature of the industry.
Outline:
Company Description
Organizational Assessment
Strategic Directions:
Implications
Assess the Company's Strategy
From the Paper
"Electronic Arts is headquartered in Redwood City, California. In addition to this facility that doubles as a development studio, they also have studios in Los Angeles, Orlando, Chicago, Montreal, Tokyo, Chertsey, Guildford, and Warrington, England and employ approximately 7,200 people. This leading provider of interactive software games and online gaming recorded revenues of nearly $3 billion for the fiscal year ending March 2006, a decrease of 5.7% from their 2005 revenues. Operating profit was most recently reported at $325 million, a significant 51.4% decrease from 2005. Net profit, for fiscal year ending March 2006, was reported at $236 million, a decrease of 53.2% from 2005 figures ("Electronic Arts")."
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