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Electronic Banking, 2006.
A look at security issues concerning the electronic banking industry.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In today's environment of increasing globalization electronic banking, otherwise known as commerce or EFT, has become a daily life activity in our computer savvy society. Notions of banking and finance have changed over the last few decades particularly at the personal level with the increasing use of personal computers and online services. Strengthened Internet protocol and user friendly software have allowed for an increase in virtual banking and a decrease of paper records, files and documents against a backdrop of consumer concerns about compromised safety. Given this current environment of global electronic banking, this paper considers whether today's electronic banking is sufficiently secure enough to deal with large cash flows for people and companies.
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Electronic Banking, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of electronic banking rather than traditional checks.
2,135 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while there are some consumers who remain loyal to checks for security reasons and the comfort of seeing things in print, more and more customers are enjoying electronic payments; therefore, electronic transactions are transforming the banking industry. The author points out that, in addition to electronic payments being convenient, they are less expensive for the consumer, particularly through the use of online bill payment, and offer opportunities for rewards for using credit and debit cards. The paper states that, in other countries, banks have been able to make checks all but obsolete by charging considerably more for check transactions than for other forms of payment. The paper includes several long quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Electronic Payments vs. Traditional Checks
The Advantages of Electronic Transactions for Banks
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although the Banking System is moving toward becoming paperless, American's still write more checks per person than any other industrialized nation. An article entitled "Why do we Use so many checks" asserts that in the year 2000 49.6 billion checks were written and were valued at $47.7 trillion. The author explains that unlike other countries the United States experienced an increase in check writing during the 1990's which has contributed to the continued use of checks. As was previously mentioned in this discussion, the number of checks that are now being used has begun to decrease, but it is still a significant amount. "
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Electronic Banking, 1997.
Examined in terms of its features, uses, advantages of debit cards, smart cards, cryptography, computers. Includes examples.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"ELECTRONIC BANKING
Introduction
This research reviews the trends in electronic banking. Debit cards, so-called ?smart cards? (such as Mondex), and other trends in the application of information technology are reviewed...'
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Wiretapping, Electronic Surveillance and Electronic Eavesdropping, 2002.
This paper analyzes the US Supreme Courts decision on wiretapping, electronic surveillance and electronic eavesdropping.
4,400 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 160.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history and past case law and what led up to the current laws. The author evaluates the state of the law today and discusses if it should be changed or if it has recently changed taking into account the events of September 11th.
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Impact of E-Banking on the Banking Industry, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of individual commercial banks and how they service their customers.
13,765 words (approx. 55.1 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses individual commercial banks and how they service their customers. It analyzes the quality of banking services that a customer gets and how the services are provided to the customer. It describes the three main channels for banking today - through branches, through the internet and on telephone.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter I
How Internet Banking Has Grown In The Last Decades, Especially Regarding New Product Being Offered
Evolution of Internet Banking
Present Status and Profile of E-Banking Offered By Banks
Nature of Product Offered
Chapter II
The Operations of Banks In Different Areas: What Is The Contribution?
Effects of E-Banking on Banking Operations: What Is The Contribution of Internet Banking Toward The Business?
Chapter III
General Benefits of Banks From E-Business and Other Communication
Performance Measurement
Chapter IV
Reality of System Risks and Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To understand the relationship that can develop between the Internet and banks, one has to first understand the nature of both these items. The first to be understood is the banks. So far as banks are concerned, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, central banking which is the source of all banking activity would appear to be at a crossroads in their future. Earlier it was the lender of last resort, active participant in stabilizing economic fluctuations, and now the present main function is being the guardian of price stability. As it is still the monetary authority, much is expected from them. At one stage, fiscal policy was considered to be the main instrument of economic policy, the situation changed to an ascendancy of monetary policy and that was noted by the late 1980s in most parts of the industrialized world. This had a lot of implications for the role of the central bank."
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Banking & E-commerce, 2000.
An examination of electronic banking, planning and implementing required structural changes, examples, business cycles, productivity and the future.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 12 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"Technology: The Banking Industry Reengineering For E-Commerce
Introduction
The banking industry's top-to-bottom redesign of the entire retail operations of some of the world's largest banks to facilitate e-commerce is creating a concept some analysts are calling "Future Banks" (Kobrin, 1997; Oliver, 1997).
Accepting e-commerce must be done for banks to survive onslaughts from the Internet, brokerage firms and mutual-fund houses and from industry consolidation and technology. The critical question to be discussed in this paper is "What is electronic commerce and how will it impact banking?"
We will do this by examining the following:
Section 1: What is electronic commerce
Section 2: Structural Changes "
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Europe's Emerging Banks and the U.S. Banking History, 2002.
This paper analyzes the banking industry in the United States from the mid-18th through mid-19th century in order to understand the evolution of the banking industry in Europe's developing economies in the 20th century.
2,480 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper presents four potential dangers to banks in emerging markets and relates them to the lessons of the founding banking system of the United States: Macroeconomic volatility, connected lending, political involvement and financial liberalization. This paper discusses that the emerging banking industries in Eastern Europe must learn to operate in an objective environment free from burdensome and often disastrous government control; just as, the ever-present tension in the United States between government policy and banking policy ensured the banking industry's objectivity. This paper argues that the primary cause of the banking crisis in Eastern Europe was the banks' decision to allow financiers with little experience and even less capital to set up their own banks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
European Economies and the Evolution of the U.S. Banking Industry
Macroeconomic Volatility
Connected Lending
Government Involvement
Financial Liberalization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The insistence by the American chief executive in the mid 18th to mid 19th century to keep separate government policy from banking policy has not been demonstrated in the communist economies of Eastern Europe. The second major crisis factor for these economies has been connected (or insider) lending, particularly in Russia. Though not unheard of in rich countries, connected lending is a more serious problem in emerging countries, where supervisors are less rigorous about rooting it out. The Economist maintains that connected lending has recently caused serious problems where unscrupulous businessmen have found it easy to set up banks simply to finance their other companies' pet projects. Thus, at many Russian banks, the personal ambitions of owners and managers still come before the prudent assessment of lending risks. Loans to related companies are rarely made on an arm's length basis and tend to be granted at below-market rates, with scant credit vetting."
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Electronic Payment Systems, 2005.
This paper discusses the use of electronic payment systems in banking and global e-commerce.
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that electronic banking, also known as electronic fund transfer or EFT, uses the computer and electronic technology instead of traditional checks and other paper transactions. The author points out that electronic payment systems, in comparison to tradition labor-intense systems, require human intervention only in specific problem cases thus saving the companies and their consumers time and money; however, customer self-service, through electronic payment systems, does not reduce costs if customers do not use it as an alternative to the traditional paper method. The paper relates that electronic commerce in developing countries permit better access to information and marketing opportunities but also have negative aspects such as delays and questionable security.
Table of Contents
Electronic Fund Transfer
Electronic Payment System
Global Electronic Payment Systems and E-Commerce
Electronic Payment Systems in Developing Countries
From the Paper
"At present, business organizations, consumers and government agencies throughout the world take advantage of payment technologies to send and receive funds (Kushawara 2003). Consumers pay their taxes and make other payments electronically; governments receive these taxes and distribute refunds also electronically; and enterprises put these modern technological tools to move payments and other funds. Electronic business payments have proved valuable in saving money, improving efficiency and helping deliver better returns to shareholders. With these benefits, organizations are better able to use their financial and human resource on more important or critical objectives and activities than on processes that need to be automated."
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Electronic Money, 2008.
This paper discusses electronic money in relation to the traditional banking methods, analyzing Berndt Kempa's article "Money in an Electronic World".
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The writer notes that in his enlightening article regarding electronic money, "Money in an Electronic World", Bernd Kempa argues that electronic funds are not likely to replace traditional money any time soon but that the role of the central bank in determining a country's monetary policy may be affected. The writer points out that the Kempa voices these concerns in closing his research in which he successfully illustrates the development of electronic funds and cash. The writer discusses that companies such as eBay and Amazon.com have turned the retail industry upside down and these two companies alone handle billions of dollars annually in electronic funds across international markets without ever handling physical currencies. Yet, the writer maintains that central banks will continue to determine monetary policy because the simple fact is that none of these new economy institutions or the electronic funds that accompany new business models creates money themselves. The writer concludes that they only move currency values that have been created via traditional channels.
Outline:
Author Analysis
Developments in Electronic Money
Conclusion
From the Paper
"These observations are, while not being indicative of an impending catastrophe, somewhat alarming for economists who might be concerned with monetary policy at the national level. However, by raising such alarms, the author does not adequately support why he believes electronic funds might hold the potential to undermine such national economic and monetary policy when, in fact, all electronic funds originate first with the issuance of funds through traditional channels. No company that regularly operates in the financial markets, private or otherwise, has the ability to generate funds, whether electronic or otherwise, in any manner that supersedes the role or the oversight of the central banking systems."
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Electronic Payment Systems, 2006.
An examination of virtual money, electronic payment systems and newer modes of money not yet in place.
6,452 words (approx. 25.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth study of electronic payment systems, their history, advantages and disadvantages. The paper describes the different forms of electronic payment systems and discusses the impact of the internet and electronic cash on the banking system and how we exchange money. Definitions of different types of electronic currency are provided as well as a brief comparison of electronic money systems in Europe and the United States. The paper also discusses smart card technology. Finally, the paper looks at possible electronic payment systems of the future and poses new questions that must be addressed regarding the application and future use of these systems.
History
Foundation of Electronic Banking
Automatic Clearing Houses
Credit Cards
Debit Cards
E-money
Smart Cards
System For the Future
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To be able to understand the electronic systems in use today, it is important to look into the early history of electronic banking. All of the systems in use now have their foundations in the early systems that were developed thirty years ago. It is interesting to note that the history of early electronic banking parallels the time frame of Internet development. The Internet has always been an integral part of electronic banking and will continue to play a vital part in the electronic world of the 21st century."
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Internet Banking, 2002.
The paper talks about the history of internet banking form the 1970s to today. It describes how a revolution in the banking industry as we know it is taking place.
4,538 words (approx. 18.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
Examines how Internet or electronic banking is slowly but surely reviving itself after numerous attempts by various financial institutions and financial intermediaries in the 1970 and 1980s. The standardization in technologies and the public's familiarity with the use of personal computers and the Internet have made the Internet bank or Internet banking site easier, cheaper and more cost effective than ever before. This paper discusses the coming of age of Internet banking, the opportunity for Internet banking and some of the obstacles and procedures that must be followed in order to develop a sound Internet banking presence.
From the Paper
"Mark Leary is looking at his watch. It is 10:30 p.m. and he has a list of chores to complete by tonight. He is leaving on a 3-day business trip in the morning and will not have the time to take care of some financial details. He has put off balancing his checkbook for over 2 months and needs to find out how much money he has in the checking account. Mark also wants to do a stock analysis of his current portfolio and ask his broker some questions about a new stock he read about earlier in the week. He has to send his son in college some money since he always seems to run out. Mark also promised his wife that he would order some new checks and get her a debit card since she does not like the inconvenience of having just an ATM card. Finally, yet importantly, he would like to check out information on Keogh's for his wife's business. How is he going to actually accomplish any of these tasks at this hour of the night? The answer is in the next revolution to hit the banking industry. Mark will log onto his banks website via his Internet service provider (ISP) and work away. The bank site allows him to download his statements directly onto his home budgeting software like Microsoft's Money or Intuit's Quicken and reconcile quickly and efficiently. In a matter of minutes, he knows his exact balance, what is outstanding and what items have come through. He will use the link that connects with the banks investment advisor who handles his portfolio and email questions about the stock he read about, he will ask another department about a Keogh for his wife's new business. He will transfer money through electronic funds transfer (EFT) from his account to his sons account across the country and it will be there by morning. He will order the checks his wife wants on the check selection link and order a debit card with a single click of a button since his information is already stored in the bank database."
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Islamic Banking - Religion as an Excuse, 2006.
This paper explains the differences between Islamic banking and conventional banking. It argues politically, as opposed to economically, that both systems are the same.
3,225 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that the emergence of Islamic banking is an example of how religion has become subservient to economic needs, and more specifically, how Islam has become subservient to capitalism. The paper explains that although advocates claim that Islamic banking is distinctive from interest rate banking, such methods are merely window dressing - a way for the banks to legitimize themselves. The writer explains that in Shariah, Islamic law, people are prohibited from charging and receiving interest. The paper draws parallels between conventional banking systems and the new modes of so-called interest-free banking. The paper states that Islamic banks have been mimicking conventional banks, pushing for short-term, low-risk investments that are similar in quantity and risk to those obtained by other conventional banks. The writer explains that the methods used to evade interest prohibition include mislabeling interest under the false pretense of administrative costs and delegating puppet banks to alleviate responsibility from Islamic institutions. The writer challenges the advocates of this system who claim that it is Shariah-compliant. In summation, the writer states that it is evident that in the current Islamic system, Islamic beliefs have taken a second place to the capitalist system. Table of Contents: Introduction Lack of Sources for Islamic Banking Same Method, Different Name Murabaha is Not Profit Sharing Using Puppet Banks The Ulama Power Vacuum Advocates Conclusion Bibliography
From the Paper
"During the 80s, Muslim countries such as Sudan, Iran and Pakistan underwent the growth of Islamic banking due to an oil boom and the need for Muslim communities to establish a unique economic presence in the new international economic order (Pipes, 1982:45; cf. ICO: 1982). By 1995, 144 public and private banking institutions had been established claiming to practice a??Islamic bankinga?? (Shaik, 1997:118). However, this paper will argue that Islamic banking is conventional banking in disguise. Islamists have merely used the former to bypass religious restrictions to meet their capitalistic needs in a manner that is compliant, and sometimes even not compliant, to interpretations of the Shariah. Such assertions can be supported by examining characteristics of the current Islamic banking system. Nazih N. Ayubi has written about religion being subservient to the state. In this particular case, the evolution of Islamic banking has become an example of Islam being subservient to capitalism."
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Islamic Banking, 2002.
This study investigates the feasibility of introducing Islamic banking as an alternative system of banking in the United States, but not as a replacement for the existing system of banking in this country.
7,325 words (approx. 29.3 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 162.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine and assess the issues involved in any effort to implement Islamic banking as an alternative system of banking in the United States. The study pursues this purpose through the investigation of the following research questions: 1. Is it probable that Islamic banking and interest-based banking can co-exist within the economic structure of the United States? 2. Is the potential market for Islamic banking in the United States sufficiently large to make Islamic banking feasible in American society? 3. What laws, state and federal, require change to permit Islamic banking to operate in the United States?
Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the Study
Key Factors for Investigation
Background on the Problem
Approach to the Investigation
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2
Literature Review
The Crucial Role of Interest
The Development of Banking Systems
Sources & Uses of Funds in Islamic Banking
Chapter 3
Method
References
From the Paper
"Islamic economics has two principal components. The first component is a constant set of principles derived from the Qu'aran, which are the economic principles governing all Islamic activity, and which are unchanging. The second component is a flexible set of principles also derived from the Qu'aran, but which may be adapted to environment, time, or place, while remaining within the boundaries of the unchanging principles (El Araby, 1997). In Islam, any enterprise ? economic or otherwise ? may be an act of devotion, if entered into with the correct intentions. The welfare of the whole of the human race according to the will of God is the ultimate goal of all Islamic economic activity. The social responsibilities of business organizations are part of the moral obligations of the individuals operating such organizations in an Islamic society (El Araby, 1997). All economic systems are concerned with the relationship between the public and private sectors. In capitalist systems, the emphasis is on the private sector, although the degree of such emphasis varies between countries. One result of this capitalist emphasis is the cyclical recurrence of significant problems ? inflation, unemployment, and recession, while a second result is an increasing concentration of productive capacity ownership into a relatively few private hands. Islamic economics assumes that no conflict exists or will develop between the public and private sectors, and that each sector works for the greater good of society. The applications of the principles of any system ? capitalist or Islamic ? are usually less than perfect. Therefore, conflicts do occur within Islamic economic systems; however, in Islam, the settlement of such conflicts is according to the criterion of the greater societal good, as opposed to settlement on an ideological basis of property ownership, political imperative or agenda, or similar factors that is often true in capitalist economies."
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The Pakistani Banking Industry, 2006.
This in-depth paper a provides a benchmark pertaining to the careers of bank managers in Pakistan, while also delving into the banking industry in the Islamic run country.
21,538 words (approx. 86.2 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines Pakistan's evolving and constantly developing banking industry from the 1940s and up the present. The writer of this paper supplies in-depth insight into the pressures as well as the numerous financial and cultural demands and expectations currently facing bank managers in both the private and public banking sectors. This paper analyzes Pakistan's political history and its resulting impact on the country's banking industry. The writer of this paper delves into Pakistan's socio-political culture which greatly affects the vision, goals and leadership style of the country's bank managers. This paper also contains various financial tables, lists and illustrated graphs pertaining to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Political and Financial History Intertwined
Effect on Pakistani Bank Managers
Cautionary Tales
The Opposite Side of the Coin
Pakistani Banking Structure
Pakistani Banking: Recent Past
Upsetting Events in Pakistan's Banking History vis-a'-vis Managers
The Best Bank
Other Banks
Challenges for Managers in the Banking Industry
Current Initiatives
Literature Review
Summary
Statement of Research Question
Methodology
Findings
Manager One: NBP Managers
Manager Two: New Hire from Lahore Business School
Manager Three: Year 2000 Graduate of a Business College in Germany
Manager Four: Islamic Bank Manager
Manager Five: Graduate of Irish Business College
Manager Six: Recently Promoted Manager at a Local Branch in the Capital
Manager Seven: Human Resources Manager at the Islamic Bank
Manager Eight: Temporary Branch Manager in Small Town
Manager Nine: Former Bank Employee, Government Bank
Manager Ten: Graduate of Lahore Business College (2)
Bank Manager Career Themes
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix A: Islamic Modes of Financing
Appendix B: Recent Listing of Banks Operating in Pakistan
Appendix C: Questions for Bank Manager Interviews and Process
Appendix D: Recommendations by Mehmood-Ul-Hassan Khan
References
From the Paper
"The best way to determine what the future might hold is to understand the past and the present, and add to that the changes seen by experts on the horizon. Therefore, constructing the history of Pakistani banking forms a major part of the current research; outlining contemporaneous changes and decisions regarding Pakistani banking made by its most senior officials is also important to understanding the influences on bank manager career tracks and attitudes. In addition, an extensive literature review of those factors that generally contribute t manager career orientation in any business will help understand the Pakistani bank managers' positions. Interviews with at least a few current Pakistani bank managers will display the attitudes they currently hold, and provide insight into what they expect in the future and what would make them more or less career-oriented."
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Performance Appraisal System in Banking in India, 2008.
An analysis the past, present and future view of the banking industry in India, with a focus of performance appraisal systems in the industry.
12,441 words (approx. 49.8 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 239.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the literature with regards to performance appraisal systems in the banking industry in public and private sector banks in India. It provides a historical overview of the banking industry in India and looks at a future view of its banking industry. The paper then discusses reforms and management issues in banking in India and the need for performance appraisal.
Table of Contents:
Historical Overview Of Banking Industry In India
Future View Of Indian Banking Industry
Reform And Restructuring Of Banking Hr Management
India Banking Sector Reforms
Challenge-Management In The Banking Industry
Innovation HRM In A 'Hyper-Competitive Environment
People-Centric HR Management In Banks
New Emphasis On HRM Related Practices
Banking Sector Technology Deployment
India Banking Industry HRM Report (2000)
Intensive Bank Restructuring Program: State Bank Of India
Performance Management & Appraisal Systems
Talent-Management In The India Banking Industry
Limitations And Scarcity In Performance Appraisal In Banking HRM
Recent Studies In HRM Performance Appraisal Methods
Summary Of Literature Reviewed
From the Paper
"Stated to be a good measure of devolvement was an increase in proactivity in personnel function in the past five years and in both the Indian and British interviews relating to involvement another measure was revealed stating to be "continuous feedback from line managers." (Budhwar and Sparrow, 2002) It is held that this is "an important measure of devolvement as it helps to evaluate whether things are working according to plans or not, and what changes will be required in the future." (Budhwar and Sparrow, 2002) An expectations that such type examinations might reveal "the extent to which managerial cognition of strategic HRM actually relate to practice. Similarly, the influence of possible new dimensions of national culture, as suggested by both Indian and British managers' viewpoint should be examined. The thinking of personnel specialists and different levels of employees from other sectors, regarding their function, should also be examined." (Budhwar and Sparrow, 2002)"
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