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Eighteenth Century Literature, 2000.
This paper explores the themes of religious hypocrisy rife in the literature of eighteenth century England.
2,114 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This article explores the themes of religious hypocrisy rife in the literature of eighteenth century England. It utilizes the texts of "The Vicar of Wakefield", "Joseph Andrews", and "The Way of the World" to reveal the convergence of both early novel and constant drama as exposers of the Church of England and its contradictions.
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Eighteenth Century English Merchant Class, 2002.
A paper which describes the change in eighteenth century English society due to its expansion in overseas trade and the industrial revolution.
1,146 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how eighteenth century English experienced a dramatic change in its culture and their economy. As the boundaries of the United Kingdom expanded world over, its interaction with several other cultures increased. The paper shows that because of this increased interaction with other cultures, the British culture itself went through a cultural change. In addition to this, several developments made in the areas of science and technology led towards an industrial revolution in England. The paper discusses how, as a result of the industrial revolution, the merchant class emerged as one of the most influential and authoritative group. Considering the enormous growth potential in the industrial sector, the English society adopted a purely mercantilist approach towards trade and commerce. The paper shows that with the increase in industrial developments in the region, the rural population of the country started to shift to the urban areas and thus the overall societal structure of England was changed.
From the Paper
"All these developments made a far-reaching impact on the British culture. The consequences of the Industrial Revolution not only brought a change in population but also led to a drastic change in many societal aspects. It totally changed the utilization of labor in the British economy, the family structure, the economic system, the educational system and most importantly the individual?s life style. The merchant class of England was the mostly affected group in this regard, as it composed of a considerable number of those people who previously belonged to the rural population. These individuals later totally changed their way of living, which was obviously a result of their exposure to the urban culture, increase in their income and changes in the society because of industrial revolution."
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Eighteenth Century Watercolors, 1999.
Discusses materials and chemical properties of typical eighteenth century watercolors.
1,664 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the physical and chemical properties of the constituent elements used in typical eighteenth century watercolors. The structure of the sheet of paper, the function of the sizing, as well as the properties and drying of the gum Arabic and the coloration and permanence of pigments are discussed.
From the Paper
"Indigo is a deep, transparent blue that is no longer used as a permanent colour. As it is not entirely light-proof, it absorbs a lot of light but also reflects some depending on the thickness and density of the paint when applied on the surface of the rag paper and the surrounding colours. Its permanence as a pigment considered to be problematic because it tends to fade or even flake if not properly diluted. However, artists can create a very attractive tonal effect, especially when used with compatible surrounding colours."
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The Eighteenth Century, 2004.
An overview of the social changes which occurred in this century and three writers who left their mark during this time.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The Eighteenth Century was a time of profound change and upheaval in the Western world. Alexander Pope, Samuel Pepys, and Jonathan Swift were among the most prominent of 18th century writers, and each left his mark on literature. This paper examines how the 1700s were characterized by the impact of social stratification on all aspects of life, including food, fashion, society, furnishings, and even literature.
From the Paper
"Born in 1688, Alexander Pope is a well-known 18th century writer perhaps most famous for his works The Rape of the Lock, An Essay on Criticism, and a translation of Homer's Iliad. He was well known for his controversial stands, and often attacked other writers, and his satire was well known. The Rape of the Lock is simply the story of a young woman who has a lock of hair stolen, despite the intimation of the title. He uses literary allusion in the poem, largely making it a sometimes seemingly bizarre writing on a trivial theft in the style of a great epic poem. In sum, ?Pope will still stand out, not perhaps as a master-genius, but as the typical man of letters and as the great representative English poet of the first half of the eighteenth century" (Malaspina Great Books)."
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Three Eighteenth-Century Poets, 2002.
Shows how 18th Century poets, Pope, Finch and Thomson reflected nature in their works.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of nature in three eighteenth-century poets, Alexander Pope, Anne Finch, and James Thomson.
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Eighteenth-Century French Writing, 2002.
A literary review of French writing, from the 18th century period.
1,581 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
A detailed analysis of the processes of fictionalisation and alterity amongst Eighteenth-Century French philosophers, with particular reference to the work of Diderot, Prevost and Rousseau. The paper also draws on the criticism of Kristeva and Todorov.
From the Paper
"In attempting to portray the foreign Other, many eighteenth-century authors grappled with issues of fictional representation. This is particularly problematic when the figure of the Other is being employed, as it was in many cases, to act as a mouthpiece for the philosophical truths that the writer wished to convey. The inevitability of the process of fictionalisation is brought about not despite the intentions of these authors but precisely because of the agenda with which they approached the creation of their texts."
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Intellectual Freedom in the Eighteenth Century, 2002.
Examines the writings of David Humes and his thoughts on intellectual freedom by studying commentaries to his writings by Vladimir Price.
4,257 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at commentaries on Hume's works by Vladimir Price called "The Ironic Hume." The writer lays out a few suggestions of ironic interpretation not mentioned by Price, the purpose being to get them on the table for philosophical discussion. It begins with a few comments on the intellectual “freedom” of the eighteenth century. This was the time in which Hume lived, a time in which someone like him, a man with integrity, wit, and great intelligence, had to carefully choose his words. The writer then examines Hume's “Of Miracles,” turning to "The Natural History of Religion", and the "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion" (with the heaviest focus on this last). The paper focuses on certain passages which appear to feature more than the usual Humean ambiguity. Price’s ironic interpretations are then examined, which provide material which the the writer claims grasps Hume’s intent.
From the Paper
"?Be a philosopher; but, amidst all your philosophy, be still a man? (Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (ECHU) I.4: 452). So David Hume advised anyone who would venture into the deep and perplexing regions of abstract philosophy. Indeed, those trying to interpret Hume?s own writings, particularly when they relate to religious issues, must stay on their toes. After reading these works, one realizes that Hume?s writing style is deceptively simple. Packed within each sentence, each phrase, and often, each word, are meanings within meanings, deep irony hovering over lighter irony, and grand, major points made around smaller, but no less important, staccato-type ones. Certainly, after delving into the challenges lying deep within Hume?s religious writings, philosophers might feel the need to relax their vigilance and engage in some business of purely ordinary human gratification. Hume would encourage them to do so."
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Eighteenth Century English Merchant Class, 2006.
An evaluation of the emergence of the merchant class in England in the 18th century.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the emergence and social and economic impact of the merchant class in England during the 18th century. The paper explains that as a result of the industrial revolution, the merchant class gained influence and authority. The paper traces this process, beginning with British society adopting a purely mercantilist approach towards trade and commerce and then the shifting of population centers from rural to urban areas. The paper then looks at how this shift impacted English attitude toward trace and commerce, commenting that it opened up society's attitudes toward global expansion.
From the Paper
"There were some other factors as well, which affected the growth of the merchant class in eighteenth century England. In the eighteenth century, the British government imposed a legislation named "Enclosure Act", which encouraged the emigration of rural population to the cities. (Langford 70-72) In addition to this, higher wage rates prevailing in the urban labor markets encouraged the rural farmers and labors to move to cities in search for better opportunities so that they could improve their standard of living. This shift in population in turn influenced the growth of the merchant class. With the development of industries, several attractive commercial goods were made available in the cities. The availability of such commercial goods in the urban areas encouraged the urban populace to gain possession of these goods. Moreover, advancements in technology reduced the production cost and time of many goods. Several rural industries began to suffer because of the technological edge of the urban industrialists. This crisis also forced the urban people to adopt an urban way of life. (Langford 70)"
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The Life of the Eighteenth Century Soldier, 1992.
An analysis of training, tactics and weapons of soldiers in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the life of an infantry soldier in this time period. The main armies examined are Russia, Prussia, France and Britain. The writer focuses on their weapons, their mode of battle as well as military tactics. In addition the paper explores the day to day life of these soldiers - eating habits, sleeping habits and remuneration.
From the Paper
"The ordinary life of the average infantryman in the eighteenth century is little known by most modern-day warriors and students of military history. This is unfortunate, because what he endured and lived through in the royal armies of Europe was a unique experience. Whether in the Prussian, French, British or any other service, the military life of the foot-soldier ? from recruitment to training and garrison life ? made for a difficult and dangerous though an undoubtedly extremely interesting career."
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Absolutism in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, 2002.
An examination of how absolutism came to be after the Renaissance and how it spread quickly to nation states such as Russia and France, but was tossed out in England.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with all aspects of absolutism; the stormy political climate which incubated it after the Renaissance and then its reign as the most effective form of government in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
From the Paper
"Many different kinds of political systems have been used in Europe throughout history. One of the most popular forms during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were absolute monarchies in which monarchs with power and wealth governed nation-states such as Russia and France. The English, however, made attempts to protect individual rights and to limit royal power. There was now friction between the two types of government; with both advantages and disadvantages being found for both."
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Is the Twentieth Century an American Century?, 2000.
A look at whether the 20th century can be tagged an American superior century.
1,690 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 12 sources, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This is an argumentative essay that discusses whether or not the twentieth century can be considered as the "American Century" and if a period of time can be given the title of one single country at all.
From the Paper
"The Twentieth Century has been quoted by many common people and historians as being the ?American Century?. This though is very arguable and in my opinion cannot be true. No time period can be called the period of a specific country or region since important events that affect the lives of many all over the world and of things to come in the future occur everywhere on Earth. It is true that in the twentieth century, even though the central focus was on many occasions on the United States, important events that affect the world even today occurred in other areas of the world as well."
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African-American Female Social Reformers Of The 19th Century-20th Century, 1995.
Describes the lives and careers of Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Fanie Lou Hamer.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The role of individual personalities in a social movement is often recorded in disproportion to the individual's achievement. Minorities have received short shrift in the past. Women in particular are apt to be slighted by historians who, until recently, were generally composed of educated white males viewing the past through a perspective that was sorely limited by lack of imagination and empathy. Needless to say, women of African-American heritage have been more likely lost in the shuffle of such opinion than white women and black men. As Arican-Americans in America moved from slavery to freedom, from segregated minority to still-being-attempted integration into the mainstream society, there has been a none-too-subtle discount of the black woman's accomplishments in the field of social reform. Nevertheless, there has been a strong spine of African-American ..."
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English Literature Over the Ages, 2002.
A look at the changes in English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period through the eighteenth century.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to trace the history of English Literature starting from the Anglo- Saxon period to the Eighteenth Century. The paper attempts to trace the changes through the various important works of the great writers throughout history.
From the Paper
"A look at the poetic tradition of that age shows that most of the old English poetry was more or less intended to be chanted, accompanied with a harp, by the Anglo-Saxon harp scop or bard (Encarta). The poetry was often bold and strong, but at the same time mournful and elegiac in its spirit. The subjects that this poetry expressed were the sorrow and the ultimate futility of life and lamented the helplessness of humans before the power of their fate. The versification pattern of almost all of this poetry was that it was composed without rhyme, in a characteristic line or verse of four stressed syllables alternating with an indeterminate number of unstressed syllables (Encarta). This form of versification strikes strangely, as it is different from the usual modern pattern. Hence this pattern becomes the striking feature of the era of Anglo-Saxon literature. Another striking feature in the formal character of the Old English poetry is structural alliteration that is the use of syllables beginning with similar sounds in two or three of the stresses in each line(Encarta)."
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Rape In Britain In The Late 18th Century and Early 19th Century, 1997.
Examines legal, social, marital, literary, theoretical, moral, class and feminist issues, focusing on the views of women as possessions of men.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 15 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the issue of rape in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The plan of the research will be to set forth the social and cultural context in which the issue achieves significance and then to discuss patterns of activity within the culture that appear to show an evolution of consciousness and priorities in the understanding of the phenomenon.
The conceptualization of rape in Britain in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries appears to have been very much a social construction that dominated the whole of Western society, whether in England and the Empire, on the continent, or in the U.S. Thus however rape might have been perceived or experienced at the personal level, the principal social fact about the phenomenon was that it was subsidiary to more widely held views of social ..."
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Popular Religion in England - 18th Century., 2002.
This paper discusses the subject of popular religion in England during the latter part of the eighteenth century.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Included are the Church of England, the Catholic religion, the protestant religion, and many types just becoming popular during this period such as Unitarianism, Baptist, Methodist, and such. Included in the discussion is the expansion of England as a dominant force in Europe and its effect on the government's willingness to maintain a low-key attitude about religion. The latter portion of the eighteenth century ushered in a new era of freedom of religion and the key points leading up to this are discussed herein.
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