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Edmund Hallet Carr?s "What is History?", 2002.
A critical review of this work, with respect to the meaning and purpose of history.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the work ?What is History?, by Edmund Hallet Carr. It looks at how the work redefines the way historical facts are understood and the importance of context in the interpretation of historical facts. It looks at the importance of a historian having an awareness of the time-frame a historical work was written in, the objectives of the writer at that time and his/her own society-based biases. The paper then brings in Cronon?s ?A place for stories: nature, history, and narrative? and Linda Alcoff?s ?The problem of speaking for others?, as examples of how Carr?s ideas have been used by other historians writing on the meaning of history.
From the Paper
"Edmund Hallet Carr?s book, What is History?, was first published in 1961 and had a major impact on the understanding of history. Reading this book over 40 years later, it still has the same impact, creating a change in the way history is viewed and understood. The lasting impact of Carr?s concepts can also be seen by the way they are still applicable to modern ideas on the meaning and purpose of history."
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Is E.H Carr's Reputation as a Realist Deserved?, 2005.
A discussion about E.H. Carr and whether he earned his reputation as a Realist.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper sets out to examine if E.H. Carr was a realist, a Marxist or a critic of Utopianism. After describing his background, the paper examines how much Carr conformed to the standards of a classical realist. The paper also examines why it has been so hard to answer the question about Carr's reputation as a realist and concludes that not only was Carr a realist, but he was also a utopian, a functionalist, and a romantic.
From the Paper
"E.H Carr seems to be one of the most enigmatic writers in the field of International Relations. After looking up numerous sources, the position Carr came from still remains a mystery. Questions of whether he was a Realist, a Marxist or just a spiteful critic of Utopianism have still not been completely satisfactorily answered. Still, numerous answers have been out forward, and in this essay I will examine the ones I thought made most sense, and attempt to hopefully put forward my own opinion of exactly how much of a Realist Carr was. I will begin in relatively orthodox fashion, by looking at how much Carr conformed to the standards of a classical Realist, and juxtaposing that with how much he didn't conform to those same standards. I will then move on to an examination of exactly why it has been so hard to answer the question above, and then conclude by seeing how much of the question has been answered to date. First though, we need to put Carr's arguments into some sort of context by looking briefly at his history. Carr matured in a world where world security and peace was not really analyzed or commented upon. What changed this peaceful state was the First World War, and more importantly for Carr, the Bolshevik Revolution. This event proved to be a catalyst of sorts for Carr, and changed his vision of the world and to some extent his personality, dramatically. The world he inhabited became the one he commented the most upon, and most writers on his arguments have cautioned that this needs to be kept in mind in any examination of Carr. Thus, background duly noted, we can now move into answering the question itself.
To what extent was Carr a classical Realist? This question answered in different ways by different writers, but because space is limited, I will take here the two who seemed to answer the question best. The first answer I will put forward was originally thought up by Charles Jones, who said that Carr was a Realist who conformed to the standards of Realism he himself defined. The best example of this is the opening few chapters of The Twenty Years Crisis', in which Carr defines Realism as having two main tenants; Firstly, that sovereign states were the prime actors in an international system that was irremediably conflictual because of the flawed character of mankind and its own anarchic structure. Secondly, that statesmen were permitted to exercise amoral behaviour in the sphere of international politics because of these distinguishing characteristics which marked it off from the sphere of international politics . Thus according to Jones, Carr was a realist on his own terms, and not according to classically ascribed ones. Peter Wilson's argument for Carr being a Realist also runs along these lines. Wilson puts the version of Carr most commonly seen in IR forward first. According to this classical version of Carr, morality came about as a product of power, not vice versa; The diplomat was entitled to 'cloak the interests of his country in the language of universal justice '; The clash of interests between states was real and inevitable; Utopians were delusional dupes who only worked for their the fulfilment of their own vision; and that public interest was as wrong-headed as was it impotent . These two slightly views of Carr, though not completely identical do go some way towards showing why Carr was, prior to the in depth research done afterwards, seen as a hard-line classical Realist. Most basic realist assumptions and arguments are evident in the various points listed above, and as all of the points come from Carr's works themselves, it isn't hard to infer that he was in fact a hard-line Realist. But, Carr's arguments weren't confined to only the principles outlined above. In fact, they had much more depth to them than that, and this depth is what led to the 'Carr question ' being asked in the first place. How much then, does Carr not conform to the standards of a classical Realist?"
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Was E.H. Carr Truly a Realist?, 2005.
This paper explores the debate as to whether or not E.H. Carr deserves to be considered an authentic realist.
1,868 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how E.H. Carr's reputation as an authentic realist is questioned, as many of his arguments are Marxist, functionalist or even idealist in nature. The paper examines the realist tradition and explains the Marxist, functionalist and Utopian aspects of Carr's thought. The paper shows how Carr does fit the fealist profile and deserved his reputation as a realist, although he was also a utopian with a hint of Marxist thought.
From the Paper
"Classical realism is positivist in its methodology. It stresses the antagonism between states which arises out of a flawed human nature and conflicting national interests. There are five basic assumptions that are the core of the Realist tradition of thought. Firstly, the international system is anarchical, meaning that there is no central authority that supersedes states. Secondly, these sovereign states are the principal actors in the international system and additionally they are rational unitary actors, meaning that they serve their own interests. Fourthly, the overriding national interest is the pursuit of security and finally, relations between states are determined by their comparative levels of power. These five assumptions constitute the basis of realist thinking, therefore any authors that appears to agree with them is generally classified as a realist without any distinctions made. As C. Jones explains, "attempts at generalisation are inimical to scholarship to the extent that they suppress significant distinctions." In this sense, it can be understood that if Carr seems to rest his argument on the same assumptions as listed above, he would be classified as a realist, albeit the fact that his writings also touch upon various other, non-realist assumptions."
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John Le Carre?s Perception of International Affairs, 2006.
An examination of author John Le Carre's view of international affairs through an examination of two of his novels.
1,177 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the characters and plots in John Le Carre's novels, "The Honourable Schoolboy" and "The Little Drummer Girl" to shed some light on the author's view of international affairs. The paper explains that, from Le Carre's point of view, international affairs are dehumanizing from all sides concerned and offer no justice.
From the Paper
"John Le Carre's perception of international affairs is one of intense disillusionment. Through the novels, The Honourable Schoolboy and The Little Drummer Girl, Le Carre shows the reader that the world is devoid of a political ideology. In these novels, international affairs arise from the encounters between Smiley and Charlie and the raging forces of international affairs. These encounters resonate a sadness and empathy for the human condition. A few critics have labeled Le Carre's view of international politics as "baroque." With his character George Smiley, Le Carre holds a clean mirror to the face of the secret intelligence agency, illuminating a turmoil. George Smiley tries to uphold a degree of principles as does Charlie, but they are no match for the rising flood that pushes them toward losing their principles. Both Smiley and Charlie are the outsiders, who continually attempt to do the right thing. Since there have been many times duty to country or group beliefs have caused many atrocities, Le Carre makes clear that it is more important to have individual principles than any duty to anyone or anything. Through Smiley and Charlie, Le Carre shows how international affairs are demoralized and perilous."
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Albert Carr on Business Ethics, 2002.
This paper looks at Albert Carr's article "Is Business Bluffing Ethical?"
1,794 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The paper raises questions about Carr's thesis that it is intrinsic in the business world to stretch the truth and sometimes mislead buyers. Carr argues that there is an agreement among people in business that bluffing is accepted as part of the price of doing business and so cannot be considered lying. The writer explores this topic of how business ethics in advertising can remain profitable but also ethical.
From the Paper
"Carr presents his thesis in the form of an indirect argument, with his businessman friend serving to raise objections to which Carr provides answers. Carr says that the ethics of business are game ethics rather than religious ones, and his friend is not convinced, noting that he and his fellow business people pride themselves on their ethics, are loyal to customers and fair to suppliers, and otherwise completely ethical in their dealings. Carr assumes, however, that this man is inadvertently agreeing with him by saying he only lives up to the ethical standards of the business game, and he says this based on the fact that this same man "was allowing one of his products to be advertised in a way that made it sound a great deal better than it actually was" (Carr 244). Another product produced by his company had a "built-in obsolescence" so customers would have to repurchase sooner than they might like."
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Gloucester and Edmund, 2002.
A discussion of the subplot of Gloucester and Edmund in "King Lear" by William Shakespeare.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the play "King Lear" by William Shakespeare, a tragedy about the downfall of a powerful king and how his flawed judgement affected society at large. It shows how the subplot of Gloucester and Edmund is crucial to the play as Shakespeare has interwoven it as such that the main-plot can?t survive on its own. It examines how Edgar appears throughout Lear?s suffering and how the way that Edmund orders Lear and Cordelia?s death emphasizes how the two stories are inter-connected. The sub-plot intensifies the tragedy and highlights the important issues of the play such as natural order, filial ingratitude and self-knowledge.
From the Paper
"Filial ingratitude is one of the themes in the play and both Lear and Gloucester suffer from it. This occurs because they trust their manipulative children and drive their loyal children away. Cordelia is banished to France when she claims that she cannot, ? heave my heart into my mouth? and Edgar assumes the identity of Tom O? Bedlam after he is made a fugitive. Edmund, Goneril and Regan are surrounded with lies, greed and lust. However, Edmund is a bastard son and could be expected to be of a ?base nature?. He embraces his illegitimacy,? Thou Nature art my goddess?Now Gods stand up for bastards?. On the other hand, Goneril and Regan are both Lear?s legitimate daughters and their evil actions are not in their nature, they grow in evil as a result of Lear?s flawed judgement and claims that,? the best of his time hath been but rash?. This contrast in their children highlights the fact that Lear is a victim of his own nature whereas Gloucester is a victim of Edmund?s machinations."
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Edmund Morris' "Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan", 2005.
This paper is a critical analysis of Edmund Morris' "Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan", a wild revision of the biographical style combining both fiction and non-fiction.
2,085 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in Edmund Morris' "Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan", Morris introduces himself into the narrative both as a true eyewitness and as a fictional one, who is both older and more American than the authentic Morris and lives a life oddly paralleled to Reagan's life. The author points out that, while "Dutch" clearly is not a traditional biography, it adheres to the most important aspects of the fundamental biographical style in that it provides the reader with ample information about Reagan through the most significant moments of his life. The paper relates that Morris developed this style because, despite having been paid more than $2.9 million to write an official biography, Morris found himself deterred by a calculated silence on Reagan's part, which left the author grappling to find who Reagan really was as a man.
From the Paper
"Throughout the course of the book, Morris again and again refers to Reagan in physical form, noticing his "deep-chested" strength as a youth, his elegant aging as a 30-year-old actor, and his stiff comportment as a President. At times the descriptions slide into the sensual: "That hard, splendid body, those bruising arms and knees, the prickle of wet wool..." describes the young lifeguard Reagan. Later, "that quiet, palpable mass, at once majestic and unthreatening. It's not simply an aggregate of height and breadth....he [crowds] one's horizon." While these descriptions may seem to be the result of literary license, emphasizing the body rather than the man, they have the distinct effect of creating a character who is almost a paperboard cut-out. By focusing on the two-dimensional, this effect iterates the importance of Reagan's "acting" rather than his authentic "feeling"."
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Edmund Kemper - The Co-ed Killer, 2006.
A discussion regarding Edmund Kemper, commonly known as the Co-ed Killer.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of criminal justice. Specifically the paper discusses the juvenile offender Edmund Kemper also known as the Co-ed Killer. The paper takes a look at concepts of juvenile delinquency in relation to the justice system and how the system deals with juvenile offenders.
From the Paper
"The societal impact of Kemper's first release was deadly. Eight women including his mother died as a result, and more probably would have died had Kemper not turned himself in. He became notorious as a serial killer, and finally got the recognition he had so desperately needed from his mother. Throughout his life, his bizarre actions were a cry for help, and no one listened. His mother berated him, the justice system "cured" him and set him free, and the social workers ignored him. There were several different systems at play in Kemper's release, and they all combined to let him, and society, down. The societal impact to eight families was brutal, but what Kemper's case implied to society as a whole was much more important. If Kemper made it through the system and was released back to the very person who seemed to be the cause of most of his problems, how many other offenders had suffered the same fate, and were waiting to claim more victims? Ultimately, society pays for the digressions of the criminal justice system, in small ways, or in larger ones."
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Edmund Kemper, 2002.
A profile of seriel killer Edmund Kemper.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This is a five-page biography of serial killer Edmund Kemper. It details his childhood, adolescence and his criminal years, with an emphasis on his inner psychology and the influences of his family.
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Edmund Spenser and "The Faerie Queene", 2004.
A biography of the life and writing of the poet, Edmund Spenser, with a focus on "The Faerie Queene".
10,597 words (approx. 42.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 211.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the life of Edmund Spenser, who was viewed as a love and pastoral poet and also a classical author. It looks at how Spenser?s life ran almost identically to the Elizabethan Age, from his birth in a poor family in London to his religious and political views to his eventual move to Ireland, where he wrote his most famous piece, "The Faerie Queen". It discusses how "The Faerie Queen" contains six books and a fragment of a seventh and how, with each book, a virtue is introduced. A story then unfolds to explain how the hero of that particular book obtains the virtue as his ultimate prize. The focus of the paper is on Book One and the virtue of holiness, which was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth I. It shows how his use and skill with ancient language coupled with his creation, the Spenserian stanza, presents the reader with a delightful look at medieval England.
From the Paper
"When she finishes the story she starts to faint. The knight comforts her and vows to rescue her hero. They all leave together with the wise dwarf leading the way. Even though Una has been abandoned, misjudged, and betrayed by the man she loves she remains steadfast. She still loves him and wants to free him from his bondage by the giant. On a moral level here she still represents purity and truth. She has never wavered from either although her errant lover certainly has. On the religious level she represents the true church. She is forgiving and welcomes home the worst of sinners. On the historical level she is the Protestant Church."
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Edmund Kemper - The Co-ed Killer, 2007.
An analysis of the juvenile criminal justice system, focusing on the conviction of Edmund Kemper.
1,335 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the topic of criminal justice. Specifically it discusses the juvenile offender Edmund Kemper, also known as the Co-ed Killer. The paper analyzes concepts of juvenile delinquency and the justice system. It describes how the system deals with juvenile offenders and whether it is successful in rehabilitating offenders.
From the Paper
"The solutions to the problem of juvenile offenders are varied and difficult. Some juveniles seem to understand their actions and their ultimate danger to society, as Kemper did. Others seem unable to understand their violent tendencies or seek help for them. Once they are inside the criminal justice system, these offenders can fall by the wayside in the wake of other more serious offenders, or they can simply be pushed aside as caseloads and workers shortages take their toll on the system. In Kemper's case, the juvenile system let him and society down. They did not follow up on his accusations against his mother, or ensure that his release into society was going smoothly. Instead, they dropped the ball, and Kemper had free reign over himself. The CYA only kept Kemper for three months before they let him go, and clearly, that was not long enough. His treatment was not complete, and he dreaded his home life. The doctors should have been able to see that he was seriously disturbed, and might never be able to function normally in society. Ultimately, the solution is more studies into offenders such as Kemper, so that doctors and the criminal justice system have a better idea how to treat and restrain seriously mentally ill offenders."
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Emily Carr, 2002.
A biography of the life and work of the artist and writer Emily Carr.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 35.95
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This paper looks at the life and art of Emily Carr. The development of her craft through different phases, her thought processes, spirituality and influences are all studied to gain an understanding of her art and artistic stance. While she dabbled in pottery and worked as a cartoonist, the main focus of this research is on her paintings and writings.
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Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine, 2002.
This essay compares the political philosophy of Edmund Burke with that of his leading critic, Thomas Paine.
1,510 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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An essay which compares the political philosophy of Edmund Burke with that of his leading critic, Thomas Paine. It argues that Burke?s philosophy was less a reaction to the French Revolution than an idealization of the English constitution which was created for the purpose of disarming those in England who might have drawn upon revolutionary principles to foster change at home. Paine?s philosophy is distinguished from Burke?s chiefly by the fact that it takes a much more critical attitude to the past.
From the Paper
"Yet as praise for Burke?s philosophy seems detached from any particular enthusiasm for the late 18th-century English state, it seems that Burke?s political philosophy is routinely analyzed in a way that completely abstracts it from the political order it was intended to eulogize and exempt from further change. The problem with this abstract approach is that it bestows upon Burke?s philosophy the power to legitimize any political order simply because it has subsisted into a venerable old age. In other words, if the Third Reich had lasted a thousand years, it would also be entitled to similar esteem as the fruit of generations of human wisdom. It is hard, however, to see the genuine wisdom in a philosophy which blithely ratifies the past, without developing clear criteria to distinguish between the parts which might be allowed to continue to subsist without harm, and those which will only yield harm if left uncorrected."
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Edmund Spenser?s "Faerie Queen", 2005.
This paper discusses that, in Edmund Spenser's in Stanza 46 of Canto IX, Book One, of "Faerie Queen", the belief in fairies and other pagan elements co-exist with the Christian belief in God.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 57.95
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This paper explains that, although rooted firmly in the Christian religion, E. Spenser's "Faerie Queen" nevertheless contains frequent positive references, both explicit and implicit, to the pagan Goddess religions, which Christianity worked so hard to replace in the British Isles. The author points out that this assertion is supported not only by the actual imagery, metaphor and other poetic devices but also by Spenser's brilliant conception of time as something nonlinear, a dimension in which past and present mingle to create an imagined reality. The paper illustrates that the first two lines of stanza 46 incorporate a combination of pagan and Christian references: The word "goodly" was closely related to the word "godly"; the reader must think that this is a reference to a tree in the Garden of Eden, which is supported by the next line, which describes the fruit upon this tree as "apples, rosie red".
From the Paper
"First, however, it is necessary to give a very brief synopsis of the events that have transpired to this point. Redcrosse Knight has come through a series of terrible ordeals on his quest to free Una's parents from the prison of the evil dragon. (Una is the woman he loves.) Along the way, both she and he have come to death's door many times. What is striking about each of their rescues, however, is that although for the most part the savior comes in godly form (as in the Lion who protected Una until he himself was killed in for his efforts), the presence of Una -- who, at one point, is taken for a goddess by a group of "nature dwellers" (i.e. pagans) as she makes her way back to the Redcrosse Knight -- is a repeating theme of the old pagan religions. Put simply, Una is a goddess-figure who weaves through the text alongside other Christian themes (as well as other, more ambiguous, themes such as the "three sisters" who heal the Redcrosse Knight through resentence so he can continue on his quest to kill the dragon and free Una's parents)."
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The Limitation Of Revolution In The Eyes Of Edmund Burke, 1995.
An illustration of Edmund Burke's objections to the French Revolution. Using these arguments as a basis, his philosophy concerning the ultimately inherent failure of all revolutions is discussed.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"The Limitation of Revolution
Introduction
As a member of the House of Parliament, and heir to the traditions of English Common Law, Edmund Burke (1729-1793) may have seen the French Revolution as an alien and indifferent political force moving his times, disrupting what he knew to be a sure and comforting way of life. It is not odd that the language used in Reflections on the Revolution in France is full of pleas for sane behavior and references to English Parliamentary procedure, being connected to ancient and correct institutions. This paper shall illustrate Edmund Burke's objections to the French Revolution, and hence the limitations of all revolution that is not somehow linked with traditional rule (Beatty & Johnson, 1995)."
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