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The Informal Economy and African Women, 2002.
A look at the position of women in the informal economy of some African states.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the concept of the informal economy in African states in order to demonstrate how the people of Africa are working to survive outside of the traditional government- sanctioned economy. As women are those that are frequently most active in the informal economy, this paper specifically investigates the role of women in these informal economies.
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African Economy.
This paper discusses that the economic crisis in Africa is caused by issues of health, political instability, and democracy.
2,955 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that few regions of Africa have escaped the scourge of malaria and, especially, HIV/AIDS, which are causing severe havoc to the economy. The author points out that significant constraints to the growth in Africa are the low savings and investment and trade and current account deficits. The paper stresses that, to further the economic growth in Africa, restructuring reforms should be put into place, and the flight of capital should be prevented.
From the Paper
"There are a number of reasons why DDT has been phased out from use in the control of the malarial vector in South Africa. The lobbying of a number of environment conscious organizations is one of the reasons despite the success the insecticide displayed in saving of lives and preventing the disease and its spread in the developing countries. DDT may not be an ideal insecticide, but it does display several advantages over the insecticides available as an alternative and also has a track record that is proven. Despite the fact that a number of countries in Southern Africa still continue to use DDT in an effort to control the malaria vector The UNEP Governing Council has gone ahead and pressed for the banning of DDT and eleven other persistent organic pollutants - POPS. This potential banning threat as seen in the case of DDT displays a trend in which environmental pressure from mostly the developed countries thrusting standards upon the developing economies, where these standards are not accepted nor are they considered appropriate."
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Ghana's Economy, 2005.
An analysis of past and present features in Ghana's economy.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Ghana's economy. Subsistence agriculture continues to be the most important sector of this West African country's economic structure and more than half of the work force is employed in subsistence agriculture, and these small landholders and their employees account for approximately one-third of Ghana's gross domestic product. The paper shows that as it is well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa, yet despite this productivity, the Ghanaian economy remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance.
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African Americans and Native Africans, 2002.
A comparison of the different sub-cultures of the African American minority group in the United States.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and culture of the recent immigrants to the United States from Africa and the Caribbean. It details how these immigrants are labeled as "African Americans" and lumped into the same sub-culture as the veteran African American population of the United States since the slave-trade. These two population groups are compared for their manners, cultures and social norms. A history of African immigration to America is provided.
From the Paper
"The African Americans, or Black Americans as they are called, are the largest minority group in the United States, after the Hispanic Americans. This is a racial group whose ancestry is believed to be from the sub-Saharan Africa. However, there are some African Americans who claim to have their roots from the European immigrants, Native American or the Asians. In general the African American populations is usually referred to as Negroes, blacks and Afro-Americans. "
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African Poverty and the Bankruptcy of African Leadership, 2005.
Examines poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa and the failure of African leaders to enact strong economic and agricultural policies geared towards change in the region.
1,734 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that African leaders have contributed significantly to the growing problems of poverty in the Sub-Saharan African region by failing to address endemic problems of embezzlement, bribery, corruption, and nepotism. The paper also shows that many of these leaders are unable to institute effective economic and agricultural development policies geared towards uplifting the African people from their current state of poverty to that of self-reliance.
From the Paper
"From time to time, some parts of Africa are prone to drought, but this paper takes the position that drought constitutes a very negligible aspect of the problem of poverty in Africa. Technological innovation could be adopted to deal with the issue of drought as has been demonstrated in Israel. The core problem in Africa is bad government and poor management of the peoples' resources. Africa holds the majority of the world's natural resources, but the continent is suffering from a leadership crisis that is basically symptomatic of all the African states."
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Economy of Zimbabwe, 2007.
This paper discusses economic problems facing the country of Zimbabwe.
1,308 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that given its wide range of resources, it looks as if Zimbabwe should be able to support sustained economic growth, for it has a significant percentage of the world's known reserves of metallurgical-grade chromite, as well as mineral deposits that include coal, asbestos, copper, nickel, gold, platinum, and iron ore. Yet, the writer points out that this once prosperous nation now has an inflation that exceeds 1,000 percent, the majority of the population are unemployed and millions are starving, all of which makes Zimbabwe one of the world's more troubled countries. The writer concludes that with rich mineral assets, an educated workforce, and beautiful natural wonders, Zimbabwe seemed to have the best chance to be an African success story, however the land reform policies have devastated the country.
From the Paper
"Inflation is now so high that low-wage workers cannot afford to feed their families. For example, a unionized farm worker earns a minimum wage of $1.3 million Zimbabwean, or about $6 U.S. a month, which will buy a half a chicken and fries at a fast-food restaurant in Harare. Makumbe predicts that the population is being squeezed so dramatically by the collapse of the economy that there will soon be popular uprising against Mugabe. Most political analysts caution that even if Mugabe left power immediately, the recovery of Zimbabwe is going to be a long and difficult process because the very foundation of the economy has been destroyed. Moreover, it is now unclear who owns the farmland, which used to be Zimbabwe's most productive asset. This, together with the fact that the government has been frantically borrowing and printing money to pay its debts, a leading horary economist has noted that Zimbabwe's eventual reconstruction could take decades."
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Africa, 2006.
An analysis of the African economy.
2,453 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the economy of Africa. The paper begins by analyzing Africa's population, particularly in regards to the size of the country and the wealth of the individual. It then looks at the wealth of Africa, the land, and examines African economy and its growth. It discusses reasons for the level of the economy as it is today.
Table of Contents:
Bases of Wealth
The Gold Standard Is Tarnished
Is There Any Equilibrium In The African Economy?
African Economic Growth
Solution To The Problem
Supply And Demand
Development Through Oil
Reasons For Failure
Conclusion
From the Paper
"SAPs require liberalizing interest rates and increased government borrowing; in Africa, the oligopolistic banking sector causes higher interest rates. These are then coupled with an unstable political situation, monetary devaluation, and trade liberalization (often, a worsening of the balance of imports and exports), making the situation even worse. Trade liberalization fails because export markets are more competitive today than when the emerging Asian nations industrialized, making it more difficult to compete in exports. Since the Asian nations already specialize in low-cost labor-intensive goods, there is little room for African goods, forcing Africa to continue to rely on commodities."
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African Cultural Retention, 2008.
This paper explores the question: Are African Americans destroying African culture?
765 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that African culture retention is noticeable in many aspects of the American lifestyle. The author points out that the African heritage for U.S. blacks survived the vicious system of slavery, despite attempts to remove remnants of African culture from the slaves and to instill a European/white culture so that they could be more accepting of their situation. The paper relates that some distorted cultural practices such as violence, sometimes labeled as "African", are not even remotely related to any kind of link with the cultural diversity of the African continent. The author concludes that the issue of African cultural retention and the destruction of the African-American society is so intertwined that it is sometimes hard to examine them separately.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Tenets of African Culture In the United States
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The retention component has also been used to damage the influence of African culture; for example acts of violence or family structure, and or social interactions have sometimes been linked to the African culture, or the travesty of slavery, or even more so, the cultural practices in Africa concerning relationships, marriage, and relationships. Liberating African American cultural identity will show that the African influence or content of this identity, although not in a pure form, offers a significant amount of positive influences."
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Pan-Africanism, 2007.
A discussion on black African philosophy and Pan-Africanism.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Pan-Africanism is a philosophy or belief that African people have a common bond and share common objectives, aimed ultimately at unifying themselves on their own continent as a dignified race. It points out that the belief has pertained to all black Africans and their descendants in the African continent, including the non-Blacks, and later, those outside the continent. It explores their attempts at expressing a common African personality and coming together as a nation and as one race on their own continent, especially during the period between World War I and World War II.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Method
Summary of Findings and Conclusion
From the Paper
"This source describes Pan-Africanism as a socio-political viewpoint and movement for the unification and uplifting of all Africans within the African Continent and outside or those in African diaspora into one global community. It was first conceived of by Henry Sylvester Williams to cover Africans in the Continent and then later broadened to include those throughout the world. Pan-Africanism started in the West Indies, not Africa, and was coined by Williams for his 1900 Pan-African Congress. The leading and largest pan-African movement in the world is the UNIA-ACL organization, founded by Marcus Garvey, an Afro-Jamaican, in Kingston, Jamaica in 1912. His advocacy spread to the United States, specifically to Harlem, New York where he set up his headquarters in 1914. It re-examines African history from a pro-African perspective rather than from a pro-European's and restores traditional African concepts and culture. Other pan-African organizations are Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, Trans-Africa and the Internal Peoples Democratic Uhuru Movement. It is, however, criticized for ignoring or downplaying cultural and ethnic differences and socio-political circumstances among Black peoples worldwide."
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Wole Soyinka's "Myth, Literature and the African World", 1994.
This paper reviews Wole Soyinka's "Myth, Literature and the African World" on the importance of stories emphasizing African identity based on African experience without comparison to European experience.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The central theme of Wole Soyinka's "Myth, Literature and the African World" is that the most important myths and literature in Africa are those which allow Africans to understand and appreciate their lives and history without comparing it in some way to the European experience. Soyinka writes that his book is concerned with eliciting from history, mythology and literature, for the benefit of both genuine aliens and alienated Africans, a continuing process of self-apprehension whose temporary dislocation appears to have persuaded many of its non-existence or its irrelevance . . . in contemporary world reality.
In other words, Africans have let the European world convince them that their culture was somehow inferior to that of ... "
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Pan-Africanism, 2006.
This paper discusses the history and goals of the Pan-Africanism movement.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, during the 1900s, Africa had suffered from the repressive establishment of colonialism by European countries, racial discrimination, and slavery. The author points out that, in response to this oppression, the African people created a political and social movement called Pan-Africanism. The paper relates that one of the goals of this movement was to unite native Africans and those of African decent that were forced to leave Africa. The author cites that, in 1900, the first Pan-African conference was organized and American Dr. William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) Du Bois was selected as chairman. The paper states that, at the end of World War II, a new wave of Pan-Africanism was formed with, for the first time, a militant demand for complete independence instead of virtuous proposals. The author concludes that the Pan-African movement improved the standards of living for Africans and gave them more political and economic power.
From the Paper
"Another event that helped Pan-Africanism gain popularity was the Italian Fascist and occupation of Ethiopia between 1935 and 1941. Italy launched an invasion in Ethiopia, without any Ethiopian provocation in October 1935. Italy succeeded in overtaking Ethiopian towns and main roads. Ethiopians refused to surrender and fought back against the Italians. Italian leader, Benito Mussolini, ordered Italian troops to fight back using whatever measure necessary, including poison gas. The Ethiopians resisted giving up and the Italians were unable to defeat the Ethiopian Patriots."
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African Cultural Retention, 2008.
This paper argues that African cultures were retained in the US and that African cultures did and continue to impact the dominant U.S. culture.
1,040 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that it is inaccurate to assume that there are no discernible African cultures left in the USA and that, because of the relatively small numbers of slaves bought to such a large country, all traces of African cultures were destroyed. The author points out that enslaved Africans from the same areas tended to be geographically situated together in the U.S. so that they were able to retain aspects of their individual cultures. The paper relates that Sheila Walker takes issue with the notion that European settlers "built" the U.S. and then imported some African slaves to perform manual labor for them. The paper underscores that she believes that the slaves bought to the U.S. were not ignorant, unskilled laborers but rather slave traders deliberately sought out people with skills, which the U.S. needed to help build the country.
Table of Contents:
False Assumptions
The Arguments of Sheila Walker
From the Paper
"She also points out that Africans must have made a major contribution to American society, history and culture, given that they comprised the numerical majority for the duration of the modern history of the Americas, until 1820. For example, out of those coming to the USA in 1820, 3 out of 4 new arrivals were African, not European. With this kind of demographic weight, it follows that the contributions of African minds and cultural presence had to be an important ingredient in the very creation of the Americas. Walker also points out that Howard Dodson backs her up on this theory and that he believes that the transatlantic slave trade played a central, defining role in the making of the modern world."
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The African-American Identity, 2008.
An in-depth examination of the African-American identity.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the characteristics and identity of the African-American people. It argues that the moment at which the African-American nation came to be was that marking the initiation and implementation of the slave trade and it was this process which began to separate the histories of the African people and the African people transplanted to America. The paper explains that the experiences imposed by transition in America would create a new culture that, whether bred of acceptance or resistance, would represent a point at which no return to Africa could be genuinely expected and generations would be reared into American society under the machinations of slavery, and this very reality would be of greater relevance than any level of personal acceptance, whether that acceptance would have taken the shape of an abandonment of African cultural identifiers or of the outright acceptance of Christian worship. The writer concludes that it seems one must arrive at the resolution that the African-American identity began with the inception of the experience of the African people in America, characterized as it would be by racism, slavery, inequality and the triumphant and ongoing emergence from this shadow.
From the Paper
"The African American experience is one by label and by reality that is distinctly paradoxical. Forcibly relocated from the land of its heritage and perpetuated in a land which had first enslaved it, thereafter oppressed it and perpetually undermined it, the African American nation may not be readily identified either with Africa, from which it is now many hundred of years removed, nor with America, which had persisted for generations to disrupt any opportunities for the development of an independent American identity through physical, social and spiritual brutality. The result is, in retrospect, a culture which would come into definition in simultaneity with the introduction of slavery to the United States and which would develop according to the developments of slavery and abolition. Most of the references used to support this claim are drawn from primary sources, derived both from former slaves and from slavers."
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"Africa and Africans", 2006.
This paper reviews and critiques the overt generalizations in Paul Boahnnan and Philip Curtin's book "Africa and Africans," which was written to dispel certain myths about the African people and culture.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper focuses on the overtly condescending style of writing in "Africa and Africans' by Paul Boahnnan and Philip Curtin. An example of this style of writing can be seen by the fact that the authors blame the African people for their wasteful method of farming and the resulting food crisis. This paper details the manners in which the authors stereotype and over generalize in their description of African culture, art, society, religion and other lifestyle factors. The writer of this paper describes each chapter of the book and points out if and where the authors misrepresented certain facts. While the original intent of the authors was to dispel various myths of the African people and their culture, this paper proves why the opposite result was achieved.
From the Paper
"Chapter two reiterates American ignorance in the opening sentence, wherein the authors state, "Africa is a part of the world about which Americans and Europeans can no longer afford to be ignorant." Although ignorance surrounding this continent does indeed seem prevalent across the Western Hemisphere, it is a mistake to assume that all Americans and Europeans are ignorant. However, this chapter becomes less controversial as it evenly describes the actual land and its geographical compositions, instead of general and populous compositions. Still, it seems paradoxical that the authors, while writing in hostile undertones of American ignorance, admit that much of the continent is navigable, due to its swells and basins; hence, it seems that the ignorance is more widespread than the asserted limitations to Americans and Europeans."
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Consolidation Powers in African Governments, 2002.
An overview of the differing nature of power consolidation in various African countries and their impact on African politics.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the nature of power consolidation within the African countries of South Africa, Sierra Leon, Mali, Mozambique, Uganda, Zambia, and Kenya. By understanding the recent histories of the political institutions that are part of this general governmental strategy, we can see how they differ in policies that are part of the unity-based structures since the colonial demise that has commonly ruled them. The way they conduct government will be discussed, as well as the regimes that created these structures within the continent of African power and consolidation. By sectioning off the various countries in the study, we will be able to see how they differ and how they are changing the face of African politics today.
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