| Papers [1-15] of 22 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "ECONOMICS FORESTRY": |
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The Economics of Forestry, 2002.
A discussion of the economics of timber as the major product currently harvested from forests.
2,680 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 11 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the economic issues related to the timber industry. Opposing ideologies of economists and ecologists are presented. Areas discussed include a deforestation in industrialized and developing countries, analysis and management of timber production, and policy making. The writer concludes that economists and ecologists must work together to solve the problem.
From the Paper
"Timber is the major product currently harvested from forests. Timber is used in a variety of products ranging from houses to paper and paperboard products. Long ago it seemed as if the supply of wood from forests was abundant and as if there would always be enough to provide everything that we could possibly need. However, recently we have realized that this is not the case. Timber is a major source of income and has become necessary to sustain out life-style as we know it. There has been a clash of ideology between ecologists and economists. Ecologists point out that forests have many other benefits besides just providing timber and are quick to point out that we need them to reduce the level of green house gases and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Economists are equally as quick to point out that we need timber to sustain our economy and cannot just simply quit cutting the trees. Herein lies the dilemma, how do we continue to use forests to sustain a viable income and still ensure that this can continue into the future? The two sides of this issue have often met on violent terms."
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Forestry in the Circumpolar North, 2006.
This paper seeks to identify the main forestry issues facing the Circumpolar North at the beginning of the 21st century.
5,295 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 131.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the thin population and great wealth of natural resources, and how the Circumpolar North faces the 21st century with growing social and economic dislocations and increasing scientific concern with anthropogenic stresses on the environment and resources. The paper highlights that as a consequence, an emerging complexity of forestry issues are emanating from the threat of cultural dislocation and powerful socio-economic pressures impacting on local communities and regional and national groupings.
Introduction
Background
An Overview of Forestry Issues
Forestry and Social Issues in the International Context
Sustainable Development and Self-Determination
Health Issues-General Overview
Indigenous Health Issues
Education as a Social Issue
Conclusion-The Impacts of Change
Challenges Facing Arctic Communities
From the Paper
"Resource depletion in most of the fishing areas and in some of the reindeer herding districts in the Arctic has had a negative effect on local development. In addition, liberalization of national economies has led to the commercialization of herding and fishing rights, sometimes blocking access for local people. On the other hand, regulations aimed at securing access to resources for indigenous peoples have led to conflicts with non-indigenous community inhabitants. There are also conflicts between full-time and leisure-time users of the same resources."
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Sustainable Development of Forestry in Canada, 2006.
A look at whether Ontario, Canada is practicing sustainable development of forestry.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper notes that forests make up nearly a half of the Canadian landscape and that there are 24 billion cubic meters of wood in these forests. The paper further notes that half of these forest regions are considered productive, making forests are very important part of the Canadian economy. In fact, Canada exports 20% of the world forest products, which provides over 700,000 direct and indirect jobs, and is also the world leading exporter of pulp and paper, with almost a third of the market share. In light of this information and its relevance to the Canadian economy, this paper takes a look at whether Ontario is doing all that it should to practice sustainable development of forestry.
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Forestry Management Planning, 2006.
Questions and answers regarding forestry management planning.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and answers two questions. The first of these deals with carbon sequestration and whether or not Canada should use its boreal forests in pursuit of this aim. The second question discusses how a forest manager can best utilize her available budget to re-seed the areas falling under her jurisdiction. After some thought, the paper argues that a mix of aerial re-seeding and natural regeneration is the best way to go.
From the Paper
"Question 4: Whether or not the Boreal forest region of Canada should be used to sequester Carbon that Canadians emit into the Atmosphere. A: For one thing, the boreal forest region comprises 58 percent of Canada's landmass ("About Canada's Boreal", sec.2). That leaves only 42 percent of the rest of the country. Therefore, it seems logical to infer that whatever carbon dioxide the rest of the country can produce, the boreal region can effectively store it. Moreover, trees obviously store carbon as part of their own process of respiration, so this would policy of carbon sequestration would not impose an undue burden upon valuable wildlife (at least tree "wildlife" anyway)."
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Forestry Resources in Canada, 2008.
This paper examines the following statement: 'Forestry resources in Canada exist in great abundance but are poorly managed and should be exported in quantity.'
1,184 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canada has abundant forests that are poorly managed and exploited since they are regarded as a renewable resource. The paper relates that the most intensive exploitation of forests has emerged out of the demand for high exports. The paper shows that the proposal to export in quantity, therefore, would be an extremely destructive strategy, if not fatal approach. The paper asserts that an ecological approach has to be maintained because it is not only forests but forest ecosystems that are at stake.
From the Paper
"Almost one-half of Canada's surface area is comprised of forests, which provide one-fifth of the global demand for timber (Mitchell 267). While forest resources are abundant, they also are regarded as a renewable resource and have been exploited. Renewable was interpreted as inexhaustible so that forests were exploited intensively without concern for renewal potential. Abundance is a relative term, and forest resources cannot be available indefinitely unless the methods used to harvest them are radically altered. Currently, the attitude to forestry is to consider human needs in the short-term with no concern for the natural balance. Today, all aspects of the environment need to be considered in terms of ecology, and only an ecosystems approach is adequate for arriving at solutions to the issue of forest resource depletion. While it is true that Canada has abundant forests that are poorly managed, exporting in quantity is a contradiction."
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Canadian Forestry Resources, 2008.
This paper explores strategies to combat the forest resource depletion in Canada.
1,346 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Canadian forest ecosystems and resources are threatened because of intensive forestry operations, especially clear-cutting. The paper also looks at how forests have been poorly managed across Canada with some badly designed solutions to the problem of disappearing forest resources. The paper shows how the proposal to export in quantity is a very damaging one under present conditions. The paper is of the opinion that Canada's forest industry needs a new perspective based on balance and diversity, specifically, an ecosystems approach.
From the Paper
"Forestry resources in Canada a few decades ago were available in great abundance. These resources are poorly managed and definitely should not be exported in quantity. Forest covers nearly fifty percent of the total surface area are in Canada. These forests supply about one-fifth of the total world's demand for timber. Forest resources are seen as a renewable resource and they have been exploited. At the same way, forests have been seen as inexhaustible and therefore they have been exploited intensively. For decades, there has been no concern about how these resources might be renewed. Forest resources cannot be renewed and made available without any limits, at least not with present methods."
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Forestry as a Resource in Canada, 2001.
This paper examines the demands that are placed on Canada's forests.
2,490 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes forestry as one of Canada's most important natural resources and focuses on the questions whether or not Canada?s forest resources can supply the world?s increasing demand for wood and wood products in a sustainable manner and what effect it will have on the Canadian economy.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of the Resource
4. Key Processes and Relationships of the Resource
5. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Resource Demands
6. Factors Influencing Resource Demands
7. Resource Use Patterns and Management Systems
8. Biophysical, Social and Economic Impacts of Use
9. Use Sustainability.
From the Paper
" The social impacts from the use of forests as a resource are also of major concern. There are many groups in Canadian society whose interests in the forest are based more on long term rather than short-term economic considerations. Included among such groups are aboriginal people, nature based tourism operators, rural water users, ranchers, trappers, small business owners in forest based communities, wilderness users, scientists, artists, educators and future generations of Canadians (Draper, 1998). Governments are expected to manage forests for the long term to benefit all of these people. If this does not happen the implications for these groups of people will be catastrophic. Already land settlement claims are pervasive throughout Canadian courts as aboriginal people attempt to claim the land they require to maintain their culturally distinct lives. "
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The Norwegian Forest, 2007.
This paper discuses Norway's vast natural resources contained in its forestry industry.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Norway boasts some of the most ecologically diverse forest areas in the world and that the diversity of the topography creates prime locations for some of the most sensitive ecosystems. The author reviews Norway's five forest areas, which have been identified as being in need of management and conservation protection: Western Pine forests, Coastal rain forests, the Canyon and Humid Spruce forests, Northern Pine forests, and the Hemi-deciduous forests. The paper relates that, even though Norway has one of poorest records for ecological conservation of all the major forestry producing countries, it is not without protective legislation, for these resources such as The Forestry and Forest Protection Act, The Nature Conservation Act, and the Building and Planning Act.
Table of Contents
Review of Norway's Forests
Percentage of Land Coverage
Economic Impact of Norway's Forestry Industry
Economic Value
Exports
Primary Forestry
Secondary Forestry
Bio-Energy
Transportation
Norwegian Forestry Policies and Protection
The Forestry and Forest Protection Act
The Building and Planning Act
Norwegian Forest Restoration and Sustainability Plans
From the Paper
"The forestry industry in Norway is second only to the Norwegian fishing industry. Excluding petroleum exports, forestry products comprise 11 percent of the total exported value. In 1995, 6,180 people were employed by the lumber industry, 5,000 in forestry and another 9,000 in pulp and paper industries. These numbers would increase even more if transportation and other ancillary functions related to the timber industry were included in the employment statistics. The high degree, to which Norway relies on forestry and forestry related industries, opens the country up to vast amounts of international competition."
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Forest Management Planning, 2006.
A case study on forestry management in Ontario, Canada and the factors that make it difficult to protect the area's vulnerable natural resources.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses upon one small part of the on going problem of forestry management in Ontario. Specifically, this paper examines the economic factors which are constraining efforts to conserve and protect the province forests. In particular, the paper examines the international trade factors relations with the United States and international trade pressures which are preventing or at least distracting the province from putting forward a clear and comprehensive plan on forestry management.
From the Paper
"Suffice it to say, forestry management in Ontario has become increasingly important in recent years as the province's Crown Lands slowly give way to urban sprawl. But beyond the fact that effective forestry management can protect a vulnerable natural resource from (unnecessary) depredation, managing Ontario's Crown Lands is more complicated now than ever before because the world itself has grown more complicated. For example, trade relations with the United States are worse today than they have been for many decades. In addition, the rise of a global economy means that Canada can no longer take it for granted that there will be "easy" markets for its resource products."
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Canadian Forest Management, 2006.
This paper discusses how forest managers can save Canadian forests despite economic pressures.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 151.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer mentions that as metropolitan communities grow and as government budgets grow tighter the challenges of forestry management in Ontario have become enormous. The following paper discusses this matter by focusing explicitly upon the economic factors which make protecting Ontario natural forestland so daunting. To begin with, the paper reviews the domestic economic factors - new locations for urban businesses and the rise of mass production farming, to name but two - which are threatening the indigenous forests even as this paper is being written.
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Taxing the Timber Industry, 2007.
This paper explores proposed changes in policy for the forestry industry that would encourage sustainable development.
2,500 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that timber is not only an important economic commodity, it also plays an important role in the ability of the earth to sustain life on our planet. The forest is an integral part of the soil cycle, water cycle and the removal of carbon dioxide from our air, yet the timber industry involves removing these vital trees. The paper explores how taxation would be an effective means to accomplish the goals of sustainable development in the forestry industry. The paper uses the Georgia Pacific as a case study for the application of the proposed changes in policy.
Outline:
Introduction
General Information
Strategy
Costs
Possible Complications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The timber industry is not to blame for these problems. Many of the timber companies have an active program in place to assure that they are following proper management practices including reforestation. Many have policies regarding the use of sustainable management practices such as select cutting, rather than clear cutting stands (Georgia Pacific 2006). Georgia Pacific is one of the biggest timber companies in the world and stands as an industry leader in the forestry products sector of the market. This company is an industry leader and as such has an important role in setting an example for other companies to follow. They have a social responsibility to carry out their harvests using the most ethical methods possible."
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Economy of Chile, 2006.
A study in the economic growth of Chile.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the economy of Chile, concentrating on the reasons for its economic growth over the past fourteen years. The author asserts that the growth has been led by a boom in exports, concentrated primarily in products and processed natural resources, namely copper, fresh fruit, and forestry and fisheries. The paper then details how the export boom has been sparked by soaring investment, both foreign and domestic. The author also explains how both Chile's mix of products and markets for exports are becoming increasingly diversified.
From the Paper
"Open trade policies and a sensitivity to market needs have developed commodity and value-added exports with trading partners in the United States, Europe, and Asia over the past year. Chile steadfastly remains committed to free trade, lower barriers and open investment rules. The Chilean economy is clearly working well in a world economic system which no longer functions as it did. Yet, growth in Chile is based on the principle that one nation does not grow at the expense of another."
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History of Communism in Poland and its Fall, 2004.
An in-depth analysis into how Polish companies have reacted to ethical issues and changes in business standards since the fall of Communism in 1989.
19,289 words (approx. 77.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The dissertation looks at the history of communism in Poland and its fall. The dissertation then looks at the economy of Poland, the main natural resources, the economy under Communism, the centrally planned economy, and the economy after the fall of Communism. The dissertation then moves on to looking at the processes of marketization and stabilization in Poland and the macroeconomic indicators for the crucial 1990-1991 period. The privatization process in Poland follows, and the subsequent structure of the economy is analyzed. The main markets supporting the economy, i.e., fuels and energy, industry, agriculture, fishing and forestry, banking and finance, and foreign trade are examined. Once the economic history of Poland has been discussed and analyzed, the dissertation then moves to looking at how Polish companies have reacted to ethical issues and changes in business standards since the fall of communism in 1989. This takes the form of looking, principally, at what constitutes ethical business in Poland, how ethical business is regulated and monitored in Poland, how changes have been made so far in business ethics in Poland since the fall of Communism, and how these changes relate to changes over the same period at an international level. A discussion of the merits of entering into the EU, in terms of business ethics, is also provided.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1: Poland?s Economy Pre-Communism?s Fall
Section 1.1. Poland?s Natural Resources
Section 1.1.1. Minerals and Fuels
Section 1.1.2. Agricultural Resources
Section 1.1.3. Labor Force
Section 1.2. The Polish Economy Under Communism
Section 1.2.1. System Structure
Section 1.2.2. Development Strategy
Section 1.3. The Centrally-Planned Economy
Section 1.3.1. Establishing the Planning Formula
Section 1.3.2. Retrenchment and Adjustment in the 1960s
Section 1.3.3. Reliance on Technology in the 1970s
Section 1.3.4. Reform Failure in the 1980s
Chapter 2: Poland?s Economy After the Fall of Communism
Section 2.1. Poland After the Fall of Communism
Section 2.2. Fall of Communism
Section 2.3. Marketization and Stabilization
Section 2.3.1. Required Short-Term Changes
Section 2.3.2. The Shock Strategy
Section 2.3.3. Initial Results
Section 2.3.4. Long-Term Requirements
Section 2.4. Macroeconomic Indicators for 1990-91
Section 2.4.1. Price Increases
Section 2.4.2. Impact on Productivity and Wages
Section 2.4.3. Statistical Distortions
Section 2.4.4. Agricultural Imbalances
Section 2.4.5. Causes of Decline
Section 2.5.The Polish Post-Communism Privatization Process
Section 2.6. Structure of Poland?s Economy: Post-Communism
Section 2.6.1. Fuels and Energy
Section 2.6.2. Coal
Section 2.6.3. Oil and Gas
Section 2.6.4. Power Generation
Section 2.6.5. Industry
Section 2.6.6. Light Industry
Section 2.6.7. Automotive Industry
Section 2.6.8. Construction Machinery
Section 2.6.9. Banking and Finance
Section 2.7. The State Banking System
Section 2.8. Banking Reform, 1990-92
Section 2.8.1. Insurance and Securities Reform
Section 2.8.2. New Financial Institutions
Section 2.8.3. Foreign Loans and Money Supply
Section 2.8.4. Foreign Trade
Section 2.8.5. The Foreign Trade Mechanism
Section 2.9. Post-communist Policy Adjustments
Section 2.10. The Role of Currency Exchange
Section 2.11. Foreign Investment
Chapter 3: Business Ethics in Poland
Section 3.1. Introduction
Section 3.2. What is Meant (and Understood) by the Term ?Business Ethics? in Poland?
Section 3.3. Developing Standards of Business Ethics in Poland
Section 3.3.1. The Polish Transition
Section 3.3.2. Difficulties in Adjusting
Section 3.3.3. Identifying the Problem: Polish Chamber Survey Results
Section 3.3.4. Setting Ethical Standards
Section 3.3.5. Letting Market Forces Work
Section 3.3.6. The Highlights from the Polish Chamber's Sample Code of Ethics
Section 3.3.7. Western Aid In Fighting Corruption
Chapter 4: Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Poland's climate features moderate temperatures and adequate rainfall that enable cultivation of most temperate-zone crops, including all the major grains, several industrial crops, and several varieties of fruit (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm). Crops are distributed according to the substantial regional variations in soil and length of growing season (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm). The sandy soils of the central plains are most suitable for rye, the richer soil in the south favors wheat and barley, and the poorer soil of the north is used for oats (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm). All parts of Poland favor potato cultivation; sugar beets, the most important industrial crop, grow mainly in the west and southeast (www.countrystudies.us/poland.htm)."
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Destruction of Rainforests, 2008.
This paper discusses the environmental problem of the destruction of the rainforests.
1,046 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the destruction of the tropical rainforests is one of the biggest global environmental problems that one faces today. Although the rainforests are 'local' and confined to certain areas of the world, their destruction is, nevertheless, a global problem, and this is so for several reasons. The writer explains that first, the rainforests are the lungs of the planet. They absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Rainforests are also sinks, storage reservoirs of natural substances, in particular of carbon. Finally, the writer notes that rainforests are the only habitats of literally thousands and thousands of plant and animal species. The writer discusses that mist developing countries are attempting to improve and develop their economies and deal with population growth and the rainforests represent valuable natural resources and opportunities for export and foreign revenues. The writer concludes that deforestation can be fought by taking into consideration a broad range of issues and applying a broad range of policies and the sustainable management of forestry as well as agriculture. Further more conservation targets must be set, not just for the rainforests but also for the protection of the species diversity they contain.
From the Paper
"Industrial development is also the reason for deforestation in the Amazon, as the region contains mineral deposits of gold, diamonds and other minerals as well a huge supply of fresh water that could potentially supply much hydroelectric energy. Mining is an environmentally devastating economy in itself and requires additional clearing for road or rail development in order to transport the mined minerals. A cattle ranching is also a source of deforestation exclusive to Latin America, although according to Myers it has been on the decrease. One of the ways to deal with deforestation in the Amazon is to focus on more sustainable means of agriculture and less destructive logging methods as well as reforestation. Extractive reserve is an example given by Chasmer and Perry-Globa, (1998) for a way for more sustainable economic development of the Amazon. Rubber tappers collect small amounts of latex from rubber trees each day, which they sell. The trees are not destroyed. These activities can be extended to other forest products in the Amazon: nuts, fruits and vegetables. However, the biggest problem with preserving the rainforest I countries such as Brazil is the fact that these countries must balance conservation with the need for economic development and foreign capital."
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Philippine Environmental Governance, 2008.
An examination of Philippine politics with regards to public administration in the realm of environmental policy.
4,765 words (approx. 19.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 122.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of the participatory approach in Philippine environmental governance, specifically in the forestry sector. The paper argues that power politics has been central to the practice of public administration in the Philippines and holds that public administration is often motivated by self-centered ends and not public interest. The paper concludes that participatory mechanisms are quintessential to insulate public administration from the negative impact of power politics and to provide a legitimate and counter-veiling force to fulfill its normative role.
Outline:
Introduction
Power and Institutions
Intergovernmental Relations: Bargaining and Negotiating
Forest Policies and Participation
Context and Problems
Centrality of Politics, Institutions, and Participation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Even as Philippine decentralization is much younger than the American federal experience, it has much to learn from it in terms of intergovernmental collaboration specifically implementation mechanism between the national line agencies and the local government units, which has yet to demonstrate good practices. In the area of environmental governance for example, much of "open access" forestlands in the Philippines have been jurisdictionally devolved to local government units from the Department of Environment and Natural Resources by way of Republic Act 7160, other wise known as the Local Government Code and implementing mechanism under DAO 30:1990, and except for declared protected areas under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS). This poses both a problem and an opportunity here depending upon the action that government takes and other stakeholders to make the existing mechanism of environmental governance work. Thus, recent focus of ECOGOV2, a USAID funded project seeks to intervene into providing a collaborative framework among government, citizens, civil society, and private sector into closing open-access areas through some form viable instruments. Using the lens and focus of institutionalism, power and intergovernmental collaboration, Philippine forest policies and environmental experience shall be explored and analyzed verifying assertions earlier made. It becomes crucial then to verify the present context of the problem, and see how institutionalized power and political interest have shaped forest policies in the Philippines and explain how power is at play in institutions and may be the problem as it they can be solutions. Participation and reality of intergovernmental relations between the national and local government is also core to understanding and making things work in the protection and conservation of Philippine forests and biodiversity."
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