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Sub-Saharan Africa Economics, 2007.
This paper looks at world trade policies and restricted market access by developed nations as a cause of marginalization in global trade of Sub-Saharan Africa economies.
11,823 words (approx. 47.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 229.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how world trade policies have caused a marginalization in global trade in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) economies. The paper begins by examining the official World Trade Organization (WTO) and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) economic policies with regard to SSA. Next, the paper examines the implications of world trade policies. Then the paper discusses how foreign aid, whether in the form of charitable aid or foreign investment in SSA economies, impacts the production capability of SSA countries. Finally, the paper examines the progress made by SSA nations, the developed world, WTO, and GATT to assist SSA nations in their efforts to fairly share in the global economy. After discussing the cause of the economic problems faced by SSA countries as a result of world trade policies, the paper then proposes several solutions to those problems. The paper suggests ways that the developed world can help SSA nations take their places in the global economy. More importantly, the paper suggests ways in which the SSA nations can take control of their developing economies and become competitive in the global market. Finally, the writer maintains that diversifying the economic base for individual SSA nations, as well at the region in general, should lead to greater economic stability and competitiveness.
Contents:
Introduction
Discussion
Poverty in SSA
Official WTO Policy
Economic Subsidies
Tariffs
Non-tariff Barriers to Trade
Dumping
Foreign Aid
The Downside of Trade Liberalization
HIV/AIDS
Progress
Recommendations
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Anyone with even a passing familiarity with the global economy is aware that SSA countries, despite their abundant human and natural resources, have not taken a competitive position in the global economy. While the casual observer may believe that SSA's failure to be competitive in the global economy is a result of the interior workings of the economies of those SSA nations, even a cursory investigation into world trade policies quickly reveals a bias against the growth of economies. For example, many of the trade policies established by the WTO under GATT guidelines inhibit true economic growth in SSA economies. Furthermore, those trade policies have helped shape the economic infrastructure of SSA nations, in such a manner that those countries actually maintain policies that inhibit their own economic growth."
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Economic Development in South Africa, 2005.
An analysis of economic strategy and development for poor countries, particularly South Africa.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the best economic strategy for poor countries to develop and applies this to South Africa. The paper notes the need for an infrastructure and for foreign investment from multinational enterprises in particular, with South Africa having to overcome the economic damage done by the long-term and now abandoned policy of apartheid, which contributed to the high unemployment and poverty facing the country.
From the Paper
"Economic development is a subject of study in the West and a vital necessity for the poor countries of the world. Technology is identified as one of the four key elements for a country to generate a higher standard of living, along with natural resources, capital, and a skilled workforce. Emerging nations today can take full advantage of the technological developments that have been made by developed nations (Mobius 37). A country like South Africa has particular difficulty today because of the long neglect of proper development during the decades of apartheid, when racial divisions created a lopsided economic system where whites benefited and blacks did not."
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Four Papers in Economics, 2003.
Presents four papers on economics.
6,900 words (approx. 27.6 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper includes four essays on economics: globalization of agriculture, food production and the logistics of distribution; globalization conflicts, economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa, and U.S. technological development. The paper discusses conflict issues as a result of globalization and the importance of resolving these issues.
From the Paper
"The world has become an increasingly globalized community in which agriculture ,food production and the location and distribution of vital resources is a key concern ..."
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Bureaucracy and Economics, 2007.
An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the bureaucratic system as it is relates to economics.
829 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the situation in sub-Saharan Africa, Bangladesh and illustrates the consequences of bureaucratic corruption. The paper shows how this results in poverty and in the growth of the country's economy being greatly deterred. The paper concludes that a bureaucratic system that is not corrupt has much to offer a country, while a corrupt bureaucracy drains the country of growth potential and hope.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Sub-Saharan Africa Bureaucratic Corruption
Blackburn and Forgues-Puccio
Results of Bureaucratic Corruption in Bangladesh
Empirical Studies
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the Nigerian Village Square article entitled: "The Effects of Bureaucratic Corruption on Economic Development: The Case of Sub-Saharan Africa" examined are "the incidence and causes of bureaucratic corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa" and the results or consequences on "economic development" in that area of Africa. Stated to be results of that corruption are "underdeveloped human and natural resources, extremely low levels of productivity, inability to attract and sustain direct foreign investment, continuous mismatch of capital and needs, and deplorable infrastructures. (Klitgaard, 1990; as cited by Ifediora, 2005)"
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African Economy.
This paper discusses that the economic crisis in Africa is caused by issues of health, political instability, and democracy.
2,955 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that few regions of Africa have escaped the scourge of malaria and, especially, HIV/AIDS, which are causing severe havoc to the economy. The author points out that significant constraints to the growth in Africa are the low savings and investment and trade and current account deficits. The paper stresses that, to further the economic growth in Africa, restructuring reforms should be put into place, and the flight of capital should be prevented.
From the Paper
"There are a number of reasons why DDT has been phased out from use in the control of the malarial vector in South Africa. The lobbying of a number of environment conscious organizations is one of the reasons despite the success the insecticide displayed in saving of lives and preventing the disease and its spread in the developing countries. DDT may not be an ideal insecticide, but it does display several advantages over the insecticides available as an alternative and also has a track record that is proven. Despite the fact that a number of countries in Southern Africa still continue to use DDT in an effort to control the malaria vector The UNEP Governing Council has gone ahead and pressed for the banning of DDT and eleven other persistent organic pollutants - POPS. This potential banning threat as seen in the case of DDT displays a trend in which environmental pressure from mostly the developed countries thrusting standards upon the developing economies, where these standards are not accepted nor are they considered appropriate."
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The Scramble for Africa, 2006.
A paper explaining the economic impetus for the partitioning of Africa.
2,584 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why the European powers decided to parcel out among themselves the continent of Africa and, in particular, West Africa. The paper explains that there were a number of factors that led to the partitioning of Africa including economic reasons, the ending of the "old" relationship between Europe and Africa, and the changing attitudes toward slavery. The paper also looks at the political reasons for the partition and explains that all these changes combined caused the peoples of West Africa to lose their place in the world's economic community and submit to change that ultimately denied them their right to self-determination and dignity.
From the Paper
"The stamping out of the West African Slave Trade by the Royal Navy was only the first step in a sweeping reordering of the Native West African World. Though eventually the entire continent was to be affected by British anti-slavery policies, West Africa was among the first and hardest hit. Many Native kings derived a large part of their wealth from the Trade. They were willing participants in an exchange that formed the basis of their states' economies. Ashanti and Dahomey are two examples of powerful West African kingdoms that attempted to preserve their traditional sources of revenue and life-ways."
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Chad, Africa., 2002.
This paper describes the geography, government, climate, culture, food, and economics of Chad - an extremely underdeveloped country in Africa.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines its political history. The author addresses some of the current problems facing Chad. The paper points out how the geography of the country impacts its development.
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Imperial Expansion in Africa, 2002.
A look at the economic impact of the imperial expansion into Africa.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper is on "Imperial Expansion in Africa". It argues against the statement, which is "The great outburst of imperial expansion at the end of the 19th century was the product of great power rivalry and not of economic necessity", this statement has been disparate because the economics had everything to do with the expansion of empires into Africa, not power. It analyzes the topic with evidence and explores whether the historians used original material or have they rehashed things from other writers?
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Labor and Industrial Relations in South Africa, 2008.
A discussion of the impact of the unique political and socio-economic situation in South Africa on labor relations and human resource management.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how South Africa's unique cultural, socio-economic, and political situation imposes difficult challenges for labor relations and human resource management. The paper explains that since the end of apartheid, the country has faced the problem of how to bring about substantive equality, including economic equality. The paper then looks at how the new South African government eschewed the redistribution approach, and instead opted to implement systematic and sometimes extreme forms of affirmative action. The paper also points out that a good example of the affirmative action policies the new South African government put in place is the Black Economic Empowerment initiative (BEE), which was established with the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2004. The writer believes that this initiative is a good one from a human rights perspective. However, from a human resources point of view, the challenge of this situation must be that artificially speeding up the promotion of people who have been systematically denied good education for so long, creates a danger that under-qualified people will be in management positions. The paper concludes that the problem of providing adequate training for people who have for so long been excluded from management positions is likely the biggest current problem facing human resources managers, as South Africa continues to change towards becoming a normal society.
From the Paper
"However, despite such descriptions, this initiative does primarily aim to improve the economic lot of blacks - given that it is they who suffer most from inequality. It does this with measures such as legislation and regulation, which aim among other things to put more blacks in management. For example, there is the balanced scorecard, which assesses whether there is sufficient black ownership of companies, sufficient black senior management, sufficient black human resource development and employment equity, etc. These factors are imposed as codes on state bodies, public companies and foreign investment companies. How well companies do on the score card affects vital economic factors, such as whether they are awarded contracts (Alexander, 2004)."
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Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims in East Africa, 2001.
This paper traces the socio-economic and political issues throughout history encountered by the Shia Imami Muslims in East Africa.
4,667 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslim community which prospered greatly in East Africa, due to its distinct socio-economic and political structure and issues that distinguished it not only from other Indians, but also from other Muslim communities. It shows that their prosperity was also due to the guidance of their leader, the Aga Khan, who also helped them overcome the socio-economic and political issues they encountered as members of East African society.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Brief history & Background of Ismaili Muslims
Migration of Ismailis from India to East Africa
Internal Conflicts within the Ismaili Community
Differences between Nizari Muslims and other Muslims in East Africa
Conflicts within the society as the Aga Khan tries to modernize his community
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Indian merchants have visited East Africa for almost two thousand years to trade ivory, rubber, cattle, goats, grain, copra, gum, copal, hides, and horses. The majority of the Indians settled there today, however, began to emigrate from India during the early nineteenth century during the reign of Said bin Sultan. Said was the ruler of Muscat, who inherited sovereignty over Zanzibar and parts of the African coast, and took this opportunity to develop foreign trade in his dominions. In order to do so, when his capital transferred form Muscat to Zanzibar, he encouraged the immigration of Asian traders to Zanzibar, and also took some Indian advisers with him. He gave them "complete religious, social, and economic freedom." At the time, and probably for generations before it, banking, commerce, and even small retail on the African coast were run by Indians, causing the colony to flourish and grow. Emigration increased significantly between 1840 and the 1870s, and amongst the Indians were also Nizari Khojas (Shia Imami Ismaili Muslims). Though they encountered obstacles on the way, the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslim community prospered greatly in East Africa, mostly because of its distinct socio-economic and political structure and issues that distinguished it not only from other Indians, but also from other Muslim communities. Their prosperity was also due to the guidance of their leader, the Aga Khan, who also helped them overcome the socio-economic and political issues they encountered as members of East African society."
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The Economic Impact of Apartheid, 2004.
Studies the economic impact of Apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1991.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the economic impact of apartheid in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. It looks at post war economic problems and the rise of the National Party, its ruthless enforcement of apartheid and South Africa as one of the most unequal countries in the world.
From the Paper
"This sent shock waves through the white community particularly among white South Africans in the lowest economic strata who feared that companies would replace them with lower wage earning Black workers. This resulted in a knee jerk reaction among the all-white electorate. According to Stephen Lewis this reaction resulted in the surprise election victory ..."
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Sub-Saharan Africa, 2006.
A discussion regarding the natural resources, foreign assistance, culture, non-governmental organizations and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.
4,397 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 75 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This research paper explores the determining factors of growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by examining the increasingly dominant role of financial assistance, natural resources, culture and non governmental organizations in selected countries of the region. To understand this relationship better, the paper makes a comparison between economic policies, cultural variations and political systems of selected countries. The countries this study reviews are Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Tanzania, Uganda and Sierra Leone.
Outline:
Methodology
Objective
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Previous Work and Literature
Economy Openness
Culture
Foreign Assistance
The Role of NGOs
From the Paper
"Countries rich in resources must be tempted to promote their export growing policies, which will increase economy openness and exposure to external shocks even to a higher degree. The country will improve its' international competitive position if it promotes exports and trade by investing heavily into this economy sphere. The second round positive result from promoting exports and trade is the future possible exploitation of economies of scale in production when the output sales markets for the producers expand. The third round positive affect is that the producers will naturally eliminate inefficient production facilities and invest into high technology and train and grow skilled labor resources to remain competitive in the global arena. These are the main reasons for opening up the economy and playing on the global market arena, and are very effective economy stimulating methods for economies with low local purchasing power and thus limited local output markets, which are the classifications of African counties, as proven by Fosu . "Open economies do grow more rapidly than closed economies... Whether the measure of openness has to do with exchange rate overvaluation, relative price distortions, tariffs and quotas, share of trade in GDP, the black market premium, or a composite measure combining some of these with state monopolization of commodity exports and general socialism" (Easterly, 2000, p. 48) . "
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Western Policy Toward Africa, 1999.
Examines the policies of the U.S., France and Great Britain. Discusses the history, politics, economics and focuses on the shortcomings.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Most of sub-Saharan Africa has long been identified as part of the so-called Third World as far as economic and political development are concerned. Most of the continent was also exploited by different colonial powers during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and into the twentieth centuries. Indeed, the placement of these countries in the category of Third World nations is in part a reflection of the stunted development caused by the colonial experience.
From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Most of sub-Saharan Africa has long been identified as part of the so-called Third World as far as economic and political development are concerned. Most of the continent was also exploited by different colonial powers during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and into the twentieth centuries. Indeed, the placement of these countries in the category of Third World nations is in part a reflection of the stunted development caused by the colonial experience. That experience continues to shape relations between Africa and the West both as to how Africa responds to external influences and how those influences are brought to bar through the foreign policy decisions of the West. Britain and France were colonial powers with colonies in Africa, and each has maintained interests on the continent and have ..."
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AIDS in Africa: Mother to child transmission, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of mother to child transmission of AIDS in Africa, focusing specifically on South Africa.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how AIDS is the most virulent disease even known to affect humanity, and Africa has been particularly hard hit. This paper examines this pandemic in terms of its incidence and its epidemiological profile. The paper focuses on Africa and more specifically on sub-Saharan Africa. In addition this paper pays special attention to the interesting case of South Africa and the crucial subject of mother to child transmission.
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Cameroon: Unity through Economic and Social Problems, 2008.
A study of the social and economic crises in Cameroon since its independence.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the economic and social problems faced by the Republic of Cameroon, a relatively young independent country of central west Africa. The paper points out that Cameroon achieved its independence from France and Britain in 1960 and quickly unified into one republic from the separate territories controlled by both France and Britain. The paper posits that because Cameroon is extremely diverse, both culturally and demographically, some would assume that having numerous people groups would hinder the progress of unification in such a developing country. However, despite recent social and economic crises, the people of Cameroon have been able to tolerate the many cultural differences present, and have dealt with a less than desirable economy and a growing AIDS epidemic in a respectable manner. The paper concludes that, despite the problem of ethnic fragmentation and regional divisions spawned by a colonial history, the many ethnic groups overcame a civil war and re-united to grow one of the best economies in sub-Saharan Africa.
From the Paper
"As noted, from the time that Cameroon declared independence from the colonial rule of the French and British, there has been a seemingly never ending line of economic problems, but, Cameroon's independence began with economic success. Although the economy relied heavily on the exporting of agricultural products such as cocoa, coffee, bananas and palm oil, and remained very dependent on French capital, the economy thrived. The role of the French was still clear in much of Cameroon's economic transactions; nearly 60 percent of Cameroon's exports were to the French, and 55 percent of the imported products were from France. This beneficial partnership allowed Cameroon to be known as a success story in light of the rest of the continent's development, and boasted the title of the most prosperous country in Africa (Konings 248)."
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