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Economic Problems and Policies in Modern China, 2006.
A discussion of the Chinese economy and the history that molded it.
3,765 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that in order to understand the economic problems in modern China, it is important to first have a fundamental understanding about this country, and a sense of its historical background. This background information is discussed in detail. The writer shows how the rise of the Cultural Revolution ultimately caused a rise in the Chinese economy. In conclusion, the writer states that today the Chinese economy stands on an even keel with European countries and America.
Table of Contents:
China - The Country and its Location in the World Map
China - Its Administrative Set up
China- Its Climatic and Animal and Natural Habitation
What is the Cultural Revolution?
An Analysis of the Cultural Revolution
After the Cultural Revolution
Economic Policies and Changes After the Cultural Movement
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It was at this juncture that Mao called the Army led by Lin Biao to step in on behalf of the Red Guard. When the Army came in it resulted in a division between the military and tensions come to the forefront when Chen Zaido a Military Commander arrested two key radical party leaders. In 1968, after several cycles of radicalism Mao decided to rebuild the Communist Party to gain greater control. Military was sent in to take control of schools, factories and government agencies and this act forced many millions of Red Guard to move to rural lands to pursue their activity. This also had an effect of scattering the Red Guard and also brought some order into the urban cities. In August of 1968, when the Soviet invaded Czechoslovakia, China began to feel greatly unsecured which added to Mao's confused thinking and disillusionment.
"In the 12th Plenum of the Eight Central Committee where the point of who would inherit political power became a central issue in Chinese politics the question of who will be a successor to Mao came up. At the Ninth Party Congress meeting convened in April 1969 Defense Minister Lin Biao was officially designated Mao's successor. With this the military tightened its grip over the Chinese society. This made the entire committee and Party to be completed dominated by Military men in uniform.
"Sino Soviet Border clashes in 1969 paved the way for a martial law in China when Lin took full advantage of the situation. It was during this time several communist leaders died and many suffered moral turpitude during this upheaval. Lin was an aggressive personality and wanted power and slowly Mao began to feel his pulse the wrong way and began to work against Lin. Premier Zhou Enlai joined Mao in this venture and endeavor and Mao's wife Jiang Qing also joined in the fray. But Mao's trusted assistant Deng decided to support Lin. This break up caused many a problem within the party set up and even though many measures were taken to bring back normalcy to China in 1979-71 it could not be accomplished."
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Modern-Day China, 2003.
Discusses the political and economic developments in modern-day China as they relate to its past and present conditions as a world power.
5,348 words (approx. 21.4 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
The pace of economic and political change in China has been very rapid, for both have shifted into what seems to be an ongoing expansion into a capitalist system. This paper shows that, since the early reforms, a new class of wealthy and prosperous Chinese has emerged, not to mention the great growth of the Chinese middle class, which is now comparable to that in the United States. By exploring some aspects of its long and violent past, especially those that took place in the later years of the 20th century, the paper shows how China has also changed from a socialist society that restricted private lives and affairs to a consumer society with increased economic freedom and individual participation.
From the Paper
"Beginning in 1964, China secretly initiated a crash industrialization program that was originally intended as a backup for any kind of military strike by the United States or the Soviet Union. Because much of China?s industry was then concentrated on the Pacific coast, the leaders endorsed a highly-centralized investment plan to erect new industrial facilities in remote regions of the country. By 1971, this military-industrial program absorbed the majority of China?s investments and eventually relocated existing factories from the coast and created a heavy industrial system that was able to produce every conceivable piece of military equipment. Surprisingly, the turmoil associated with the Cultural Revolution did not highly affect this industrial program, for in reality, it surged ahead by starting ?many projects before the planning was complete and scattering many new facilities in remote valleys to protect them from air attack? (Hsu 184)."
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Nationalism in Early Modern China, 2002.
An examination of the transformation from Han Nationalism to Republicanism in early modern China.
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the development of nationalism in modern China, from the Han response to the Qing government to anti-imperialist agitation and republicanism under the guidance of Sun Yatsen. It looks briefly at the New Culture Movement and the role of secret societies such as the Tongmeng hui.
From the paper:
"Nationalism has been a defining ideology in the creation of Modern China, promoted at first by a series of secret societies, and later by both the Guomingdang and the Chinese Communist Party to achieve different ends. It was central to the early student movements, and the May Fourth Movement, and nationalism was the first of Sun Yatsen?s Three Principles of the People. In its early stages, Chinese nationalism was based on ethnic and racial identity, and centered on Han identity, however over time the significance of ethnic identity has decreased. Foreign influence in the conceptualization of Chinese nationalism has been problematic to developing a clear understanding of the movement; despite this, nationalism developed in a particularly Chinese manner."
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Women in Modern China, 2005.
This paper examines literature about women in modern China.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that "Stones of the Jingwei Bird" and "New Year Sacrifice" offer fascinating insights into the lives of women in modern China. The author points out that the "In the Wine Shop" and "Xiaoxiao" explore different aspects of gender in China from a wider cultural perspective. The paper relates that "Once upon a Time" and "The Night of the Mid-Autumn Festival" complemented these first four works by expanding the thematic discussion of gender and presenting characters faced with different challenges.
From the Paper
"In discussing the works we read for class and examining their meaning, it should be noted that "Excerpts from Stones of the Jingwei Bird" and "New Year's Sacrifice" offered fascinating insights into the lives of women in modern China, while "In the Wine Shop" and "Xiaoxiao" explored different aspects of gender in China from a wider cultural perspective. "Once Upon a Time" and "The Night of the Mid-Autumn Festival" complemented these first four works by expanding the thematic discussion of gender and presenting characters faced with different challenges."
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Culture in Modern China, 2002.
Historical effects of culture in modern China.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper traces how history, geography, religion, war, and other factors shaped the culture of Modern China.
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"Deng Xiaoping and the Making of Modern China", 2002.
This paper is a review of the biography, "Deng Xiaoping and the Making of Modern China", by Richard Evans.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the biography of Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zedong?s successor, as the leader of Communist China. Its main focus is on the differences between Deng and Mao, especially Deng?s reforms which began China?s move towards free enterprise.
From the Paper
"Richard Evan?s biography on Mao Zedong?s successor as the paramount leader of the People?s Republic of China is a critical evaluation of Deng Xiaoping?s political career in the Chinese Communist Party. Mostly just telling the story of his life as it is (based on facts obtained from previous books on China and the CCP, government sources, and interviews with communist officials), Evans? own opinions inevitably come out in the narrative. Throughout the book, Evans indirectly declares his admiration for Deng Xiaoping. He especially praises his contributions to the Chinese economy and living standards, and to China?s current standing in the international political arena. Evans also compares Deng to Mao Zedong on several points, in each case revealing Deng?s contrast to be the better side (which contributed to Deng?s greater popularity over Mao?s once Deng had been in charge for a short while). This contrast of personalities and beliefs is to me the strongest message which this book proclaims."
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Jonathan Spence's "The Search for Modern China", 1999.
How Jonathan Spence details the limiting effect of China's past upon present China. Spence concludes that China is engaged in a quest for stability and modernity.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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From the Paper
"That the history of China, though noteworthy and varied throughout the centuries, remains unknown to most Westerners, especially relative to American and European history, reflects the Chinese experience of uniqueness and isolation from the West. No country remains unblighted by turmoil and tragedy, and to that extent, the West and China are similar. However, China?s history is particularly marked by tragedy and turmoil, and consequently, by a quest for stability. "
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The Youth of Modern China, 2002.
An overview of the culture of Chinese youth in contemporary China.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This essay provides an historical discussion of the influences of Mao's reforms and how these reforms played a significant role in creating a culture of youth in Modern China.
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A Comparative Analysis of Modernization in China and Japan, 2006.
A discussion of Barrington Moore's book comparing modernization efforts in Japan and China entitled "Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World."
1,816 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and analyzes Barrington Moore's book about Japanese political leaders and why they were able to launch a successful modernization effort nearly a century earlier than political leaders in China. The paper explains that Moore does this by comparing and contrasting the ideological, social and political histories of the two countries and then, in greater detail, discusses those comparisons.
From the Paper
"In China, an upper class consisting of scholar-officials and landlords wielded considerable influence. The system of examinations by which individuals acquired imperial posts produced an elite group of classically educated men who used their government positions to increase their families' wealth and land holdings. The means of wealth acquisition were less than legal in most cases, but graft was socially acceptable though illicit. Chinese motivation for development of personal wealth reflected in large part the patrilineal lineage mechanism in place. For the benefit of his family, then, the Chinese scholar used his power to accumulate wealth for his descendants. The avenues leading to the examinations were not equally accessible to all, however, so the peasants were essentially excluded from imperial posts. The significant characteristics of the relationship between the gentry and the peasantry will be described shortly."
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Modern China, 2005.
This paper explores what China's situation will be in the future, in terms of their economy, politics, society and foreign relations.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that in the last hundred years, China experienced several times large-scale chaos, such as rebellion, revolution, war, economic collapse and massacre. The paper discusses how China will experience much turmoil in the future, as author Gordon Chang suggests that massive unemployment, unsuccessful banking systems, business enterprises, protests and riots and oil imports may spiral downward. The ruling class may not be able to deal with the situation and resort to instabilities.
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Modern Women of China, 2005.
Examines the work of contemporary female writers in China.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the works of modern Chinese female writers. It focuses on the works on one writer in particular, Can Xue, and discusses her role in Chinese literature. It further discusses the works of several other authors and how their work reflects their roles of women in 20th Century China. The paper discusses the struggles of Chinese women as they have a new found freedom of expression and how they are using that expression through literature to make a statement about society.
From the Paper
"The Chinese female writer, Can Xue, is a symbol of the modern world of many Chinese women. Can Xue struggled in her earlier years to have a voice in literature. When she did obtain a reading public she was cited as being "insane" in her writing (Lu 175). This was due to the fact that Can Xue was not afraid to express emotions through her work, or to express her personal viewpoints that were outside of the male oriented forms of the Confucian tradition in China (Lu 175). Tonglin Lu writes, "...A woman's experiment with language amounts to an attempt to master this exclusively masculine property...perceived from a masculine point of view...is in itself maddening not necessarily to the female intruder but for the newly established male order..." (Lu 175)."
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Perspectives on Modern China, 2005.
An examination of historical events that shaped China's recent history.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
"The following paper examines four topics that are essential to understanding Chinese history. The paper examines Chinese-American relations; the impact of the May 1919 student uprising; and the reasons why the KMT gave way to the CCP. The paper concludes with an examination of some of the indispensable writers of the first half of the twentieth century.
From the Paper
"The humiliating Chinese defeats in the Opium War to the British presaged a period in which European powers began to carve up China into veritable fiefdoms. In the middle nineteenth century, the United States was not yet a great power, much less a super-power, but it too had a keen interest in tapping the "China market" (Hunt, 5). After 1842, it became apparent that the Chinese could be coerced into concessions by aggressive western nations - including America."
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Modernization Of China, 1995.
Discusses the internal and external influences on medicine, science, education, finance, trade and tourism.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The fall of Communism in most of the world has had little effect on the People's Republic of China, a nation which has resisted any move toward democracy or any other significant change after the demonstrations in Tiananmen Square ended in the violent suppression of dissent. Yet China has to change in terms of its degree of modernization in order to compete in the world markets, and the nurturing of trade ties with the United States and others in the West is one aspect of trying to modernize the industrial and manufacturing sectors of China. The leadership may also hope to do this without raising any serious challenge to the political and social structures they have built, but it is not clear that this can be accomplished. Indeed, U.S. trade policy has been based on the belief that increased trade will have a salutary effect on the Chinese leadership and produce ..."
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Confucianism in Modern China, 1990.
Discusses the historical foundations of Confucianism. Examines the role of Confucianism in Chinese socio-political life since the mid-19th century.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"China made an intellectual journey from Confucianism to Communism in the century between the middle of the nineteenth century and the middle of the twentieth century. In the Taiping era, Confucianism prevailed, while by the middle of the next century Confucianism was rejected in favor of a new and foreign (though modified to the Chinese situation) ideology, that of Marxism. Confucianism was long the primary influence in Chinese thought, challenged by different strains of religious and philosophical thought at different times, but hardy enough to persist. It would be a major target for the Communist regime after 1949, being seen then as an unnecessary remnant from the past and as an ideology that conflicted with the Communist thought promoted by Mao and his followers."
Confucius introduced a strong and lasting philosophical syste
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China-Economic Policy, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Chinese economic policy, both domestic and foreign.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 223.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policy and growth refracted through its foreign policies, its geo-political designs, and its internal consumption patters vis-a-vis energy and specifically petroleum. The research design is qualitative in approach and the conclusion is that while China has, in the past, united its foreign policy with that of its economic policy, and visa-versa, it has now begun to unwed these particular governmental dimensions with uncertain results. In the future, China is seen as possibly undermining the economic growth it was worked so hard to achieve by uncoupling foreign and economic policies.
From the Paper
"Table of Contents Introduction 04 Economic Theory 04 Applied Theory 06 Literature Review 06 Foreign Policy as an Economic Weapon 07 Monetary Policy 19 Economics of Petroleum 23 Methodology 28 Philosophical Rationale 28 Theoretical Foundations 29 Research Design 30 Empirical Findings 30 Conclusion 31 References 33 China: Dimensions of Economic Growth Introduction Economic Theory The neoclassical approach to the study of economics hinges on the allocation of resources that are distributed across needs and satisfactions. Supply and demand is often used to characterize neoclassical economics and is useful in that the economic investment in capital: human, physical, or intellectual, is the primary driver behind the theory of supply and demand and the meta-theory of neoclassicism. Neoclassical theory prefers that individuals behave rationally in the market which, consequently ensures that products and services are consumed efficiently and that, by extension, enterprises generate profit just as efficiently. "
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