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Ecological Systems Theory, 2006.
A paper on ecological systems theory and how it applies to language development.
2,407 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the ecological systems theory is a psychological framework that attempts to explain the forces that impact child development. The paper further explains how this theory is particularly relevant to the communication, speech and language acquisition process in children.
From the Paper
"Developmental psychology studies the change and growth of humans over the lifespan. One particular philosophy, called ecological systems theory, is especially influential in this field. It holds that a combination of biological, social, and personal characteristics control human development. This theory can be applied to numerous phenomena although early communication, speech, and language development affords a notably informative illustration."
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Bronfenbrenner's Theory of Ecological Development, 2004.
Overview of a theory that emphasizes the importance of environment in human development.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory, which suggests that human behavioral development is shaped by one's environment. The theory cites "spheres of influence" to show the relevance of social spheres on behavioral development. The paper includes a diagram.
From the Paper
"The value of Bronfenbrenner?s ecological theory and subsequent research are of great importance to the field of adult education. The external emphasis of his work has revealed that environmental conditions are of paramount importance, especially during the years of primary education. These factors affect the quality of education children receive and are instrumental in contributing to continuance of education in adult life. His work also reflects how government programs can be very effective in raising educational achievement in even the most underprivileged groups in our society."
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Ecological Systems Theory, 1999.
Assesses this social work theory & applies it to treatment of Alzheimer's patient & family.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
" SOCIAL WORK THEORY IN PRACTICE
Introduction
This paper addresses a social work theory and its practice with regard to a social issue. The ecological theory is described and its practical application to the issue of family effects of chronic illness (Alzheimer's disease), are discussed. Limitations of the theory are presented.
Social Work Theory
A theory is a coherent group of propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena or an explanation for facts and interrelationships. The ecological systems theory states that the individual is engaged in constant transition with other people and with other systems in the environment which reciprocally influence each other. This theory.."
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Population Ecology Theory, 1996.
Definition & assessment of theory as tool for organizational analysis. Rates of founding & mortality, fields, benefits & drawbacks, examples, social factors, compared to other theories.
4,500 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 17 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"In general, the ecological perspective is a theory of organizations which can best be understood as a specific theoretical model that can be classified in one of the four basic fields of organizational science. According to Vecchio (1991), these four fields can be distinguished based on their level of analysis and their primary orientation using the following graphic depiction..."
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World System Theory and Regime Theory, 2005.
An exploration of two systems theories (World System Theory and Regime Theory) within the discipline of global political economy.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with two system theories that attempt to explain how asymmetrical power relations in respect of economics, politics and society from the global organisation of nations and states. It includes a brief history of these system theories, their ontology and epistemology and an analysis of their critiques.
From the Paper
"The idea of a systems approach to political economy originated in the natural sciences; the world is seen as a whole entity and in this respect it is a holistic view, i.e. the properties of a system cannot be determined or explained by the sum of its components alone. This is a departure from previous subjectivist theories that considered the objective sphere an unknown and/or an unknowable concept. "
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Chaos Theory, Complexity Theory and Health Services, 2005.
A discussion on "In Commentary: The Potential of Chaos Theory and Complexity Theory for Health Services Management", by Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow's book which discusses the relevance and potential of the chaos and complexity theories in terms of improving health services management in the United States. It highlights that reevaluating professional knowledge and assumptions in a field as complex as health care can be unsettling, but it can also invigorating.
From the Paper
"In "Commentary: The Potential of Chaos Theory and Complexity Theory for Health Services Management", Margaret Arndt and Barbara Bigelow examine the relevance and potential of these theories in terms of improving health services management in the United States. They emphasize that reevaluating professional knowledge and assumptions in a field as complex as health care can be unsettling, but it can also invigorating. Because of the potential benefits of such an approach, Arndt and Bigelow (2000) argue in their article that applying chaos theory and complexity theory to health services management is worthy of pursuit, despite potential controversy or disputes regarding the validity of this approach. Since America's health care system is plagued by inherent complexity and chaos, applying ..."
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Mcgregor's Theory X & Theory Y, 1990.
Origins of concepts, content, assumptions and impact on supervision in workplace.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Theory X" and "Theory Y" are terms devised by sociologist Douglas McGregor, in the late 1950s, to describe two fundamentally contrasting theories towards the nature of work and human motivation. "Theory X" is the view that workers basically do not want to work, and will do anything to avoid it; the essential business of management is therefore to use a combination of threats and rewards to keep their workers at work. "Theory Y" is the view that work is in fact as natural to human behavior as play or rest; management can thus function best by harnessing this natural human tendency to make the workers' own work.motivations harmonize with the needs of the organization.
The following report is a survey of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y: their origins, their content and assumptions, their origins and place in broader human psychology, and their effect.."
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Sociocultural Theory and Input and Interaction Theory, 2004.
Compares and contrasts the Russian psychologist Vygotsky?s 'Sociocultural Theory' with 'Input and Interaction Theory'.
2,642 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with a definition of both Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory and Input and Interaction Theory. The paper then goes on to note how the two theories differ and where they are similar in their approach, as well as how they are applied to everyday issues, such as teaching language.
From the Paper
"Sociocultural theory was first conceived and developed by Russian psychologist Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky?s, (1896-1934). His most productive years were at the Institute of Psychology in Moscow (1924?34), where he expanded his ideas on cognitive development, particularly the relationship between language and thinking. His writings emphasized the roles of historical, cultural, and social factors in cognition and argued that language was the most important symbolic tool provided by society. His book, ?Thought and Language? is a classic text in psycholinguistics? theoretical contributions to the development of curricula and teaching strategies."
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Broad Nursing Theory and Mid-Range Theory, 2002.
Compares two different theories of nursing and argues that one of them is more conducive to experimentation and solid conclusions.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses broad nursing theory and mid-range theory. The specific theories that are used as examples are comfort theory (mid-range) and self care deficit theory (broad theory). The paper shows that both theories are constructive to nursing, but that mid-range theory allows experimentation and solid conclusions.
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Dependency Theory v. Modernization Theory, 2007.
A comparison of the modernization and dependency theories of under-development of third world countries.
1,824 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the modernization and dependency perspectives commonly raised when explaining third-world under-development. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each theoretical paradigm and aims to determine which of the two is more effective at illustrating why so much of the world continues to lag behind North America and Europe.
From the Paper
"As one might expect, this theory is highly controversial - with apparent weaknesses and strengths. After all, it has now been decades since the fall of "old-fashioned" colonialism and one would think that Global South nations would have finally developed institutional and economic innovations capable of sustaining them and capable also of pushing them forward. Moreover, the supposed technological transfer from developed to developing nations would surely seem like a phenomenon capable of rescuing developing countries from their relative poverty. Seen in that light, the dependency theory may seem like so much "excuse-making" for incompetent and/or corrupt national regimes."
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Family Theory Application, 2005.
An examination of the theoretical frameworks applicable to family treatment, with a focus on ecology theory.
1,454 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to select one of the theoretical frameworks that is applicable to family treatment, and it chooses the 'ecology theory'. Addressed are the essential features of the theoretical framework contained in this theory, as well as the relationships that this framework proposes. Further, the values underlying the theory are examined and the applicability of the theoretical framework for the study of families and as a basis for care of families. Specific examples are provided of the application to a particular population or situation involving family care. The published evidence for the usefulness of the theory, as well as the overall strengths and weaknesses of the theory, are examined. Finally, the congruency of the theory with formed ideas and beliefs about families and care of families are briefly discussed.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Essential Features of the "Ecology Theory"
Relationships
Validity and Congruence of Theory
Building Blocks Underlying the Theory
Application of the Theory
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Among the relationships that exist the relationship between the human individual and the environment are implicit. The wave pattern environment has been defined as "an irreducible, pan dimensional energy field identified by pattern and manifesting characteristics different from those on parts, Each environment field is specific to its' given human field. Both change continuously and creatively. (Rogers, 1992) The ecological model is one that focuses on interaction and interdependence and how they connect among the levels. Interaction at the Meso Level can be evidenced through interaction among parents and babies."
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Margaret Newman's Nursing Theory, 2008.
An analysis of Margaret Newman's health as expanding consciousness theory and a comparison of the theory with Martha Rogers' unitary theory.
1,893 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly examines Margaret Newman's history, including the development of her health as expanding consciousness theory. The paper also examines the basic tenets of the theory and discusses two examples of expanding consciousness in nursing practice. Finally, the paper compares and contrasts Newman's theory with that of Martha Rogers' unitary theory.
Table of Contents:
Margaret Newman
The Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness
A Critique of Newman's Theory
Newman's Theory and Rogers' Unitary Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Newman's theory is not particularly accessible to most people in or out of the nursing profession. Neither is it particularly congruent with reality. Referring back to McKenna, this theory does not appear to be a nursing theory as such, because it does not treat nursing as a unique profession (1997, p. 234). McKenna discusses the analysis of 62 nursing theories in terms of how their internal validity would stand up to testing. Of the 62 theories, McKenna indicates that only nine reached adequate levels of empirical testing. In the case of a grand theory such as Newman's empirical testing is difficult at best; it would seem unlikely that sufficient testing could be done to test its validity. In summation, then, while Newman's abstract theory may produce some basis for discussion, as a nursing theory its practical use is negligible."
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Theory Application, 2008.
An analysis of the application of the social constructionism theory, the labeling theory and the social exchange theory to the clients of the DePaul Family Services.
2,888 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how interactions with people, places and situations all leave their imprint on a person's way of being. The paper discusses whether a client's behavior is the result of the events occurred within his society, community and family or, if he is the intersection of the macro, mezzo and micro environments. It also discusses where personal characteristics intervene and impact of the resiliency and strengths of the individual. The paper focuses on the DePaul Family Services and analyzes their clients from three theoretical standpoints: the social constructionism theory, the labeling theory and the social exchange theory.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Agency Description
Agency Client
Theory Application
Social Constructionism Theory
Labeling Theory
Social Exchange Theory
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Resiliency, in the general meaning of finding the strength to pick up the pieces and carry on, is vital for the success of the DePaul clients. The area in which the social organization activates is extremely tough and challenging and it often offers more disappointments than actual successes. The social workers in the organization are constantly faced with refusal and a generally negative outcome. But they know not to give up, for the beneficial result of these humanitarian actions resides in persistency. It is impossible to teach and integrate a child with mental disabilities from the first day of program implementation. But with persistence, the results will show in time. Character strength and resiliency is also a must for the client and his family. Parents and other close family members generally find it hard to accept that their child is mentally challenged and when they do seem to find a solution in the DePaul services, they soon come to expect a miracle. And when this miracle does not happen, they often feel frustrated and tend to take it out on the representatives of DePaul and its social workers. But the employees at the organization and the family members only represent the close environment of the client's and their being resilient is required in order to support the client. He is the one that must truly be resilient and strong to make sure the treatments take effect. This is one more proof that the microenvironment directly impacts the behaviour of the client."
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Perception Theory, 2002.
A discussion of perception theory by analysis of J.J. Gibson's ecological approach and Marr's computational theory.
3,413 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the issue of perception in various fields, including philosophy and psychology has been debated with vigor over the last fifty years. In order to consider the theory of perception , it evaluates Gibson's ecological approach which believes there is no mediation from the mind between the object of perception and the perception event itself. The function of perception is thus one of adaptation and therefore the purpose of perception is then to adapt the organism to its environment. In contrast it compares this theory to Marr?s computational theory in which perception is seen from the neuropsychological level. Marr in fact compares the human visual system to a computer system. It analyzes how the computational theory appears to oppose the environmental theory in its paradigm that the mind mediates all that is perceived.
From the Paper
"In contrast to Gibson, Marr studies the deep recesses of the body in order to come to a conclusion about perception. This is a very scientific approach, whereas Gibson relied on data gathered from observers and from himself in a more philosophical paradigm. For Marr then a thorough study going beyond the anatomy and physiology of the retinal ganglion cells and lateral geniculate neurons is essential in order to understand the reasons for their receptive fields. Furthermore the connections and interactions of these cells are useful in understanding their behavior. However in order to understand the reasons for the nature of the receptive fields, it is necessary to study the phenomena of differential operators, band-pass channels, and the mathematics of the uncertainty principle."
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Communication Theory, 2006.
A summary of the uses and gratifications theory and the agenda-setting theory, two of the most popular and widely recognised theories in communication science.
3,236 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper studies a local publication, the South African edition of "Men's Health" to investigate the reasoning behind mass media public reading and exposure to this print media product. In order to explain the research findings two prominent mass communication theories are used as theoretical frameworks in the study. This is because an international publication that has over twenty-five versions all over the world, such as "Men's Health", is accessible to many different people on many levels of society and so it therefore forms an integral part of the mass media and provides for an ideal case study. The two theories used are the uses and gratifications theory and the agenda-setting theory, two of the most popular and widely recognised theories.
Outline
Introduction
The Publication
Two Communication Theories
Uses and Gratifications Theory
What Gratifications Are Sought And Obtained?
Media's Role in the Gratifications Process
The Three Processes
Expectancy-Value Theory
Dependency Theory
The Agenda-Setting Theory
Definition
Core Assumptions
Theory Framework and Developments
Contingency Factors
Issue Obtrusiveness
Levels of Agenda-Setting
Critique
Uses and Gratifications Theory
Agenda-Setting Theory
Conclusion
Sources Consulted
From the Paper
"The very first definition of the uses and gratifications theory, put forth by Katz, Blumler and Gurevitch (1974), is still among the best and most accurate, stating that the uses and gratifications theory addresses the social and psychological origins of needs, which generate expectations of the mass media or other sources, which lead to differential patterns of media exposure, resulting in need gratifications. This means that the readers of the Men's Health publication are specifically choosing to read the stories in the magazine because they appeal to a certain need that the reader is trying to fulfil. They expose themselves to the media because the contents such as health reports are fulfilling a social or psychological need. "
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