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Three East European States, 2005.
This paper discusses political and economic changes made by Bulgaria, Romania and Albania following the fall of the Soviet Union.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the political and economic transition made by three East European countries after the fall of the Soviet Union. The writer shows how the political system and the economic systems are linked and how success in one aids with the other. Further the writer points out how well Bulgaria has done and how Romania has also achieved change, while Albania has had a more difficult time.
From the Paper
"After the breakup of the Soviet Union and the Soviet bloc it controlled, the different countries of Eastern Europe faced the need to develop political and economic systems of their own. Pressure from the West was directed toward getting these states to create more democratic institutions and a free market system, though there were many obstacles to these goals, including history and the dire economic problems facing many of these countries. As a result, it is not surprising that results have been mixed, with different countries achieving different levels of development and political systems with differing degrees of democracy."
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The Eastern European Shift from Communism to Capitalism, 2002.
Explores the institutional changes required of East European governments as they move towards capialist economies.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
The post-Glasnost transition from Communism to Capitalism in Eastern Europe has presented various challenges and achievements which vary in their importance, from country to country. This paper concentrates most upon the realities of Institutional change as it is imperative to both economic life and democracy.
Introduction
Cultural and Attitudinal Factors
Military Affairs, Law and Order
Technological Factors
Promoting Capitalist Activities
Fiscal Matters
Labour
Social Welfare
Concluding Notes
References
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The European Union.
This paper discusses the European Union's power play in the Middle East.
3,740 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper takes the position that the more interesting and pressing question is not the way in which the European nations will benefit from membership in the E.U., but how the development of the E.U. will influence the foreign policy framework of the region. The author points out that the Barcelona Declaration and the Barcelona Process, which came out of it, marks a new phase in Europe's foreign policy in which the European Union is announcing that it cannot afford the continuation of conflict in the Middle East and that peace is the only option. The paper relates that the Barcelona Declaration is ambitious because it basically aims to reshape the Middle East in economic and political terms, democratizing its political systems, liberalizing its economies, and promoting stable peace; these aims require a great deal of time, effort, and economic support from the E.U.
Table of Contents
Barcelona Declaration
Goal of the Barcelona Declaration
Democratization Policy
Conflict Resolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As stated in a paper prepared by the Research Group on European Affairs, a number of international factors determined the signing of the Barcelona Process in 1995. In the first place, changes in the international political atmosphere and increasing conflict, transitions and even destabilizations of countries in Eastern Europe, the Southern Mediterranean and North Africa, forced the Union to reconsider the nature of "its foreign policy making instruments". That is the EU had to re-define its foreign policy and the way that it planned and carried out this foreign policy so that it would be more in line with the changing international political atmosphere. In the second place, the continuation of instability and social, economic and political problems in the Middle East, which the United States took the lead in resolving and was failing to do so, was having a negative influence on the EU itself, on both the economic and political levels."
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Europe and the Middle East, 2002.
Discusses the European Union?s policy towards the conflict in the Middle East.
1,206 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has always been of major concern to Europe because of the importance of this festering issue and because of Europe?s proximity to the Middle East. Prior to 1973, the E.U. member countries had differing policies, with the Gaullist France displaying a pro-Arab bias and countries like Germany and Netherlands having very close relations with Israel. Since that time and especially since the Oslo accord of 1993, the European Union has tried to follow a unified and consistent policy with regard to the Middle East conflict. This paper reviews the background and general development of the policy, the problems that the policy has faced and its current status. The paper also includes a general assessment of the E.U.?s Middle East policy (its achievements and failures), as well as a comparison of the policy with that of the United States?.
From the Paper
"Although the US and the EU are both joint partners and promoters of the recently released ?Road Map? for peace in the Middle East, their recent policies on the Middle East have been perceived as being different. This is mainly because of the light in which ?terrorism? is viewed by the United States after 9/11. While the EU, as part of its policy, condemns the suicide bombings and terror attacks by the Palestinians on Israeli citizens, it also calls on Israel to stop its extra-judicial killings, to lift the closures and restrictions imposed on the Palestinian people, to freeze settlement activities, and to withdraw its military from the Palestinian areas. On the other hand, president Bush and his administration consider the Israeli actions as justified self-defense (pre-emptive strikes) and the US President calls Sharon ?a man of peace.?"
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The Modern Middle East, 2005.
This paper discusses four individuals and one group of journeymen weavers who were affected by late nineteenth-early twentieth century European imperialism in the Middle East.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the history of the modern Middle East is peppered with revolts and revolutions against European dominance and against self-serving individuals within the culture who attempted to rule the area. The author points out that European colonial imperialism had a capacity of forcing divergent groups to integrate or to marginalize or peripheralize those who are not willing to work within its economic policies. The paper relates that the leaders who fought for their country's freedom had to modernize defensively their military, which also led to modernizing the internal political structure of their nations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Imperialism
Integration and Peripheralism
Five Biographies
Journeymen
Textile Weavers
The Revolutionaries
Mohand N'Hamoucha, Middle Atlas Berber
Ramadan al-Suwayhli Hero of the Libyan Resistance
Abu Ali al-Kilawi A Damascus Qabaday
Muhammed El Merid - The Man Who Became Qaid
Conclusion
From the Paper
"When Abd al-Krim proclaimed himself the head of a Rifian republic in 1923, it appeared he might be able to take control of northeastern Morocco from Spain. El Merid's efforts to assist the Spanish during this period were noted by Spanish authorities and the made him Quaid of the qabila of Ulad Stut. Muhammed El Merid was the most powerful and influential of the indigenous Spanish protectorate officials in Zaio. He was responsible for day to day law and order, general administration and justice in the tribe. In this position, El Merid was able to acquire and control the lands of the Sebra. Although the other Moroccan groups legally challenged El Merid's claim to this ill gotten land, even when Morocco became an independent state his progeny continued to be the most influential and wealthy members of the notability of Zaio to this day."
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Canada and the Middle East, 2006.
This paper explores Canada's contributions towards the struggles in the Middle East and the Middle East peace process.
2,060 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses Canada's involvement, past and present, in the conflicts in the Middle East relative to other nations. The paper details the numerous conflicts in the Middle East over the years. The paper explores the contributions of other nations towards the Middle East peace process and demonstrates how the contributions of Canada, unlike many other nations, are effective, but silent.
From the Paper
"Past and present, the Middle East has been in a constant state of chaos, involving nations worldwide. Progressing negatively with no major improvement, many third parties, alongside the Arab nations, have put forth constant efforts, despite many failures, in an attempt to restore the Middle East to its once peaceful state. The active contributions by many nations, including the United States of America, and the Soviet Union, have been witnessed and recognized worldwide. The contributions of Canada, unlike the many other nations, are effective, but silent."
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Conflict in the Middle East, 2005.
A discussion on why the Middle East can be considered a conflict area.
26,575 words (approx. 106.3 pages), 40 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
Over the last hundred years, the Middle East has been one of the most troubled regions in the world. This paper attempts to define the attributes for success in the modern world that the Arab community lacks such as freedom, knowledge and woman power and how these impact the current political situation.
Outline
Islam Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Islam Does Not Cause Conflict in the Middle East
The Arab-Israeli Dispute Causes Conflict in the Middle East
Israeli Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Palestinian Leadership Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Lack of Democracy Contributes to Conflict in the Middle East
Oil Profits Cause Conflict in the Middle East
Water Scarcity Could Cause Conflict in the Middle East
From the Paper
"Sharon has spent years trying to erase the stain of the Lebanon War. Still, the legal defeat would seem to be the least of his troubles. After he won the premiership by promising to bring peace and security to Israel's citizens, Sharon has produced neither. The conflict with the Palestinians continues to escalate. The day of the court ruling, four Israelis died in Palestinian attacks; the following day, six soldiers died in a strike against an army roadblock. Sharon responded with a rare speech to the nation--in which he disappointed all expectations that he would announce a new policy direction. Among voters, confidence that he has a strategy is bleeding away. In one Israeli public-opinion poll, 29 percent of respondents said that Sharon had a clear plan, while 58 percent said he was simply reacting to events."
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East Asian History, 2005.
A sinocentric view of modern East Asian history.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the history of East Asia in the modern period from 1400 to 1900 is commonly viewed through the lens of the Europeans who came to trade, convert, loot, and conquer during this time. It discusses how although it cannot be denied that the arrival and eventual dominance of the Europeans over the international relations of the Sinic world was of great significance in the history of the region, it may be argued that simply by shifting our perspective we may obtain a more accurate analysis of this era in East Asian history.
From the Paper
" The history of East Asia in the modern period - from 1400 to 1900 - is commonly viewed through the "lens" of the Europeans who came to trade, convert, loot and conquer during this time. While it cannot be denied that the arrival and eventual dominance of the Europeans over the international relations of the Sinic world was of great significance in the history of the region, it may be argued that simply by shifting our perspective we may obtain a more accurate analysis of this era in East Asian history. "
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Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", 2005.
This paper discuses Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East", a modern history of the Middle East from the perspective of the changing peasant and urban artisan classes and the emerging modern working-classes.
1,880 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 0 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Joel Beinin's "Workers and Peasants in the Modern Middle East" begins in 1750, which marks the start of modern history for the Middle East because of (1) the rise of autonomous provincial regimes, (2) the expansion of agricultural production and (3) the intensification of links between several parts of the Ottoman Empire and the world capitalist market. The author points out that Beinin argues that industrial manufacturing was introduced to the Middle East as part of a drive to establish modern armies and extend the power of the states. The paper relates that Beinin considers the period after the collapse of global oil prices in 1985-86, when states became unable to provide previously established levels of services, thus creating an economic and moral vacuum, as the beginning of the political Islamic movements of establishing a popular base by offering social services, including education, health care and child care.
From the Paper
"During the era of Fordism-Keynesianism many Middle Eastern states pursued policies of populism, nationalist anti-imperialism, state-led economic development, and import-substitution industrialization. Some examples of this post-World War II trend he cites were Muhammad Mossadegh's nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in 1951 and Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956. State-led development and import-substitution industrialization were key components of the social policies advanced by Gamal 'Abd al-Nasir in Egypt, the Ba'th in Syria and Iraq and the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) from the 1950s to the 1970s. The political and economic programs of these authoritarian-populist regimes were designated "Arab nationalism" and "Arab socialism" respectively."
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Modern Middle East, 2007.
An analysis of the Middle East according to two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History", one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses two books entitled "The Modern Middle East: A History," one written by James Gelvin and the other by Sun Allah Ibrahim. The paper discusses the differing views of the two authors on the same subject with Gelvin suggesting that the Middle East has remained tyrannical and economically stagnant, while Ibrahim suggests that Western ideology has penetrated the once supposedly pure nationalist governments of the Middle East.
From the Paper
"The young man's choice, that of a doctor who is famous for his works of global outreach and philanthropy, shows that the apparently noxious ideology of globalization has already penetrated even his consciousness. The reason the doctor is seen as evil in the book is because he is an international figure, and globalization is deemed to be harmful. The committee is afraid that if the young man selects this doctor, the regime's true ideology will be revealed, and the Westernized control of the Middle East will make itself known to the general population. The ideology of the supposed diversification of interests of modern economic life masks the real, controlling presence of the West that is manifest even on the Carter buses that run through the streets. This demonstrates that the nation is in the grips of a consumption ideology that only results the people consuming things against their own true nation's interests. Rather than Coca-Cola, Ibrahim suggests, better to drink in the ideology of true anti-capitalist nationalism."
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East and West Europe, 2002.
A study of the impact of European integration on modern Western European politics.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A paper that analyzes the evolution of Western European Union and the impact of its integration on European and world politics.
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Future Wars of the Middle East, 2006.
A research paper exploring the possibility of a future breakout of war in the Middle East and North Africa due to the scarcity of water throughout the region.
20,838 words (approx. 83.4 pages), 48 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This dissertation presents a case study of the possibility of future wars throughout the Middle East and North Africa due to water scarcity and limited water resources presently being experienced in that region. The paper starts by revealing the gravity of the situation by showing the present statistics surrounding the problem of water scarcity throughout the world. Thereafter, the paper highlights the importance of water in the national economy. From then on, the paper discusses the present situation of water scarcity in the Middle East by noting the present available resources of water in the Middle East. Lastly, the paper highlights the reason underlying possible future water wars in the Middle East and North Africa. The paper concludes by briefly analyzing the findings and assessing possible variables and alternative scenarios that might be adapted by the Middle East and North African states to avert war.
Table of Contents
Abstracts
Synopsis
Introduction
The Importance of the Availability of Water
Presently Available Water Resources in the Middle East
The Conflict in the Future
Hypothesis
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Collection of Data
Data Analysis and Search Tactics
Limitations of the Study
Findings
Geographic Location
Regional Tension, Disharmony and Centuries of Conflict
Vague International and National Laws
Population Explosion
Increase Demand and Decrease Supply
Pollution
Water Exploitation Methods
Economic Growth in the Middle East
Border Conflicts
The Domestic Situation and Regional Conflicts
Assessment of Expected Variables
Conclusion
From the Paper
"At present, as mentioned above, approximately 40% of the world's population is dealing with the scarcity of water. In fact, hundreds and thousands of humans travel all year long in search of water. They live their lives like nomads and remain in one place until they have utilized the water resources. While, this picture is very noticeable in the Middle East countries, more and more countries are joining the listing of such countries. Experts fear that if the present situation is not given the due attention, then by the middle of this century, almost 65% of the world's population will be confronting water scarcity and famine (Steve Lonergan, 1996). The gravity of the situation in the Middle East can be gauged from the fact that in the mid 1990's almost 8 countries from this region fell below the international standards of "absolute water scarcity," while many others had been on the brink of falling below the redline (Robert Engelman and Pamela LeRoy, 1993). This situation occurs when the yearly per capita fresh water accessibility of a nation drops below 500 cubic meters. These 8 countries in the Middle East faced inbuilt problems and difficulties of water scarcity that severely threatened the public healthcare structure, as well as, hindered the growth and development of the socio-economic system. To add to the difficulty, these regions have one of the highest population growth rates in the world. One does not have to be a rocket scientist to determine the fate of countries if their water resources come to a stand still while their population is rapidly growing at the rate of more than 3 percent (Ashok Swain, 1996)."
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Turkey and the European Union (EU), 2007.
This paper is a conceptual and empirical analysis of the foreign policy of Turkey as a bridge between the European Union (EU)and the Muslim world.
6,465 words (approx. 25.9 pages), 29 sources, APA, $ 149.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Turkey's potential membership in the European Union (EU) underscores its role in the region and throughout the international community, especially as Europe becomes increasingly Islamized and as the unrest in the Middle East remains at a boiling point. The author presents, in addition to the literature review, case studies of the continuing unrest between the Palestinians and Israelis and the Danish religious cartoon controversy featuring pictures of the Islamic prophet, as examples of Turkey's increasing importance in the region and in the global geopolitical sphere. The paper states that international observers believe that Turkey represents the West's best chances for securing a mediating influence in the region and for developing a cultural, political, religious and geographic buffer between themselves and the increasingly hostile nature of many factions in the Middle East. The paper includes several long quotations.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Methodology
Research Questions
Overview of the Study
Conceptualization
Case Studies
Palestine - Israel Conflict
Cartoon Controversy
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For example, when the Western European Union was designated as the defense component of the EU by the Maastricht Treaty, which came into force in 1993, the intention was for the organization to serve as a bridge between the EU and NATO. Because membership in the WEU was restricted to EU member states only, opportunities for states to achieve "associate membership" and "associate partnership" in the EU were introduced in order to involve non-EU members in this emerging framework in an attempt to forge the WEU into a more inclusive and relevant organization."
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The Financial Crisis in East Asian Economies, 2006.
An analysis of the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and whether the crisis is really over.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 3 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and how it represented not only a shock to the regional economies of East Asia but, in a larger context, a blow to the confidence of global financial markets in the fundamental structural soundness of East Asian economies. The paper points out that the East Asian economies that were at the center of the crisis - in particular, Thailand and South Korea - were also among those being most highly praised for their market liberalization and fiscal prudence during the regional economic boom of the 1990s. This, in particular, represented troubling concerns for the global economic community in terms of the validity and trustworthiness of assessments of East Asian economies. With this in mind, this paper considers whether it is safe to assume that the crisis is truly over.
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U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East, 2006.
Examines America's foreign policy in the Middle East since 1991.
2,764 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper critically assesses the impact of U.S. foreign policy on the Middle East since 1991. It explores how the post-Cold War global order affects Middle East politics and how the conflict in the Middle East affects the 'New World Order'.
Table of Contents:
Part I: Summary
Part II: Background to and Nature of American Policy in the Middle East since 1991
Part III: Impact of American Policy in the Middle East
Part IV: Conclusion.
From the Paper
"America's policy of coercive appropriation of the region's only major resource has had another parallel, though highly profound impact. In order to break free from what the countries of the region perceive as the American stranglehold over their resources, many countries have started cooperating with each other to exploit the oil-rich Caspian region. Based on the idea of excluding America from the pipeline grid, this brings several countries from even outside the periphery of the Middle East in close ties with each other. This could spell a total alteration of the geo-strategic dynamics of the region."
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