| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DRY CELL BATTERIES": |
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Dry?Cell Batteries, 2002.
A technical research report on the definition of dry-cell batteries and their kinetic make-up.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses dry-cell batteries which were invented as an alternative to higher leaking, long lasting batteries. Today?s advanced electronics are demanding more battery power and it is not unusual for a highly developed electronic item to go through two or three sets of batteries in a day. The paper shows that as technology advances, the stronger the battery demand and this brought about the invention of the dry-cell battery. The purpose of this technical research is to define dry cell batteries, their kinetic make-up, and how are they recycled.
From the Paper
"Recycling batteries saves the environment and ensures proper disposal. There are many programs which assist in helping individuals learns how to recycle batteries. There is one program called ?Charge Up To Recycle? which educates people on the recycling process, and the companies that recycle batteries. The objective of this program is to make everyone aware of the available services and encourage them to participate in recycling of the batteries. There are some battery recycle facilities that charge a small fee for used up batteries, but most of these facilities will take the batteries free of charge. The purpose of the battery manufacturers is to get everyone involved in recycling old batteries. Recycling batteries can be very beneficial to the air, eliminating lots of air pollution."
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T- Cell B-Cell Collaborations in the Immune System, 2001.
A descriptive overview of the vertebrate adaptive immune response to both intra and extra-cellular pathogens with explicit focus on T-cell B-cell collaboration and antibody response.
1,425 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the major pathways by which foreign antigens are identified and dealt with through the adaptive immune response which is paramount on B-cell and T-cell responses and interaction with one another in distinct pathways and steps. It includes several diagrams and their explanations of antigens, B-Cells, T-Cells, APC's and more and their interactions and processes they go through.
From the Paper
"All immune responses involving T-cell B-cell collaborations follow distinct pathways of interactions and development. These very pathways of the adaptive immune response are almost entirely dependant on the cellular interaction of B- cells and T- cells with one another. It is within each stage of these pathways and the progression of an adaptive immune response that we will concern ourselves. The following is a condensed synopsis of the adaptive immune response and the cellular interactions that will be the emphasis of this paper. Within secondary lymph tissues foreign antigen is presented to naive B-cells via their surface immunoglobulins (Igs) receptors. The same antigen is also presented to naive T-cells at this time. This presentation and subsequent recognition of antigen by both types of cells results in and end product of proliferation and development of naive B-cells into plasma cells whose function is the production of soluble immunoglobulins (antibodies), and the differentiation and development of memory B-cells whose function is to respond to subsequent exposure to the same antigen. However, this pathway is not self-sufficient and requires the direct interaction of activated T-cells, specifically ?helper? T-cells (Th2 cells) 1,9. It is these T-cells in conjunction with the antigen presenting B-cells that interact to produce a hormonal response to infection. These interactions activate Th2 cells that in turn promote B-cell activation both through T-cell secreted cytokines, (interlukeinI1-2, 4 and 5), and also through direct cell to cell contacts involving specific surface proteins and corresponding receptors and the signaling initiated by the binding of these proteins to one another."
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Disposable Batteries, 2004.
A discussion of the benefits and use of disposable batteries.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
Disposable batteries have transformed the way that we live and the types of activities that we do. This discussion provides the reader with a natural history of disposable batteries from the time the raw materials are extracted from the earth to the time they are recycled or in a land fill. The environmental impact that batteries have along the path of creation, use, and disposal is also covered. This paper also discusses the peripheral impact of batteries, including how they are shipped, how much fuel is used, and how much pollution is created. Finally, it looks at the social impact of batteries and facts about the societies that make, use, and dispose of batteries.
Introduction
Natural History of Disposable Batteries
Uses
Environmental Impact
Peripheral Impact
Social Impact of Batteries
From the Paper
"The concept of batteries was first discovered between 1780-1786 by Luigi Galvani. Galvani found that connecting iron and brass created an electrical current. His ideas were expanded upon by Alessandro Volta from 1796 to 1799 with the creation of the voltaic electricity. Voltaic electricity was found when Alessandro experimented with stacking silver and zinc plates to create a pile and form the first dry battery. Volta also created the first ?crown of cups? which consisted of silver and zinc discs that were covered in a salt solution."
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Faulkner?s ?Dry September?, 2003.
This paper analyzes the short story by William Faulkner, ?Dry September?, which is about the frustrations of Minnie Cooper, whose sexual life seems to have passed her by.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper suggests that the story is about societal abandonment of character Minnie Cooper and her feelings about her womanhood, rather than the murder of Will Mayes. The author points out that the story presents Faulkner's criticism of societal power systems based on gender. The paper relates that Faulkner uses words like "lifeless", "breathless", and "dry" to represent the lost value of Miss Minnie's social presence because her sexual life is "dry" or dead.
From the Paper
"Faulkner is venturing into Minnie?s drive and motive behind being so unfair to Will Mayes. He is exploring her desperation, which she must feel that turns her into a villain and makes her go to such extreme. Her desire of being accepted surpasses her morality. The society has pushed her so much that she finds it hard to accept herself and what the society thinks about her. When her friend?s children call her ?aunty? she objects and insists on being called cousin. She wants to change their impression of her and in doing so she wants to be liked by them so that she may accept who she is, and what she has or does not have. Just like Will Mayes was murdered in spite of his innocence, Minnie is ousted from the society for no fault of her own."
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Stem Cells, 2006.
An overview of the nature of stem cells, stem cell research, and the controversy surrounding the use of stem cells from human embryos.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The different types of stem cell research involve the use of human eggs - and embryos - as intermediates and are at the center of controversy as to whether it should be considered human life. Recent advances are attempting to produce non-embryonic stem cells as well as address the said issue. This paper discusses the nature of stem cells, what they are, how they are produced and the issues surrounding them.
From the Paper
"Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the potential to develop and proliferate into more specialized cells such as neurons or skin cells. These specialized somatic cells comprise the different tissues and organs of the human body. The cloning process currently in use involves the use of the cellular machinery of an egg cell and the genetic material encoded in the nucleus of a somatic cell called somatic cell nuclear transplant (SCNT). First, the egg cell is secured to stabilize it. A needle is inserted into the egg to extract the nucleus and DNA."
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Developments in Cellular Technology and Battery Life, 2002.
Examines the need to improve the quality and life of cellular phone batteries.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
All cell phone services promise better rates and better services to their customers but only technological advances can truly provide a longer lasting battery life for cell phone users. The paper shows that the overall goal of the cellular phone industry and its users is to improve the quality and length of service of cell phones, without requiring the phones to be charged as often as they must be at present, on as consistent a basis as before. Consumers want this to be accomplished at the lowest price possible and companies wish to provide a competitive price. The paper shows that the cellular phone battery market, given the changing nature of the technology and its relatively new status on the market represents a highly competitive and volatile industry. However, new advances in cell phone technology could give potential innovators a lock on the market. The paper examines two existing cellular phone batteries - Nickel Cadmium and Lithium Ion.
From the Paper
"Users of cellular phones are currently faced with a dilemma of quality versus expense. The solution for the industry would be to provide an inexpensive form of technology that allows users to top up on their charge as often as users want. However, at present this is easier envisioned than accomplished with current technology. In a November 2, 2002 article in the trade journal Battery News, Tyco Electronics Power Systems Inc., a supplier of telecommunications power equipment, and Valence Technology Inc., a developer and manufacturer of Saphion technology and Li-on polymer rechargeable batteries, are said to be collaborating ?to evaluate and develop Valence's Saphion Li-on technology? in the hopes of creating inexpensive Li-on batteries. A cellular battery that is inexpensive, does not suffer from voltage depression, and can be recharged on the convenience of the user, and poses no environmental hazards may be in the works. Should this be developed, the competition amongst cellular phone services would escalate, unless only one type of phone or service secures a patent over these potentially inexpensive Li-on batteries."
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Cell Size, 2006.
A look at the metabollic reactions of the cell and how this affects cell size.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The cell engulfs food oxygen and lets out carbon dioxide yet everything must go through the cell membrane which is also the total surface area of the cell. This paper discusses metabollic processes within the cell and how these processes affect the cell's size.
From the Paper
"The nucleus and cytoplasm use oxygen and food while producing waste through volume and weight. At times, the cell needs more membrane space in order to provide greater area for intake of oxygen and food and to release waste. However, as the cell grows larger, the ratio of the total surface area-weight ratio decreases. In other words, the greater cell content needs more oxygen and food than the membrane can take in and produces more waste than the membrane can release; its hydrophobic interior excludes the aqueous solutions of the cytoplasm and the external environment. "Although a large cell would be able to withstand more metabolic reactions (due to its larger volume) than a smaller cell, the larger..."
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Stem Cells, 2002.
This is a persuasive essay on the use of stem cell research and how the cells are derived.
2,155 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial issue of stem cell research in the U.S. It conveys the negativity of using human embryos, but also expresses the positive uses of adult stem cells. The author includes remarks made by President George W. Bush, numerous quotes and reference pages and websites.
From the Paper
"The issue of using stem cells (embryonic and adult) is a heated debate among many citizens of the United States. Many people are against all types of research, but do not understand what it is about or what the research can be used for. There are many points that need to be made so people will know that not all stem cell research is harmful, or destroys human life. Embryonic stem cell research can be, and should be avoided, especially when there are other options available to us. Adult stem cell research is an available option that is being used in all parts of the world to find new discoveries. Once society agrees to certain forms of research, scientists may be able to use the research to obtain cures for numerous diseases."
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Stem Cells, 2004.
This paper discusses stem cell research, one of the most truly revolutionary medical science developments.
1,755 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the potential benefits of stem cells result from the fact that they can transform themselves into literally any cell in the body, thus replacing the injured or damaged organs, which will render today's medicines obsolete. The author points out that there are formidable challenges to be overcome; the most serious is the 'ethical' opposition to stem cell research led by pro-life advocates who consider the use of embryos for creating stem cell lines as the killing of potential human beings. This has resulted in restriction of federal funding for stem cell research. The paper states that there are several formidable scientific barriers, such as the tendency of the immune systems to attack transplanted cells, which have to be crossed; therefore, the author believes that stem cell research deserves full support.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Types of Stem Cells
How Are Stem Cell Lines Created?
Sources of Stem Cells for Research Purposes
Fertility Clinics
Aborted Fetuses
Cloning
Made to Order
The Ethics of Stem Cell Research
Arguments Against Stem Cell Research Arguments for Stem Cell Research
Other Ethical Concerns
Issue of Federal Funding
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the most dramatic breakthroughs in the history of biological research occurred in November 1998, when two independent teams of American researchers managed to isolate and grow a special kind of human cell called the stem cell. Until then, scientists had struggled long and hard to isolate the elusive cells but capturing them had proved difficult. One reason for this difficulty was that most stem cells only exist in their original form for a short time before turning into the various specialized cells of the body; the other was that the cells need a highly specialized environment to keep them alive outside the body. Other scientists had previously succeeded in culturing stem cells for only short periods; the 'breakthrough' accomplishment was that the pioneering scientists successfully created conditions under which the stem cells could replicate over time without specializing."
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Stem Cell Research in the United States, 2004.
This paper explores the legal and moral issues of the stem cell research debate. It also explores the uses of adult stem cells as an alternative to embryonic stem cells.
1,941 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper first briefly defines stem cell research in all its forms (embryonic, adult, umbilical). It next explores whether the young fetus should actually be considered a 'life-form'. The political portion of the paper revolves around President Bush's policies and California's Proposition 71. Finally, the argument is made that alternatives to embryonic stem cells represent the only moral choice, especially at this early stage of research.
From the Paper
"There are too many unanswered questions and unknowns when it comes to stem cell research, embryonic or not. There is promising research being made on adult stem cells and umbilical cells as we speak. Shouldn?t these avenues be completely explored before we even discuss destroying another embryo in the name of science? I would think so. The greatness of humankind can be measured by its accomplishments, but accomplishments made without regard to morals can destroy us. This is the course we must avoid. We must not sacrifice life with blind hopes of scientific advancement. We must not sacrifice one life to cure another."
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Polycomb Regulation of Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation, 2006.
A discussion of polycomb regulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation and its potential as a cure for degenerative diseases.
3,470 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the functioning of embryonic stem (ES) cells, with particular focus on polycomb regulation. It maintains that ES cells are of great importance as they have the flexibility to give rise to any cell type in the body. It also adds that they can also be kept in an undifferentiated state and selectively induced to form any specialized cell types, which could potentially replace cells lost or damaged by disease. The paper points out that such knowledge has immense significance as it can help people who are suffering from various degenerative diseases or other tragedies. The paper includes charts, graphs and illustrations. It concludes that future studies are required to delve further into the not fully understood mechanisms by which ES cells self-renew, while maintaining the ability to differentiate into virtually all adult cell types.
Outline:
Experimental Procedures
Cells and Cell Culture
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and DNA Microarray Analysis
Gene Expression Analysis
Future Experiments
From the Paper
"Polycomb silencing mechanisms were first discovered in Drosophila as functions essential for the regulated expression of homeotic genes during development (Lewis, 1978). The Polycomb gene of Drosophila is a member of a large class of genes required for the segment-specific repression of homeotic selector genes (Paro & Hogness, 1991). PcG and their complexes are essentially conserved from insects to mammals. PcG genes do not constitute a family, but a diverse group originally defined by the fact that loss of function of each member has similar consequences in depression of the homeotic genes. Molecular analysis has shown that most PcG gene products act together to form multi-protein complexes (Berger, 2006)."
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Stem Cell Research, 2005.
This paper explains that stem cell research is leading scientists to investigate the possibility of treating disease with cell-based therapies, often referred to as regenerative or reparative medicine.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that implanted stem cells used to repair or replace damaged tissues are less likely to be rejected by the body's immune system than other foreign cells. The author points out that germ line cells and adult stem cells are less versatile than embryonic stem cells, which can develop into every type of tissue found in an adult; however, the processes that control this development are at present not fully understood. The paper discusses that BioMark International, a privately funded Biotech Group, provides access to a unique method of Cord Blood Stem Cell (CBSC)processing by which CBSCs are derived from the umbilical cords from natural full term births of consenting mothers, all of whom have been tested according to standards set by the American Association of Blood Banks .
From the Paper
"In May 2004, Nancy Reagan, whose husband former President Ronald Reagan was at the time suffering the advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease, urged the Bush administration to support embryonic stem cell research and said that too much time had been wasted discussing the issue. Although a Republican, Mrs. Reagan has been critical of the Bush administration for blocking public funding of stem cell research due to the party's ethical reservations concerning embryo research. Speaking at a fundraising dinner for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, she said she believed the research could lead to a cure for Alzheimer's disease, and "may provide our scientists with many answers that for so long have been beyond our grasp...I just don't see how we can turn our backs on this...We have lost so much time already...I just really can't bear to lose any more.""
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Cloning Embryonic Stem Cells, 2005.
This paper discusses, from a neutral position, ethical arguments either for or against the cloning of embryonic stem cells.
4,710 words (approx. 18.8 pages), 23 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that embryonic stem cells are self-renewing, undifferentiated cells that are extracted from the inner cell mass of a 5-6 day old embryo or blasto-cyst, which destroys the embryo in the process of extracting the stem cells. The author stresses that the basic problems in embryonic stem cell research are the very highly valued moral problems it presents: (1) The prevention or alleviation of suffering and (2) the respect of human life. The paper stresses that the argument for and against cloning embryonic stem cells is also an argument as to the meaning of life and the recognition of the loss, at any point in life, of inevitable death.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Embryonic Stem Cell?
The Basic Problem
Arguments Presented For and Against Cloning Embryonic Stem Cells
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To endorse any use of the human embryo which was not consistent with a reverence for human life would be widely regarded as wrong. Those who believe that therapeutic research on embryos is ethically permissible, might argue that the creation and use of a human embryo outside the context of human reproduction does not necessarily undermine the attitude of respect for the human body and human dignity, provided that the purposes involved in such creation and use are purposes which we would recognize as beneficial ones. Medical uses fall into this category. In this view, it would appear to be quite consistent with an attitude of respect for human life to allow the use of human embryos at an early stage of development, well before the stage at which anything resembling a self can be said to come into existence. Such use promises to provide the possibility of the relief of a great deal of human suffering, a goal which in no sense calls into question respect for the human body."
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Stem Cells, 2007.
An overview of stem cells and their potential use to medical science.
1,493 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how scientists believe that stem cell research has the potential to find cures for several previously incurable diseases and how, despite this exciting potential, progress in stem cell research has so far been hampered by serious technical, ethical, and political issues. This paper discusses the types of stem cells and their sources, the potential of stem cell use in medical science, and the issues that are holding back rapid progress in stem cell research.
Outline:
Types of Stem Cell
Sources of Stem Cells
Potential Uses of Stem Cells
Barriers in Stem Cell Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Embryonic stem cells are almost always derived from embryos developed from eggs fertilized during fertility treatment in clinics. In the process of in vitro fertilization, eggs removed surgically from a female ovary are fertilized with sperms in a lab for subsequent implant in a woman's uterus. Numerous fertility clinics fuse more than one egg with sperm as a routine in order to try another implant if the first one does not work. Hence, thousands of such "left-over" embryos are stored in liquid nitrogen freezers in the United States and other countries where in vitro clinics exist, which can be used for stem cell research. "
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Stem Cell Research, 2004.
A look at the controversy surrounding the issue of stem cell research as well as an argument in favor of advancing the technology.
5,591 words (approx. 22.4 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This is a position paper arguing that stem cell research should continue because of the promise it holds for people afflicted with certain diseases. The paper presents a brief overview of the arguments presented by those opposed to stem cell research and then counters with arguments in support of the research by first clearing up misconceptions and misunderstandings about stem cell research and by identifying the tremendous promise this medical technology holds for the future. The paper also responds to the two primary arguments against stem cell research, which contend that stem cell research is the same as playing God and that the use of stem cells, even at the earliest stages, equates to destroying human life.
Stem Cell Research Background and History
The Medical Potential of Stem Cell Research
The Debate over Stem Cell Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Stem cells are those cells within the human body which are capable of developing into any sort of human cell, whether that be a neuron or a heart-muscle cell or any other specialized cell. They are most often found in the very earliest stages of human embryonic development, for at the blastocyst stage and before the embryo?s body is composed entirely of such non-differentiated cells, which will eventually specialize into various cell types. Scientist today hope that the ability of these cells to be guided into developing as any sort of human tissue may enable them to be used in progressive cures for a host of illnesses, particularly those involving widespread and otherwise irreversible damage to cells which are not thereafter reproductive. (Disease of the brain and spinal cord, such as Alzheimer?s, are a prime example of such illnesses)"
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