| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DRINKING WATER SANITATION": |
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Drinking Water and Sanitation, 2002.
Examines the global situation vis a vis drinking water supply and sanitation.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The 1980s was the 'International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade.' However, drinking water supply and sanitation problems persist in developing countries. Further, currently problems are emerging with drinking water supplies and sanitation facilities in the developed countries as well.
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Testing Drinking Water for Nitrates, 2007.
This paper examines research about the effects of nitrates present in drinking water.
4,116 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that many parts of the world have experienced elevated levels of nitrates in their drinking water by virtue of past industrial and agricultural practices. The paper provides a review of the relevant literature to determine the effects of nitrates in drinking water sources and examines what types of testing are typically done to assess the presence of nitrates, in particular in New Jersey. The paper discusses current and future trends in this area. The paper concludes that elevated levels of nitrates in drinking water supplies can result in profound adverse health consequences. People around the world are using their groundwater resources faster than they are being naturally replenished and this has caused further concentrations of any pollutants that might be present.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In a day and age characterized by debates over oil and potential future energy sources, an important fact is being overlooked. By all accounts, fresh water is far more important than oil and people had better pay closer attention to what is happening to their drinking water sources today. According to Roberts (2001), "Water use in the United States averages about 100 gallons of drinking water per person per day, more than just about any other country. A very small proportion of this water per person, approximately two gallons, is actually used for drinking and cooking. We use the majority of the water that comes into our homes for bathing, flushing toilets, doing laundry, watering lawns, filling swimming pools, and washing cars" (p. 64). Throughout the world, people obtain their drinking water from a wide range of sources, and these same techniques are used in the United States."
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Arsenic in Drinking Water, 2007.
This paper discusses the health concerns raised as a result of arsenic in the drinking water supply.
2,619 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the issue of arsenic in drinking water and discusses different points of view regarding this problem. The paper also raises concerns regarding any contradicting research. The paper discusses limitations and developments and concludes that arsenic in the drinking water is an important concern that must be addressed in the near future, as is puts global health at risk.
Outline:
Introduction
Arsenic in Drinking Water as a Topic of Interest
Different Points of View & Conflicting Information
Research Limitations and Assumptions
New Developments
Personal Thoughts
From the Paper
"In the past few years, the topic of health as it relates to environmental awareness has emerged as a significant concern for global leaders, government officials and the common family. Arsenic, a ubiquitous element found in the atmosphere, soils, rocks, natural waters and organisms, is one of the current leading environmental health issues. Most environmental arsenic problems are the result of mobilization under natural conditions, but man has contributed to the release of arsenic in the environment through mining activity, combustion of fossil fuels, herbicides, and the use of arsenic as an additive to livestock feed."
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Portland?s Open Drinking Water Reservoir, 2002.
This paper is written as a report about the conditions of the water in Portland?s open drinking water reservoir.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper investigates many factors relating to open drinking water reservoirs such as water purification, toxic chemicals and testing systems. The paper shows the risks faced by Portland's reservoir which include the dumping of prescription drugs, waste from tankers and busses and the threat of radon in the drinking water. The paper suggests ways in which the Portland municipality could improve the situation through testing and legislation. It also includes maps of the area to illustrate points.
From the Paper
"While the water is safe perhaps it is not sterilized, which means that it does contain chemicals and other killer organisms. The best way to handle this situation is by protecting and regularly monitoring water from the main source so as to eliminate the possibility of potential contamination later on. To purify the water, treatment practices are used to get rid of the pathogenic organisms that are liable to enter into the water in the reservoir. Most of the water treatment techniques and technologies were actually developed several years ago to cure chloera and typhoid. These techniques are still applicable because they can still protect the public today like they have been for nearly a century. However, the new contaminants require new techniques to treat them, such as pathogens."
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Fluoridation Of Drinking Water, 2005.
An examination of the fluorine in the drinking water in America.
2,358 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the fluoridation of drinking water, specifically in the United States. It explains that fluoridation began in the early 20th century with the aim of improving dental health and with the introduction of fluoridated water into community supplies in some countries, reductions in the rates of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) among children occurred. The paper looks at how the World Health Organisation, the United States and the E.U. all advocate fluoridation as an effective method of reducing dental caries, and how only the USA, Britain, Australia and Ireland and a few other countries have fully adopted its use in spite of these world health guidelines. The paper also points out how the engineer plays a key role in implementing the use of fluorine and must act responsibly due to its toxic nature and potentially fatal consequences of incorrect use. The paper concludes that the safety and necessity of fluorine in the drinking water in America needs to be monitored with more studies and research by qualified, well-funded, scientific groups.
Table of Contents:
Introduction. What is Fluorine?
Fluoridation History
How Fluoridation Works
Why Fluoridate?
The Engineer and Fluoridation
Fluoridation And The Law
Some Interesting Quotes on the Subject of Fluoridation
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Fluoride is usually added to water samples in solution form because in powder form (e.g. Sodium Fluoride, Sodium Fluorosilicate, etc.) it is toxic, dangerous to handle and must be stored in dust tight containers. Thus fluorine is often added as hydrofluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6).
This acid is safer because if it is spilt on the skin it can easily be washed off using cold water. This acid is stored in water treatment facilities in tanks. The tanks are lined with corrosion resistant rubber lining. Fluoridation usually takes place after all other treatments of the drinking water have been carried out. It must be done after water has been softened because ions in the water interfere with the fluoride content. The water must be mixed thoroughly before it leaves the facility, as fluoride is toxic in higher concentrations."
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Drinking Water, 2002.
An analysis of the state of both American and Canadian drinking water.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper will examine the state of drinking water in both a Canadian and American context with the goal in mind of assessing current and future difficulties in drinking water supply.
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Lead-Contaminated Drinking Water, 2008.
This paper explains that lead contamination of drinking water is a serious and persistent health issue in the developed world.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the negative health effects of lead-contaminated drinking water are significant and occur at very low concentrations. The author points out that the primary source for contamination has been identified as corroding plumbing, which means that almost the whole of the developed world is faced with this danger. The paper urges that samples of real-world concentrations of lead in the drinking water supplies in the developed world should be taken from residential, commercial, industrial, and public buildings. The author suggests that this information should be used to develop public health policies.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
Discussion and Analysis
Summary of Findings
From the Paper
"Even at very low levels of lead exposure, individuals can experience measurable and permanent neurological damage. This is especially true for the young. Bryant (2004) contends that children are most susceptible to lead exposure from birth until the age of six. This is consistent with remarks by Watt et al. (1996), who outline the effects of minimal lead exposure to infants via drinking water--from bottle feeding, breast, or directly from the mother's blood before birth. Watt et al. (1996) points out that exposure to low levels of lead in infants has been positively correlated to decreases in intelligence over the course of an individual's life."
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The Chlorination of Drinking Water, 2005.
This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of chlorinating drinking water.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the direct application of gaseous chlorine from pressurized steel containers is generally the most economical method for disinfecting large volumes of water. The author points out the types and sources of water pollution extend far beyond the ability of this single treatment process; therefore, American consumers should be aware that additional pollutants may continue to be present in their drinking water despite the best efforts of water treatment experts to make it safe. The paper suggests that taste or odor problems can be minimized through proper dosages of chlorine at the treatment plant with a residual concentration maintained throughout the distribution system to ensure a safe level at the points of use.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Analysis
Background and Overview
Current Applications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Healthcare practitioners have long recognized that small amounts of toxic substances can sometimes have beneficial effects for humans, and this would seem to be the case with chlorine as well. As a chemical, chlorine is a toxic, corrosive, greenish yellow gas that is irritating to the eyes and respiratory system; it is two and a half times heavier than air. The substance becomes a liquid at -34C (-29F) and was first prepared from hydrochloric acid and manganese dioxide in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele; chlorine was widely regarded as a compound until research by Sir Humphry Davy showed (1810) that it cannot be decomposed and that muriatic (hydrochloric) acid is comprised of hydrogen and another true element that he named chlorine."
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Lead in Drinking Water, 2002.
This paper examines the problem of lead in drinking water,
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the facts about lead in drinking water in terms of United States Environmental Protection Agency standards, sources of the pollutant, environmental and health problems associated with lead, and possible removal treatments.
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Contaminated Drinking Water, 2002.
Examines the reality and implications of contaminated drinking water in the western world.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
An 8-page paper examining contaminated drinking water in its western and Third World implications. How economic factors aggravate the problem and affect the ability to find solutions.
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Walkerton Drinking Water, 2002.
Examines the 2000 e-coli epidemic in Walkerton, ON and drinking water proposals.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the outbreak of e-coli in Walkerton, Ontario in 2000. It looks at its causes and effects. It also evaluates the recommendations of the Walkerton Inquiry.
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Drinking Water in "Las Colonias", 2002.
A policy analysis regarding the Latino population along the Texas border which is suffering from poverty and water safety hazards.
2,690 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
"Las Colonias" are comprised of Mexican immigrants whose dreams were shattered when they realized the promise of the "American Dream" was merely a myth. This paper looks at the hazards of the drinking water in this region, and the government's policy in treating this problem. It analyzes whether the treatment is different because it is aimed at an immigrant population group.
From the Paper
"When we speak of Third World countries, the vision that comes to mind is usually that of impoverished, yet geographically distant communities, which are a supplemental concern to issues in our own country. However within the United States, Third World conditions exist that affect not only the indigent communities, but the surrounding communities as well. One of the most notable of these is the area along the U.S.-Mexican border known as ?Las Colonias?."
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Drinking Water, 2004.
This paper discusses the presence of harmful contaminants in the human water supply, including aluminum, nitrate and lead.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that domestic water supplies across the world vary enormously in quality. The author points out that aluminum has long been linked with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease, bone diseases, and anemia, and nitrates are known to have gastric effects, neurological implications, and other effects on human health. The paper relates that lead is well-documented to play a role in intellectual retardation, impacts abdominal pain, and has other health effects.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Aluminum
Nitrate
Lead
From the Paper
"Interestingly, aluminum in drinking water may be introduced into the water supply by water treatment processes themselves. Aluminum sulphate is added as a coagulant that removes suspended matter during the water treatment process in many facilities. The aluminum nitrate is then removed through filtration and clarification, but trace amounts may remain. In the European community, the maximum acceptable concentration of aluminum in drinking water in the UK is 0.2 mg/l, based on the incidence of problems with dirty water, rather than health implications."
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Disinfection Of Drinking Water, 1992.
Examines the treatment processes of chlorination, chloramine, ozonization and chlorine dioxide.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 9 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"There are various ways in which drinking water supplies can become contaminated. The two major sources for drinking water are surface water and ground water. About half of the nation's water supplies are provided by ground water (3:39). In rural areas, this figure is as high as 97 percent, because most of the water in those areas is obtained directly from the ground through wells (6:61). Both of these sources are subject to contamination. For example, surface water is contaminated by the chemicals, pesticides and other pollutants which are dumped into the nation's rivers and lakes. Ground water is contaminated by waste from landfills and also by leakage from hazardous-waste sites (6:61). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is aware of the "serious health risk" which is posed by this situation and has issued strict standards for the reduction of contaminants in ..."
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Water in Vancouver, 2007.
An analysis of the environmental concerns surrounding Vancouver's drinking water.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the bacteria content and safety of the drinking water in Vancouver, Canada. It looks at how the environment can affect one's drinking water and what needs to be done to prevent bacteria from entering the water we drink. The paper then discusses what individuals can do to help the community improve the safety of drinking water.
From the Paper
"Vancouver's water system has experienced problems in the past. For instance, bacteria in the water can be a health risk. Bacteria can affect drinking water if it is not prevented. "Unfiltered surface water supplies have the potential of containing the protozoan pathogens Giardia and Cryptosporidium" (Water 7). In fact, this has occurred in the past such as during the late 1920's. Since this time, environmental concerns have been addressed by many communities in Canada and the United States. Canada is concerned about improving water and sanitation in the region (ADB Taking New Directions). While Vancouver gets much of its water from Eagle Lake and Montizambert Creek, testing for bacteria is required. Samples are tested for bacteria, physical and chemical parameters including metals as well as samples for fecal coliform, total coliforms, and E.coli (2005 Drinking Water ii)."
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