| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DIVERSITY MENTALLY RETARDED": |
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Diversity and the Mentally Retarded, 2007.
This paper discusses multiculturalism and diversity as it relates to the mentally retarded population.
2,660 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the United States is home to an ever-growing, ever-changing racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious mosaic. The writer also points out that millions of immigrants arrive each year in search of work, and in the hope of finding opportunities and freedoms that are unavailable in their homelands. The writer states that many Americans that suffer from disabilities come from a bewildering array of backgrounds and are in great need of the assistance of others. The writer maintains that those who reach out to the mentally retarded must begin to comprehend, and to make provisions for diverse circumstances and points of view. Learning to deal with diversity, and working with multiculturalism demands a new mindset, an awareness of cultural sensitivities and the concerns of others. The writer discusses that providers of training and care to the mentally retarded must be willing to learn other languages, and to learn about the different cultures in which those requiring special attention are being raised. Attention to issues of multiculturalism and diversity is one of today's primary challenges in assisting the mentally retarded.
From the Paper
"Similarly, caregivers must attempt to uncover and comprehend other attitudes toward care of the mentally handicapped that may be masked by these traditional family relationship patterns. Perhaps, the desire to keep mentally retarded individuals at home is a symptom of a desire to keep these individuals away from those whom present the potential for harm. A family might now wish to expose a mentally handicapped child to a public school environment because of fears that the child will be taunted or otherwise ostracized. Groups may not trust external caregivers. Despite serious efforts to control for specific biases, minorities are frequently overrepresented in special care environments as the results of culturally biased tests and evaluation procedures."
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Capital Punishment for the Mentally Retarded, 2002.
A study of the death penalty for mentally retarded criminals.
890 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper argues the numerous reasons why the death penalty for the mentally retarded is inappropriate. It demonstrates that mental retardation prevents the disabled from logically assessing the pros and cons of their actions. The paper illustrates that international human rights groups urge nations not to impose death penalty on people with any form of mental disorder, which includes mental retardation and the mentally ill.
From the Paper
"The Supreme Court of the United States, in a landmark ruling on June 20, 2002, prohibited the executions of the mentally retarded declaring it as violation of the eighth amendment ban on cruel and unusual punishment. The Court decision came in the Atkins vs. Virginia case and in the opinion of many not a day too soon. While the taking of a life by anyone including the state is a debatable issue, subjecting the mentally retarded to the maximum punishment was an aberration in a civil society that has been set right by the decision."
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Capital Punishment and Mentally Retarded, 2002.
This paper examines both sides of the argument regarding the death penalty for mentally retarded prisoners, focusing particularly on death penalty cases in Texas.
1,758 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The first part of the paper looks at the legal standards for mental retardation. In the second part, the paper details the criticism against these standards and evaluates the other arguments for allowing the execution of the mentally retarded. The third part of the paper looks at the arguments against capital punishment for criminals who are proven to be mentally deficient. In the conclusion, the paper evaluates how the Supreme Court?s ruling reflects a shift in societal attitudes regarding capital punishment and mental retardation.
From the Paper
"Mental retardation is a medical condition characterized by impaired or incomplete mental development. With early diagnosis, a mentally retarded person can learn coping and life skills. However, there is no cure for mental retardation. There are three widely-used criteria to determine mental retardation. First, the condition causes significantly lower than average leves of intellectual function. Second, this limited intellectual function is often accompanied by related limitations in other adaptive skill areas. Finally, these conditions manifest themselves by the age of 18."
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Technology and the Mentally Retarded, 2002.
Examines the many ways in which technological advances can assist the mentally retarded.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
Recent advances in technology have created new ways to help people with disabilities, especially those with mental retardation, to overcome their limitations and learn the academic, social, vocational, and survival skills necessary to function independently in society, but because of prohibitive aspects such as high costs, appropriate assistive technology is not yet readily available to all who require it. This paper traces the special needs of students with mental retardation, the history and advancements in using technology in education, the boom in assistive technology, and how assistive technology benefits people with mental retardation. It also examines expense and other factors that prevent widespread access to assistive devices and services.
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Educating the Moderately Mentally Retarded, 2004.
This paper discusses the education of the moderately mentally retarded, defined by an IQ measurement between 40 and 55.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that moderately mentally retarded persons usually are considered trainable, but with limitations of learning academic subjects to about the second-grade level. The author points out that one of the most important aspects in educating the moderately mentally retarded student is to attempt to motivate and to bring out the best in that student, while at the same time bearing in mind the students? intellectual limitations. The paper stress that, in teaching the retarded within a conventional classroom situation, the teacher should always bear in mind that such education must take place in the context of a team of professionals responsible for the varying facets of the educative process; therefore, clarification of the different roles of these professionals is important so that there can be no confusion, which would hamper the educative process.
From the Paper
"This classification implies a number of characteristics that are usually associated with this level of mental retardation. However, these characteristics can be complex and not necessarily definitive. This is important when it comes to caring for the moderately retarded as a certain degree of latitude should be applied in the case of making a distinction between the mild and moderate classifications. Some categories have been combined for purposes of educational policy."
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Death Penalty & The Mentally Retarded Offender, 2002.
Argues that mentally retarded offenders should not be put to death.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 12 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
Argues that mentally retarded offenders should not be put to death. Cites opinions of various groups against the death penalty for convicted offenders with a significant sub-average level of intellectual ability. Alternative punishements. Refers to a U.S. Supreme Court ruling that decided that executing mentally retarded individuals did not violate the Constitution.
From the Paper
" In 1989, the United States Supreme Court (hereinafter referred to as the Court) decided (by a vote of 5 to 4) in the case of Penry v. Lynaugh (492 U.S. 584) that executing individuals with clinically diagnosed mental retardation did not comprise a violation of the Eighth Amendment (Mental retardation and?, 2001). The Court held that instead, mental retardation should be a mitigating factor considered by the jury during sentencing. Justice Sandra Day O?Connor, writing on behalf of the majority of the Court, stated that a ?national consensus? had not as yet developed regarding a prohibition on such executions, given that only two states (Maryland and Georgia) prohibited such executions in 1989 (Mental retardation and?., 2001). Since then, however, 16 more states have enacted..."
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Sterilization of Mentally Retarded People, 2004.
A look at the moral and ethical issues surrounding the sterilization of mentally retarded people.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history surrounding the controversial issue of sterilization of mentally retarded people. Discussed is the concept of eugenics, which was adapted by the Nazis. This practice in modern history is also examined. Current ethical attitudes to this belief are explored in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The main ethical issue surrounding involuntary sterilization of ethical people has historically concerned whether the surgery was best for the society in which they lived. Whether it was best for the mentally retarded person seemed, throughout most of the history of the ?eugenics? movement, which legitimized the procedure, to be only a distant secondary consideration. If it seems barbaric today, however, and it would seem to take a lot of bending of ethical precepts to find a justification for the procedure, one need not look too far back in world or even U.S. history to find abundant proof that it was regarded as morally and ethically appropriate."
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Mental Retardation, 2006.
A look at the social obstacles mentally retarded people face because of lack of resources and a general lack of knowledge about mental retardation.
2,684 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the many social problems that mentally retarded people must deal on a daily basis, including a general lack of knowledge about mental retardation, a lack of community services for the mentally retarded, the tendency to over medicate mentally retarded persons and a lack of alternative educational programs. The paper also describes characteristics typical of the mentally retarded as well as measures that could be taken that would help mentally retarded persons to lead independent lives and achieve normalization.
From the Paper
"It is reported that 3 to 4 per 1,000 people are mentally retarded (Ellis, 1986). It is not always easy to recognize a mentally retarded person by a customary glance. Two main ways to determine mental retardation are: (1) certain physical characteristics and/or (2) when an infant/child fails to make normal developmental progress (mental or physical) (Ellis, 1986). One major problem regarding mental retardation is knowledge of the accurate definition and limitations of the disability (Bray, 1990). In the past, society and several professions have not given mentally retarded persons the necessary resources. An accurate knowledge base of the disability is necessary before proper resources can be created (AAMR, 1992). Contrary to popular belief, mental retardation is not something a person has, is not a medical disorder not a mental disorder, but rather a developmental disability (AAMR, 1992). The level of functioning requires information regarding the person capabilities (intelligence, adaptive skills), and environments (home, work, school, community) (AMMR, 1992)."
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Mentally Retarded Youth and Personal Health Maintenance, 2002.
Analyzes two articles, one dealing with developing a systematic tooth-brushing program for retarded youth and the other on proper eating habits among this population.
822 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes and discusses two articles: "Training Mentally Retarded Adolescents to Brush Their Teeth" by R.D. Horner and I. Keilitz (1975) and "Training and Maintaining a Retarded Child's Proper Eating" F. O'Brien, C. Bugle, and N.H. Azrin (1972). The paper shows that the purpose of the first research was to provide systematic development and evaluation of a tooth-brushing program for retarded individuals, while the second explored whether motivational techniques are necessary to insure the maintenance of proper eating for the mentally retarded. For each of the articles, the paper provides details on the purpose of the study, procedures used in the study, results of the study and evaluation of the article.
From the Paper
"Study findings showed that when the motivational-maintenance procedure was applied, the subject ate properly and when it was discontinued, the old eating behavior was resumed. When maintenance was again applied, proper eating occurred and was again discontinued when the maintenance procedure ended. During the last seven meals of training, proper eating was demonstrated on nearly every trial, and when baseline conditions were returned, improper eating was immediately resumed. Results also demonstrated that manual guidance was very effective in training the subject to eat properly."
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Executing the Mentally Retarded, 2002.
A paper which argues against capital punishment as a form of punishment for the mentally impaired.
2,477 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a history of the death sentence in America, examining states such as Texas where it is is used more frequently than other states. The paper then examines the issue of executing criminals whose IQ's are low and who are obviously mentally impaired, using the example of Ricky Ray Rector, executed in 1992 in Arkansas, as an example. The paper discusses the laws and guidelines laid down by the constitution on this matter, as well as the stand of the American Association for Mental Retardation (AAMR) which is obviously against executing the mentally impaired. The paper shows the criteria AAMR have to define someone who is retarded. Finally, the paper concludes by arguing against the death sentence for anyone proven mentally impaired.
From the Paper
"Like Ricky Ray Rector, the man who asked the guards to save his dessert so he could eat it after his execution, these people just don't have the mental capacity to fathom what is happening to them. The only 'good' point, if there is one, is that they are not scared to die because they don't really understand what it means to be executed. One man even said that he wanted to "be God's gardener and take care of the animals" (Several, 2002).
While it's good that these people are not frightened, that still doesn't make their execution right. It should be stopped, but lawmakers have not worked hard enough to make that a reality just yet. It's unfathomable to many people how the government can look into the eyes of someone who is profoundly mentally retarded and then have them killed. These people are from all walks of life, ages, and races. Their only commonality is their mental disability, and that makes them vulnerable to our justice system."
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Mentally Retarded & Education, 1993.
Examines intervention strategies for schooling of developmentally disabled.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"The American Association on Mental Deficiency (Coleman, 1986, 22) defines the term mental retardation as " ... significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning resulting in or associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period." There are three components to this definition: psychometric, social inadequacy, and upper chronological age for emergence of the condition. The term subaverage general intellectual functioning refers to the results on one or more individually administered, standardized tests of intelligence. The term significantly refers to an intelligence quotient (IQ) of 70 or less, or of 75 in the school setting, The term impairments in adaptive behavior refers to significant limitations in the ability of the student to meet the standards of maturation, learning, personal independence, social.."
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Mental Retardation, 2005.
This paper discusses mental retardation, including educational needs.
895 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, because of the difficult of diagnosing accurately mental retardation in very young children, these children are often placed in early intervention programs without their final diagnoses having been completed. The author points out that the treatment should involve helping the person gain basic academic skills, such as reading, writing and arithmetic, which will support functional life skills, appropriate social skills and behavior management techniques for any inappropriate behavior. The paper relates that mentally retarded students may benefit from inclusion programs when younger; but, when older, it may have more negative effects unless the non-handicapped students are supportive of the program.
Table of Contents
Early Signs of Mental Retardation
Causes
Assessment
Treatment
Inclusion with Mental Retardation
From the Paper
"While low IQ as measured on a good cognitive test is a cornerstone for the diagnosis of mental retardation, functional and adaptive skills must also be evaluated. A person who scores low on an IQ test but who functions adequately in life, for instance using public transportation, handling money adequately and living independently does not function as a retarded person and should not be diagnosed as such. A medical evaluation can look at developmental milestone and rule out causes such as deafness."
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Mental Retardation and Motor Skills, 2001.
This is an overview of mental retardation and its affect on a person's motor skills.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth look at the mental retardation and some of the different motor skill problems that plague those affected with this brain impairment. The author gives a broad definition of mental retardation in order to help the reader understand the terminology. The author looks at different types of mental retardation and the different motor skills affected by each type of disease. Rett Syndrome, or Cerebroatrophic Hyperammonemia, is mainly diagnosed in young girls and mostly affects the small motor skills. Meningitis and Down's syndrome or Trisomy 21, both affect a person's motor skills but it varies according to how severely the person in question is affected by the particular disease.
From the Paper
"In this case, genetic anomalies are manifested in a wide variety of symptoms, including severe motor difficulties that affect both small and gross motor skills. Research and a variety of experiments with young children with this disease have found that very little can be done to alleviate these motor skills problems because the neurological damage is so extensive and so severe that it cannot be compensated for (Percy 81). In other words, while individuals can learn to compensate for motor-skills problems caused by the retardation brought about through neural damage, they cannot in some cases learn new adaptations fast enough to compensate for the speed in which new impairments occur (Perccy 83)."
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Dual Diagnosis: Children with Emotional Disturbance and Mental Retardation, 2002.
A look at the issues concerning children with both emotional disturbance and mental retardation.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the problems that are found in the dual status of mental retardation and emotional disturbances for children and teens. This paper takes the perspective that if emotional disturbances are not addressed, these disturbances will likely grow worse and harm the overall quality-of-life for the retarded individual.
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IQ and Mental Retardation, 2002.
This paper discusses the debate in regards to raising the IQ cutoff scores for the mental retardation assessment.
1,060 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at the issue of raising of IQ scores so that the IQ cutoff for mental retardation would be raised to 80. The author examines the evidence for and against raising the scores and also discusses the relevancy of IQ scores and how many other variables should be taken into account when evaluating intelligence.
From the Paper
"The debate regarding IQ tests continues to rage into the new millennium. Every decade has a myriad of new studies supporting or contradicting the last accepted theories and studies. here are new studies which indicate that the IQ scores in the United States has risen by 3 points per decade, ?indicating that intelligence is not stable but is flexible with regards to environmental influences.? However, after vast research, no one knows just exactly what is causing the rise in IQ scores. Moreover, there is an ongoing debate in regards to raising the IQ cutoff scores for the mental retardation assessment. The American Association of Mental Retardation?s definition of mental retardation is ?a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills?This disability originates before age 18.?"
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