| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DIRECTOR NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE": |
|
|
The Director of National Intelligence, 2005.
This essay discusses the pros, cons and history of the newly created Executive Cabinet position of the Director of National Intelligence.
2,829 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper begins with the history of the position and moves forward to the appointment of John Negroponte as the first Director of National Intelligence. The essay discusses the many roles associated with the Director of Central Intelligence. The essay quotes past and present politicians on their opinions of the position; to include the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the 9/11 Commission.
From the Paper
"In 1947, then President, Harry Truman signed into law The National Security Act of 1947. The National Security Act gave three primary responsibilities to the Director of Central Intelligence. First, the DCI was responsible for providing national intelligence to the President, members of the President's cabinet (where applicable), and to members of Congress (again where applicable). Second, the DCI would serve as the head of the intelligence community (IC). The DCI was responsible for establishing the priorities for collection and analysis of raw intelligence. The DCI formulated and presented the IC budget to the President and to Congress. The DCI also had very limited ability to transfer funds and personnel throughout the National Foreign Intelligence Program (NFIP). Third, the DCI was to serve as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency. Here the DCI supervised the entire bureaucracy of the CIA. The DCI was in charge of human sources, overseeing the analyzing of raw intelligence, and undertaking covert operations when directed to by the President."
| |
|
The Possibility of Intrinsically Intelligent Artificial Intelligence, 2001.
An analysis of Searle's argument against the possibility of strong Artificial Intelligence.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 58.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines Searle's original argument against the possibility of strong Artificial Intelligence, or what he calls intrinsically intelligent AI. This argument was presented in "Minds, Brains, and Programs" which contains his original formulation of the Chinese Room example and many others. This paper explains Searle's original view (which has been slightly modified in recent years) against the possibility of strong AI. It then examines the serious shortcomings in his argument, namely his flagrant assumption that intelligence is a bio-chemical property, something that he barely mentions in his text. Holfstadter later called this view "bio-chauvinist." The writer examines what it is Searle is trying to say, where his bio-chauvinism comes into play, and what the end result is.
From the Paper
"In his paper "Minds, Brains, and Programs," John R. Searle attempts to establish the impossibility of strong artificial intelligence (AI), that an "appropriately programmed computer" can have genuine mental states. The validity of strong AI implies a direct correspondence between mental states and formal processes, and as such, insists that a properly defined program is sufficient for producing understanding and intentionality in the thing instantiating that program. Searle refutes this claim, arguing that a program could not be sufficient for producing intentionality because for any program it is possible to instantiate it in something without producing mental states in the thing. In elucidating this central point, Searle derives a distinction between "intrinsic" intentionality and "derived" intentionality. He defines intrinsic intentionality as the sort present in things that clearly have mental states, such as people. Searle distinguishes this from derived intentionality, which he claims is ascribed by those with intrinsic intentionality to things that "perform the sort of functions that we perform on the basis of our intentionality," but that do not actually possess mental states or a genuine intentionality. With this distinction, Searle's claim that programs are not sufficient, or even necessary, for producing intentionality becomes a claim that mere things - namely computers for our purposes - can only have derived intentionality and never can possess intrinsic intentionality. Searle's argument, pushed by his example of the Chinese room, at first seems to raise an alarming challenge to AI proponents, but on closer examination it becomes clear that the thrust of Searle's claim relies on some highly debatable intuitions and assumptions he makes a priori. In this paper I will argue that Searle's conclusion is entirely dependent these contestable assumptions and intuitions. I will then attempt to construct what Searle's response to this objection would likely be, and I will conclude by discussing the significance of this debate with regards to AI and all of cognitive science."
| |
|
Genes and Intelligence, 2005.
This paper discusses the contribution of genes to general intelligence, although intelligence cannot be defined clearly.
1,875 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that research demonstrates that chromosomes, the gene-carrying structures of an organism, are able to determine the level of an individual's intelligence. The author points out that scientists can measure particular inherited features by studying identical twins, who share the same genes, and can use molecular psychiatry to identify specific genes related to intelligence. The paper stresses the problem in genetic identification is that there are several forms of intelligence, such as academic intelligence, which is the traditional construct of intelligence; analytic intelligence, which is similar to academic intelligence and is suitable for testing on I.Q. tests; creative intelligence, which is, for example, a musical or artistic intelligence and cannot be accurately tested because it cannot be clearly defined; and practical intelligence, which cannot be tested because it, too, cannot be clearly defined.
Table of Contents
Introduction to Essay
General Information on Genes and Chromosomes
Information on Intelligence Tests
Positive Aspects on Intelligence Tests
Negative Aspects on Intelligence
What Can and Cannot Be Tested
Research and Experiments Conducted on Topic
Proposals from Scientists
Hypothesis from Experts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Intelligence is the measure of a person's mental ability to function and to solve everyday problems as well as random odd problems. Individuals differ from one another in their ability to adapt to the environment, to understand complex ideas, to learn from experience and to overcome certain obstacles by taking thought. All of these concepts make up an individuals intelligence level. The most common way to measure a person's intelligence in today's society, is the IQ test. The IQ test is a series of questions involving mathematics and other types of problems that is completed by the recipients and later graded. The grade on the test determines the person's intelligence level."
| |
|
Intelligence Gathering, 2006.
A discussion on which method of intelligence gathering the intelligence community should rely on in order to counter terrorism.
1,821 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines how, in recent years, there has been much debate in the intelligence community relating to the balance between human intelligence (humint), and technical intelligence (techint), in satisfying a state's intelligence requirements. This paper addresses the argument from both sides and suggests that there has been an over reliance on techint in recent years, leading to inadequacies in intelligence gathering.
From the Paper
"The current debate, although not unique to the post 9/11 period, is certainly prevalent today, and has generally involved the advocates of techint in disagreement with those that suggest humint has been neglected as a result of this. Perhaps typical of those advocates is Turner (1985. p92. cited in Shulsky. p34. 2002), who states that 'One way or another, we should soon be able to keep track of most activities on the surface of the earth, day or night, good weather or bad.' As we shall see, the idea that one collection method is favoured over the other is not helpful to the ongoing debate on intelligence reform in the U.S. and that supporters of techint's superiority are misguided, perhaps because of what Emerson (2003. p2) describes as the 'American love affair with technology.' "
| |
|
National Defense, 2006.
A discussion on the future of national defense in America.
3,927 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper begins by defining national defense and expands on the need for a national defense strategy in light of the September 11th terrorist attacks. It continues with a detailed discussion on the new defense strategy. The author also reviews the need for applying a strategy that respects human dignity. The paper, in reviewing a defense report, states that the new defense strategy will accomplish the goal of national security by fortifying the authority of the Director of Central Intelligence, by developing a new framework for intelligence warning, by developing consistent methods of collecting information, by investing in potential capabilities while working to protect them and by collecting intelligence data against terrorists and terrorist organizations.
Outline:
Introduction
National Defense
New Strategy for Defense
Encouraging Human Dignity for All
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Lastly there are disruptive challenges that must be considered. Disruptive challenges to tend to include the utilization of sophisticated technology coupled with military action (National Defense Strategy...). Such disruptive capabilities may be used to take advantage of America's vulnerabilities. The organization reports that disruptive capabilities such as cyber operations, energy weapons and biotechnology can be used to endanger American security (National Defense Strategy...). Because these capabilities are often unpredictable, special attention must be paid to fighting them. "
| |
|
What Is Intelligence?, 2002.
A discussion on what intelligence is and the types of intelligence there are.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explores what intelligence is. It discusses whether there is more than one kind of intelligence, whether people can be smarter in some ways than others and whether we can really measure intelligence accurately. It explores whether biology or environment has the most influence on a person's intelligence.
| |
|
Emotional Intelligence, 2006.
A review of issues in theoretical construct and measurement (emotional intelligence) pertaining to business administration.
8,036 words (approx. 32.1 pages), 104 sources, APA, $ 173.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This dissertation proposal examines the relationship that exists between the role of 'emotional intelligence' and 'effective leadership and job success'. According to the paper, the theory of emotional intelligence states that emotional intelligence "is a combination of the intelligence we have that helps us both know and manage ourselves well, and the intelligence that we have that helps us understand, motivate and relate effectively to other people." The paper further discusses how even the most academically brilliant among us are vulnerable to being undone by unruly emotions.
Outline:
Introduction
Emotional Intelligence Theory
EI as a Form of Intelligence
Spearman - Psychological Ability
Thorndike Social Intelligence
Weshsler - "Non-Intellective Abilities"
Howard Gardner - "Multiple Intelligences"
Mayer & Salovey - "Four Branch Model"
Daniel Goleman - Personal and Social Competencies
Reuven Bar-On - EI in the Context of Personality Theory
Emotional Intelligence and Leadership
EI and Successful Organizational Leadership
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Emotion Quotient Inventory (EQ-I) self report measure of emotionally and socially intelligent behavior that provides an estimate of emotional-social intelligence. The EQ-I was the first measure of its kind to be published by a psychological test publisher (BAR-On, 1997a) Contains 133 items (short sentences) (5 point response scale) takes 40 minutes to complete (scales are scored on 15 subscale scores: Intrapersonal (self-regard, emotional , self-awareness, assertiveness, Independence, self actualization) Interpersonal (empathy, social responsibility, interpersonal relationship) Stress management (stress, tolerance, impulse control) Adaptability (reality testing, flexibility and problem solving) General Mood (optimism, happiness) Scores computer generated/raw scores auto. tabulated and converted into standard scores based on a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Resembles IQ scores - (E) Ave to above ave EQ scores - suggest respondent = effective emotional and social functioning. Higher scores - more positive prediction for effective functioning in meeting daily demands/challenges. Low - inability to be effective due to emotional, social or behavioral problems. Has built in correction factor automatic adjustment of scale scores based on scores obtain from two of the instrument's validity indices (positive impression and negative impress) Important feature for self-report reducing potential of distortion in effects of response bias with increased accuracy in results."
| |
|
Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace, 2006.
An overview of the concept of emotional intelligence and how it is applied in the workplace.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Emotional intelligence is as an individual's ability to understand other's emotions and to use that understanding to successfully interact with others. It has been argued that emotional intelligence is more important as compared to traditional intelligence or IQ. This paper provides a detailed description of the concept of emotional intelligence, before examining how it is applied in the workforce, as well as in business leadership.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Emotional Intelligence at the Workplace
Achieving an Appropriate Level of Emotional Intelligence at the Workplace
Creating Opportunities for Emotional Intelligence: Important Considerations
Promoting Emotional Intelligence in Organizations
Emotional Intelligence and Business Leadership
Learning Emotional Intelligence
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Motivation helps the individuals to define new and improved methods of completing a certain task or performing a job. It also creates loyalty among the individuals, towards their cause. In addition to this, the element of empathy further contributes towards the development of emotional intelligence in an individual. It allows the individual to consider the feelings of the individuals who are expected to be affected by his or her decisions. Emotional Intelligence helps the individuals to realize the fact that their decisions are going to affect others in a positive or a negative manner and therefore they should consider the consequences of their decisions. Finally, social skills allow the individuals to come close to their peers and subordinates and understand their emotional needs."
| |
|
Emotional Intelligence (EI), 2007.
This paper is a review of research literature to identify and evaluate where voids or gaps currently exist in identifying how emotional intelligence (EI) relates to sales outcomes.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 77.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This research study examines how emotional intelligence may impact sales outcomes, and to what extent the research conducted in the past has effectively explored the direct relationship between sales outcomes and emotional intelligence. The paper explains that the literature review focused on previous methodologies, hypothesis, concepts and analytical procedures to help establish whether data correlating emotional intelligence scores to sales outcomes was more qualitative or quantitative in nature. The author points out that, from the review of the literature, it is clear that much of the research focused broadly on the ways emotional intelligence may impact outcome without too much specificity given to the topic of sales outcomes. The paper concludes that future research needs to focus on exploring the exact impact emotional intelligence has on sales outcomes, exploring how negative emotional intelligence affects the organization and examining what tools, aside from applied learning or goal orientation, can be used to transform negative emotional intelligence into positive intelligence.
Table of Contents:
Literature Review
Emotional Intelligence Defined
Review of Popular Studies
Summary of Literature Analysis of Gaps
From the Paper
"Ashkanasy (2002) conducted a study of emotional intelligence and perception of emotion in organizations in an attempt to improve understanding of "organizational behavior through investigation of the cognitive and affective processes" underlying attitudes among employees and behavior. The author hypothesized that leaders within an organization are characterized by certain traits or outcomes that may predispose them to their roles within the organization, concluding that attribution theory is most likely the best causal explanation for why people act the way they do, and how this may impact organizational efficacy, as in the case of sales.
| |
|
Emotional Intelligence, 2007.
An analysis of literature regarding emotional intelligence and the impact of emotional intelligence on an individual's success.
2,336 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents reviews of literature discussing emotional intelligence. The paper discusses the relationship between transformational leadership and emotional intelligence, as well as emotional intelligence in gifted adolescent students. It then goes on to analyze the methods used in the studies and to describe the studies' limitations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Survey Method
Experiment
Conclusion
From the Paper
" In all three studies, the impact of emotional intelligence on an individual's success rate was tested. Whether it was a survey, experiment or assessment used all three tested the same basic elements using different populations and different approaches. Overall it appears that the research supports the belief that emotional intelligence is a factor to consider when studying human nature and drive, however, there may be elements of certain populations (IE gifted) where other factors override therefore de-emphasis the significance of emotional intelligence with regard to success. These three studies are important to the future examination of the topic because they indicate that there may well be variations in the type of person who benefits from having a high emotional intelligence. This will be important to understand for the purpose of career training and educational paths in the future."
| |
|
Sex Intelligence Differences, 2007.
This paper discusses the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC-R) and its findings regarding intelligence factors between the sexes.
1,409 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper explores the innate differences between the intelligence factors of the sexes and when the intelligence factors between the sexes may begin to diverge. The paper discusses the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC-R) which shows no difference in intelligence and cognitive abilities between the sexes early in life, even though there is a probability the relationships between these factors change over time. The paper explains that this change in relationships may occur due to male-related bias in general knowledge or it may have to do with socialization and societal expectations.
Outline:
Introduction
Position
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Typically, measures of human intelligence and cognitive abilities are measured independently according to age groups, as well as independently according to sex. The differences between the sexes are frequently documented in adults, particularly in terms of general knowledge. Some questions exist, however, regarding the innate differences between the intelligence factors between the sexes and in when the intelligence factors between the sexes may begin to diverge."
"Although intelligence factors between the sexes can be seen in adults, the results shown by 1868 participants in a white sub-sample of individuals who have taken the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised (WISC-R) do not reflect such a difference."
| |
|
Intelligence, 2003.
A comparison between the theories of single intelligence and multiple intelligences.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the nature of learning. The paper defines, compares and contrasts Charles Spearman's theory of single intelligence and Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.
From the Paper
"The attempt to understand different learning and thinking styles is based on different arguments with respect to the nature of intelligence. Such arguments traditionally fall into two categories..."
| |
|
U.S. Intelligence Revolution, 2008.
This paper looks at the changes that have taken place in the field of intelligence in the United States and discusses that further transformations are required.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the transformations that occurred in the intelligence field after the Second World War and during the Cold War brought up what can be called an intelligence revolution because of the nature of these transformations. The writer points out that the United States experienced a rapid growth in military technique, but there was also an unprecedented international willingness to share intelligence. Considering these changes, the impact of the intelligence revolution on the evolution of the United States was considerable. The writer maintains that the technological developments in the intelligence field during the Cold War caused an intelligence revolution in the US which made it possible for the United States to have a great advantage over its enemies. The writer concludes that the supremacy of US intelligence has not been questioned until 2001, after the terrorist attacks. More and more voices now call for another intelligence revolution that would adapt the U.S. to the new circumstances.
From the Paper
"Before the Second World War the American intelligence was at a very low level, at least comparing to what followed. There was little valuable intelligence information related to the Soviet Union, Germany or Japan which was taken directly from the source, through field agents. American intelligence was mostly directed against internal threats represented by communist supporters and later, Nazi agents. However, this was the period when the transformations in the intelligence field began. US agents were making strides in code breaking and the organization of intelligence services began to function a little more complex.
"The message encoding represented the first step towards a more elaborate intelligence. This was most noticeable after the Pearl Harbour attacks and was focused especially on the Japanese. US efforts for cracking Japanese military messages intensified after the attacks and the leader in this effort was the Combat Intelligence Unit belonging to the US Navy. Due to the technical evolution, the US military was able to crack the Japanese code and intercept thousands of messages during the World War II."
| |
|
Spearman and Gardner Intelligence, 2007.
This paper explores models of intelligence by Charles Spearman and by Howard Gardner.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at intelligence as knowledge that allows a person to learn from experience and observation. The writer notes that intelligence also allows humans to adapt to changes in their environment, or to adapt the environment through manipulation and the use of tools. Further, the writer points out that there is much debate, regarding the nature of intelligence and what cognitive functions comprise intelligence. This paper compares and contrasts two prevailing theories of intelligence, proposed by Charles Spearman and by Howard Gardner.
Outline:
Spearman's Model
Multiple Intelligence
Many Forms of Intelligence
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Howard Gardner, a cognitive theorist, pursued this idea further by proposing a theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner devised a criteria of eight intelligences, including linguistic skills, bodily-kinesthetic skills and logical-mathematical skills. According to Gardner, people can have different profiles of intelligence, meaning that they can have challenges in some areas but exhibit strengths in others. Because of these different forms of intelligence, Gardner proposed that people also have distinct learning styles. Thus, a person with strengths in kinesthetic and spatial intelligence will have very different learning styles from people who have strong linguistic and logical-mathematical skills."
| |
|
The KAIT Intelligence Test.
This paper critiques the intelligence test, KAIT, which is the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test, authored by Alan S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman.
940 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the theoretical design of the KAIT is problem-solving skills using fluid and crystallized abilities, rather than merely measuring intelligence capacity, as based on the Cattell-Horn model of fluid/crystallized intelligence. The paper points out that, because KAIT de-emphasizes response speed and motor proficiency, it is especially useful when testing the elderly or other groups where measuring cognitive functioning separately from psychomotor ability is important, or in comparing young children, where psychomotor ability has a higher correlation to intelligence. The paper relates that the composite IQs on the KAIT demonstrate high construct validity with tests such as WISC-R, WAIS-R, and K-ABC; the manual reports KAIT profiles for clinical samples, including neurologically impaired (left vs. right), clinically depressed, reading disabled, and Alzheimer's-type dementia.
Table of Contents
General Information
Test Description
Purpose of Test
Technical Evaluation
Reliability
Internal Consistency
Test-Retest
Adequacy of Reliability Evidence to Support Potential Uses of the Test Validity
Summary, Evaluation, and Critique
From the Paper
"The crystallized (or learned) scale consists of three, separately scaled and then collectively computed elements. The first is "Auditory Comprehension." This involves "listening to a recording of (or examiner reading aloud) a news story, then answering literal and inferential questions about the story. Then, "Double Meanings" which involves "studying two sets of word clues, then thinking of a word with two different meanings that fits both sets of clues." Finally, "Definitions" or "integrating two types of clues-a word with some of its letters missing and an oral clue about the word's meaning-to identify the word."
|
|
|
