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The Dilemma of Rights for Homosexuals, 2004.
This paper discusses that the government is caught in a dilemma between assuring the freedom of religion and association of anti-homosexual individuals and, at the same time, assuring the basic human rights of homosexuals, especially in the area of work.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that much of the complaint on the side of gay rights activists is based on the common modern idea that every person has the right to employment; however, there exists a great philosophical question as to whether a right to work actually exists. The author points out that opposed to the right to work is the employer?s strong right to self-determination, disposal of his personal property, and his or her right of association. The paper concludes that, though gays and lesbians may have a moral right to work, no person, whether gay or straight, has a moral right to specific employment.
From the Paper
"Another view of rights suggests that they are man-made and legally created. In that case, ?the question whether there is a right to work then becomes a purely factual one" depending on whether or not the government has created such a right. Classically, rights are negative -- that is to say, they are determined by arenas in which no one should be allowed to interfere, such as a right to life, which should not be violated by murder. One could argue then that there is a moral right to work, in that no one should interfere with someone else?s occupation. At the same time, there does not seem to be a moral right to work for a particular employer or for a particular wage or to be paid at all. Few rights are positive in the sense that they are a right to have something, because that would require someone else to actively provide it."
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Rights for Homosexuals, 2002.
This paper is a discussion of the changing attitudes toward homosexual rights in America.
1,716 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history and development of rights of homosexuals in America leading up to the present. The writer cites examples of states, such as Texas, that have intentionally held onto a law prohibiting sodomy as a means to punish homosexual men. The paper includes examples of court cases that illustrate the struggle faced by homosexuals and their supporters for equality.
From the Paper
"The increasing inability of government to legislate sexual behavior, and therefore to regulate homosexuality, does not mean that homosexual rights are a universal inevitability. Attempts to add a clause to the Employment Non-Discrimination Act that would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation continue to face narrow defeat. Legislators are also at odds regarding efforts to include homosexual bias in the list of hate crimes violations. These examples of continued resistance indicate the kind of ongoing opposition to and revulsion for homosexuality that remain prominent in American society."
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Homosexual Rights, 2004.
A discussion of the rights awarded to homosexuals.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case for the passing of the civil rights protection of homosexuals. This paper presents the views and reasons of the people who oppose the passing of this act. This paper then demonstrates the importance of the passing of this act and how it would benefit the society at large. The paper also highlights certain quotes to support its claim.
From the Paper
"Civil rights protection of the homosexual has gained much momentum over the years. The United States Supreme Court in its Bill of Rights declared that sexuality is an indispensable component of self-definition and the state has no right to pervade someone?s home privacy. Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is also a violation of the 14th Amendment. Despite everything, homosexuals still suffer as far as employment, housing facilities and rights are concerned."
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Homosexual and Heterosexual Rights, 2002.
Examines how homosexual civil rights differ from heterosexual rights, using works by Hobbes, Kant and Locke to explore the issue.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper will consider the question as to whether or not homosexuals ought to have the same civil and contractual/legal rights as heterosexual persons. This paper will explore this by analyzing, through moral philosophy, a rationale for the difference between heterosexuals and homosexuals and specifically, for the ways these differences are used to deny rights to legal marriage, adoption of children and/or custody of children and to share as a legal partner in loss and insurance claims. Moral theory might help to frame an inquiry into how this works, in a civil society. To explore this, with the intention of arriving at an answer to the question, we will first refer to Hobbes' arguments for a law of social contracts, followed by a consideration of Kant's moral imperatives and concluding with a closer reading of Locke's notes on identity and diversity.
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Homosexual Rights, 2002.
Thispaper argues that excluding homosexuals from the right to belong in a "family union" is anti-democratic.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Mossop and Egan cases in the context of how homosexual rights were denied.
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Gay Rights and Civil Rights, 2007.
This paper compares and contrasts gay rights with civil rights.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses whether homosexuals should receive rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights. The writer questions whether gays should receive rights compared to civil rights. The writer argues that while it is true that gays and minorities are often mistreated, the difference is in the ability to make a decision. The writer maintains that gay rights are different than civil rights because homosexuals make the decision to be gays and even the Bible shows that it is wrong, but African-Americans are born "black" and the Bill of Rights guarantee rights to "all men". The writer then points out that the Civil Rights Act was passed to guarantee that all African-Americans be treated equally with other Americans. The writer argues that comparing gay rights with civil rights shows that gays make a decision to date or love another person of the same sex, while African-Americans are born with their skin color and they should be given the same rights as any American.
From the Paper
"Before determining whether gays should have rights it is important to look at the definition of homosexuals. The definition of homosexuals will show that it is defined as a sexual orientation with romantic love and sexual desire of the same sex or gender. When a person falls in love with another person, a decision must be made to love the person. Homosexuality is a decision. The gay person decides to fall in love with another person of his or her same gender. This is the same as if a person decides to never date a person or if a person decides to fall in love with another person of a difference sex. Since it is a decision, people should not receive certain rights because they make a decision. Many homosexuals and minorities are rejected jobs and other freedoms so many people believe they should have rights as guaranteed by the Bill of Rights. However, it is important to remember that homosexuals decide whether they want to have a love life with a member of the same sex."
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Gay Marriage Rights, 2004.
A look at how marriage rights for homosexuals became a dominant issue in the 2004 election.
1,808 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the media's influence on the voting behavior of different ethnic and minority groups. More specifically, the paper looks at how the media helped make marriage rights for gays a dominant issue in the 2004 election.
From the Paper
"In the Presidential election, the media played a key role in influencing different ethnic and minority groups. This election, more than perhaps any other in our nation's history, was decided by specific blocs of voters who were influenced by the media. The Republican and Democratic Parties targeted their media buys extensively at their ethnic and cultural constituencies, resulting in the largest turnout ever numerically and the largest turnout as a percentage of the population in almost fifty years. While the Democrats did a good job of targeting and..."
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Comparative Homosexuals Politics, 2004.
This paper compares the treatment and laws concerning homosexuals of Egypt, the Netherlands and America.
2,822 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Egypt has one of the most egregious records in the world concerning the rights of homosexuals because (1) homosexuality is taboo culturally, socially and politically, (2) gay men are demonized both by the press and public and, (3) for over fifty years, the legislation has made male homosexual conduct criminal. The author points out that a survey of American adults shows that the majority of Americans today attribute homosexuality to genetics and are supportive of extending rights for domestic partnerships and marriage to homosexuals; nonetheless, twenty-two states still have laws which criminalize homosexual behavior between two consenting adults, even when done in private. The paper relates that Netherlands was the first country in the world to recognize full marriage rights for homosexuals because the Dutch argue that people are going to do what they want to do no matter what the law is, so they might as well legalize homosexuality so it can be discussed out in the open and regulated.
Table of Contents
Egypt's Political Stance
The Cairo 52
America's Political Stance
The Netherlands Political Stance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The law condoning homosexual marriage passed in the lower house with a 109-33 vote and in the upper house with a 49-26 majority; the law went into effect April 1, 2001. When the first homosexual marriages were underway the Vatican denounced what was happening as a "grave danger" but the mayor of Amsterdam responded by saying, "we have gained insight that an institution as important as marriage should be open to everyone." Homosexuals now have marriage rights that are equivalent to that of heterosexuals except that homosexual couples may not adopt children from other countries because of their sensitivities."
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Civil Rights Movements, 2005.
A discussion on the American Civil Rights Movements, focusing primarily on the fight for civil rights for African-Americans, women and homosexuals.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "
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The Privacy Rights of Individuals, 2005.
This paper discusses court cases, which deal with the privacy rights of individuals in the areas of homosexuality, drug testing, birth control and the right to die.
1,270 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although everyone agrees that privacy rights of individuals should be protected by governmental laws, the extent of one's right to privacy has often been a matter of vast disagreement in the court system of the United States. The author points out that an individual's right to sexual privacy, including homosexuality, is an issue that has been brought before the courts repeatedly; "Bowers v. Hardwick" is a landmark case fought in 1986, which tested these boundaries. The paper relates that the United States Supreme Court has established that, to some extent, an individual does have a limited right to die: by citing "Griswold v. Connecticut" and even "Roe v. Wade", the court stated that, if the right to privacy is broad enough to include a woman's decision to terminate her pregnancy, it also provides a basis for the right to die.
From the Paper
"Drug testing is another issue that has been fiercely debated in the courts. With the increase of illegal drug use across the United States, many institutions have tried to institute a policy of random testing in order to combat the problem. Opponents of this policy claim that these random drug tests are an invasion of privacy rights and violate the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches. A group of parents challenged the Oklahoma school district's policy of random drug testing in front of the Supreme Court. The school district established a policy of random urine tests for students who want to join the marching band, academic team or any competitive extracurricular activity. In previous cases, the court had ruled that general urine testing required a warrant or some evidence of drug use. However, in a school setting, there is a lower expectation to privacy and in Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton in 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that drug testing for student athletes did not violate their privacy rights, since these students were the most at risk and could choose whether or not to participate in sporting activities."
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Gay Rights Legislation, 2006.
This paper examines the gay rights debate and the impact legislation may have.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how for individuals who practice a homosexual lifestyle, the issue of gay rights looms large. Legislation passed in favor of or against gay rights has a real impact on the quality of their lives, i.e., spousal medical benefits, alimony-like support, being able to keep one's job or getting fired, the right to marry and the ability to adopt children. For the social and religious conservatives, the impact of the passing or the restricting of various gay rights is not as profound. They may be uncomfortable with having to recognize a marriage, for instance, between two males or two females, but gay rights legislation isn't going to profoundly affect the quality of their life.
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The Gay Rights Movement, 2002.
Explores milestones in the history of the gay rights movement in America.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The end of World War II brought about a great change in the gay community. For the first time, groups of homosexuals lived together in the same communities. This new visibility also brought about new prejudices and gay bars became a constant target for police raids. This paper discusses the history of the gay rights movement, beginning with the initial call for a gay movement by Harry Hay in 1948. The paper looks at the effect of Hay's Mattachine Society on the McCarthy era and the political power it wields. Other issues discussed include the society's "One" magazine, President Eisenhower's ban on homosexuals as government workers, Allen Ginsburg's poem "Howl" and the history of the lesbian movement. The paper looks at the Stonewall Riots of 1969 which resulted in a new form of activism with the creation of 'gay liberation' groups. Finally, the paper looks at the effect of AIDS/HIV on the gay community.
From the Paper
"In 1958 the first lesbian organization was developed by Barbara Gittings. This was a ?homophile? organization much like the Mattachine Society. This group, known as the Daughters of Bilitis argued that homosexuals were oppressed minorities, not people who were sick or deranged. During the 1950?s this organization was infiltrated by both the FBI and the CIA. Initially, fear of exposure kept the enrollment low, but when they began to produce their magazine, The Ladder, many began to recognize the organization and the work it was doing. (Out of the Past, Pg 3)"
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Homosexuals in the Military, 2008.
This paper discusses homosexuals in the military and looks at the United States Constitution as it relates to this issue.
803 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer eplains that "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" (DADT) is a military policy where gay, lesbian and bisexual members are required to keep their sexual orientation private and not engage in any sexual activities or conduct that would purport a homosexual lifestyle. This paper analyzes how this policy has failed to integrate homosexuals in the armed forces and has instead exacerbated the issues surrounding the gay ban in the US armed forces. The writer maintains that the DADT, irrespective of whether it had good intentions, has failed. The writer concludes that there is a need for changes in the United States Constitution if gays, lesbians, bisexuals, or transgender are to be integrated in the armed forces, since Congress has the power to deny individuals these rights.
Outline:
Introduction
A Brief History: Don't Ask, Don't Tell, Don't Pursue, Don't Harass
The Failure of the DADT Policy
From the Paper
"The United States is considered one of the most economically advanced countries in the free world; however, they are lagging when it comes to changing policies that stand to benefit the overall economy. As stated by Belkin, increasing amounts of countries are allowing gays and lesbians to serve in the armed forces. Belkin shows that Australia, Canada, Israel, and Britain reversed its gay ban and have transitioned into countries that now have service members that are integrated into the armed forces, irrespective of sexual orientation. Unlike popular anti-gay individuals speculated there was no mass upheavals or unstable periods, when the gay ban was reversed, in fact many homosexuals still preferred not to share the fact that they were gay. With the DADT policy in place, it is unlikely that the United States will ever come close to the removal of gay bans in the armed forces as these countries have."
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The Ordination of Homosexuals, 2006.
Argues that the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America should not permit the ordination of homosexuals.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The ordination of homosexuals has stirred a great deal of debate across America in recent years, and "ground zero" for this debate must surely be the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. In this paper, the writer argues that those in favor of ordaining homosexual pastors within the ELCA have failed to make convincing arguments for changing the long standing position of denying ordination to homosexuals engaged in a sexual relationship. The traditional by-laws, as well as the long-standing church doctrine of not ordaining homosexuals engaged in sexual relations should stand undisturbed for the very simple yet significant reason that, in deference to the ethics of identity, Christian organizations should behave in accordance with their fundamental religious tenets.
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Institutional Discrimination of Homosexuals in Canada, 2006.
This paper defines institutional discrimination and explains how it applies to homosexuals in Canada by denying them access to some governmental institutions.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Canadian homosexuals face institutional discrimination. This prejudice upholds stereotypes of gays as well as impacts their ability to have equal rights in a free society. Institutional discrimination as a term is defined and applied to the current situation faced by homosexuals in Canada. The author contends that although overt discrimination against homosexuals is disappearing, institutional discrimination maintains the status quo.
From the Paper
"Overt discrimination against homosexuals seems to be disappearing. However, homosexual people in Canada still don't have the same access to institutions that other Canadians do. This would seem to indicate that homosexual Canadians are facing a high degree of institutional discrimination. Institutional discrimination is defined as the policies and or behaviours of an institution that negatively impact subordinate and or minority groups in a society (Pincus 1996: 186). Institutional discrimination of homosexuals is basically used to maintain the dominant status of heterosexuals in Canadian society by excluding homosexuals from these institutions. In order to become full and equal members of Canadian society homosexuals need to be able to be a part of any institution they wish."
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