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Digital Imaging, 2006.
Discusses the use of digital imaging in hospital radiology departments, the promise it holds, how it is evolving and the main types of digital imaging.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in spite of the usefulness and potential of the digital imaging process in hospital radiology departments, the cost of the equipment it requires has stopped digital imaging in hospital radiology departments from progressing and growing as fast as was hoped. The paper also explains that the slow progression towards digital imagery does not mean that the importance for the future that the technology holds should be discounted. The paper then discusses the two main types of digital imaging systems as they relate to hospital radiology departments and concludes with a discussion of image quality and its significance. A copy of the source documents used are also appended to the paper.
Table of Contents
The Evolution of Digital Imaging
Computed Radiography (CR)
Digital Radiography (DR)
Image Quality
From the Paper
"Digital imaging in hospital radiology departments came about for several reasons. The most important of these, however, was the idea that the digital images could be viewed by any authorized person at any time, thus making it much easier and faster for those that needed to see them to have access to these images (Gillespie, 1999). These digital images eliminate the need for films and film libraries, thus freeing up space, as well. However, there are still problems with this issue that have stopped digital imaging in hospital radiology departments from progressing and growing as fast as was hoped. The major concern for these departments is the cost that is incurred when it comes to the digital imaging equipment, which is much more expensive than the older methods that were previously used to take x-rays and perform other functions (Gillespie, 1999)."
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Ethics in the Age of Digital Imaging, 2005.
A look at ethical responsibility in a digital imaging environment.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The radiographic industry finds itself flooded with marketing propaganda promoting the myriad benefits of digital imaging systems. While computed radiography and direct radiography systems greatly improve departmental productivity, an environment exists for potential systematic overexposure. This paper examines how system design combined with training and education deficits regarding dose awareness makes adherence to the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)principle extremely difficult. It also looks at how improved, vendor driven education in conjunction with well-planned quality assurance programs can help rectify practitioners' ethical obligations with digital imaging.
From the Paper
"Ease of acquisition has inadvertently caused a two-fold problem in radiology departments: one) a trend exists where more images than necessary are being obtained; two) more imaging studies are being ordered than are justified. In the first scenario, rapid acquisition of images allows for instant gratification. Previously, an image of borderline quality may have been accepted for diagnosis rather than re-expose the patient. Now, instead of submitting the image to the radiologist for possible acceptance, it is increasingly common to find that technologists are repeating images as the simplest course of action. (Parry et al, 1999) In the second situation, utilization of radiologic services is rising dramatically with the implementation of digital imaging. "
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Digital Medical Imaging, 2007.
This paper discusses advances in technological healthcare, focusing on digital medical imaging.
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that during the past few decades, advances in healthcare have emerged, as new forms of technological integration have been implemented as part of the overall healthcare management system. The writer points out that healthcare providers, doctors and patients require more technological integration into the system providing real time data analysis and the possibility of enhancing medical knowledge. The writer notes that advances such as the possibility of faster, more efficient and effective healthcare are at the forefront of medicine, as digital imaging sees no boundaries for the future of healthcare. The writer concludes that the available research on digital medical imaging indicates that as improvements in health care become more necessary and evident, the technology will continue to improve the standards of health care for all individuals.
Outline:
Origin
Introduction into Healthcare
Impact on Healthcare
Pros and Cons
Advancements for the Future of Healthcare
From the Paper
"Digital medical imaging has several impacts on current healthcare services. Today, DIACOM is the ubiquitous standard in radiology and imaging industry for the exchange and management of images and image related information. Currently, in addition to the most basic DIACOM service, image transmission, a number of advanced services also exist. There is a DIACOM image archive service that allows images to be searched in a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) by certain patient information, such as date the images were created and modality. These pictures are downloadable from the archive. DIACOM also offers a print service that allows for access to laser cameras or printers over a network so that multiple modalities and workstations can share printers. Another advanced service is a DIACOM modality worklist service that facilitates an automatically downloadable up-to-date worklist that includes the patient demographic data from the information system to the modality."
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Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, 2004.
Assessment and comparison of Digital Images (DICOM and non-DICOM) as viewed on web-based systems and image workstations.
6,752 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 46 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough explanation of the digital imaging process and its application in the field of medicine. The paper talks about the aim of DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) standards, how DICOM standards have been adopted by other medical specialties, and how they have become the predominant standard for the communication of medical images. The paper explains the specifics of DICOM standards, the mission, and usage. The paper also explains what non-DICOM images are and the features required to convert non-DICOM output to DICOM output. The paper also talks about the ethical issues and implications of medical imaging and how DICOM addresses these issues. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of DICOM. An overall positive assessment of DICOM standards concludes the paper.
Background
Research Design
Mission of DICOM
Usage of DICOM
Need for DICOM Knowledge
Non DICOM Images
Ethical Issues/Implications
The Future of DICOM
From the Paper
"The waning cost of computer processing power and the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth fueled by the Internet will remain to have increasing benefits for medicine. New applications and capabilities, especially those based on the integration of information from multiple sources, will play an ever-growing role in improving the quality of healthcare delivery and reducing costs. One of the most primitive visions for the application of communications technology came into view in 1924 with an illustration on the cover of a magazine presenting the "Radio Doctor". The illustration shows what is basically a modern interactive video conferencing unit with medical peripherals. The irony is that, at that time these technology were not available at that time. Way back in 1973, two doctors Paul Capp and Sol Nudelman visualized "Photo-electronic Radiology", a pioneer technology in itself. They had the courage to announce that there was no longer requirement of the film and all radiological imaging would be obtained by computer based, photo-electronic systems. Images would then be stored electronically, transmitted around the hospital in digital format and viewed on electronic displays. At that time as well, the technologies necessary to fulfill such a vision were not existing or just in their formative years. The microprocessor was just being developed. Local area networks were still a research lab curiosity. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays were prehistoric, bulky, very expensive and offered relatively low quality images."
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Digital Imaging, 2005.
This paper discusses some of the uses of digital imaging in business.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how scanners can transfer text and pictures into digital form for manipulation and storage. The author points out that digital imagining allows storage in a smaller area. The paper relates that digital imagining manipulates information into a different format for use in desktop publishing of company documents and similar uses.
From the Paper
"Digital imaging has a wide variety of uses today, serving as a new means of photography, empowering office copiers, allowing for the transfer of images over long distances, and so on. Digital technology is computer technology translating information into a series of numbers, computer code that can be read and transformed back into the original form. Digital information can be text, sound, or pictures when translated, and in its digital form the information can be stored, retrieved, sent from one place to another, and altered, all with greater ease than changing the original material. Digital imaging in the workplace is found in office computers, copiers, fax machines, databases, and so on."
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Digital Medical Imaging -An Enterprise Approach, 2007.
This paper describes digital asset management in the health care system.
1,247 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues and challenges involved in an enterprise-centric approach to the managing of digital content. The writer specifically focuses on the management of medical imagery, a field commonly referred to as digital asset management. Additionally, the writer discusses the need for standards that provide for the creation of digital medical imaging systems.
From the Paper
"At the center of integration efforts within the medical digital imaging system design efforts in the industry today is the creation of the virtually integrated electronic patient record (VIEPR), which is the basis of the future generation of wireless and web-based applications that are capable of "tracking" to patients as they progress through treatment programs. The VIEPR concept is aimed at taking digital medical imaging strategies and making them on an "always on" status that patients can present for analysis by medical professionals including radiologists and medical specialists. The future of thin-client based medical digital imaging delivery applications is based on this technology."
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An Enduring Digital Library, 2005.
This paper discusses current trends and issues relating to the building and maintaining of an enduring digital library.
17,350 words (approx. 69.4 pages), 45 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides broader insight into topics such as technology use, copy right laws, user needs, costs and the integration of digital and physical materials. The author points out that the advantages of digital libraries include immediate access to a heterogeneous presentation of materials and the ability to find new and innovative uses for these materials; however, the disadvantages of digital libraries include the costs associated with maintaining them. The paper indicates the need for considering the needs of users when selecting the types of materials that will be present in a digital library. The paper includes chart, several quotations and additional annotation of the bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Digital Libraries
Advantages of Digital Libraries
Disadvantages
Overcoming the Disadvantages Associated with Digital Libraries
Technology Issues
Advantages of Digital Imaging
Disadvantages of Digital Imaging
Search and Retrieval Tools
Search Engines
Digital Collection
Cataloging Digitized Images
Virtual Unity and Coherence
Distributed Searching
Distributed Indexing
Intellectual Property and Copyright Issues
Integration of Digital and Physical Materials
Presentation of Heterogeneous Materials
Appealing to Various Users with Varied Purposes
User Transformation of Digital Content
Costs and Funding
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Storage virtualization is able to accomplish this by making physically separate and heterogeneous storage arrays seem to be a single logical pool of storage resources, controllable from a central console. The purpose of the program is for data to freely flow between the different tiers and types of storage, depending on business needs, without disturbing the operating environment. The author also asserts that "The single most important attribute of any storage virtualization solution is the ability to mask complexity and thereby make manageable that which is increasingly unmanageable.""
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Fusion Techniques for Image Retrieval, 2006.
An evaluation of fusion techniques for image retrieval of digital images.
1,127 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses fusion techniques for image retrieval of digital images, in particular the technique using support vector machine (SVM). The paper describes an experiment that was run in order to test the stability of this technique and it details the results that were found.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Fusion Techniques
SVM
Ensemble
Average and Max
Experiment
Conclusion and Observations
From the Paper
"Against the backdrop of increased digital images, an accurate image retrieval system is in demand and is supported by a number of methods. Classification is one of the most important parts of image retrieval. Of the several classification techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM) is the most efficient and the most accurate, especially in cases where the number of samples is small [4]. In addition, to transfer data to higher dimensions, SVM can adapt for non-linear boundary problems [5]."
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Digital Radiography, 2006.
This paper defines and examines the topic of digital radiography which has basically replaced the need for traditional x-ray images and photography.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper defines digital radiography as a branch of radiography which converts X-ray images to electronic data which can then be viewed and read by radiologists on a monitor. The writer stresses the convenience of being able to store digital radiographic images on computer discs. This paper details the various uses and advantages of digital radiography including the fact that this particular method is quicker and far more accurate than the previous practice of producing x-ray images. This paper discusses the differences between computed radiography and digital direct radiography while also delving into the pros and cons of both radiographic methods.
From the Paper
"The 'Direct Digital Radiography' System provides options for the transition to digital technology. This system offers the highest quality images that are available in DR today. Developed only in recent years, the system can be used across a large number of potential applications. The advantages of the system are that it consists of two types of detectors, one direct and the other, indirect. In the setup for its imaging, indirect sensors convert x-rays into light, and then convert that into electronic signals. The images depend on both signal profiles as well as on image resolution. The system relies on a scintillation method, wherein x-ray energy may be converted into light, and this light can then be converted into electronic signals by thin-film diodes."
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Medical Imaging Techniques, 2003.
Discusses how various imaging techniques work.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 16 sources, $ 103.95
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Abstract
Discusses early development, methods, radiology and traditional x-rays. Covers digital imaging and x-rays, computer tomography scans (CT), positron emission tomograpohy (PET) tomography and gamma rays, and thermography.
From the Paper
"The first imaging techniques developed for medicine, x-rays, were discovered in 1985 by William Roentgen, and they were first used in medicine in 1896 (Lentle and Aldrich, 1997). Early radiology was chiefly concerned with skeletal morphology."
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Digital Television and the Law, 2004.
An analysis of digital television and a comparison of digital and analog television.
3,714 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses digital television, comparing it to analog television. The paper presents an explanation and assessment of the current laws and mandates regarding digital television in America and in the United Kingdom. The paper explores the technology involved and provides examples of several cable companies that offer digital television.
From the Paper
"Though some providers of digital television like Sky claim that weather conditions do not affect the clarity of images on digital television, this fact has been demonstrated as not being true. Weather does affect digital images and there is a certain amount of corruption present. In fact, though the images are better than those of analogous television, the limitations of the compression technology that is used for digital television is apparent in the manner in which ?digital artifacts? or ?after images? as they are better known occur on the television when the picture changes much too fast, or even when other channels are fighting for the same bandwidth at the same time. Digital television must not be confused with ?high definition? television; in fact digital television occupies the same number of lines of 625, as the analogous television."
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Radiological Imaging, 2004.
An analysis of portable computed radiography versus portable digital radiography.
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the system most suited for the use of evaluation of the catheter positioning in the chest of the patient in the intensive therapy unit environment. Traditionally, these images are difficult to process. The paper determines whether the images produced through digital radiography or those produced through computed radiography are optimal in terms of the best system in order to reduce risk to the patient due to higher radiation doses or incorrect positioning.
From the Paper
"The Department of nuclear medicine and diagnostic Imaging, at Kyoto University School of Medicine and the physicians named as Tadamura, Kubo, Yamamuro, and Konishi wrote in their work that "Nuclear cardiology has played a significant role in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease. MRI and multidector-row CT (MDCT) has recently been introduced in the filed of clinical cardiology. For the management of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging modalities. Tadamura, Kubo, Yamamuro, & Konishi (1998). The work entitled "Digital Imaging with a Photostimulable Phosphor in the Chest of Newborns" states that when comparing imaging of newborn mediastinum, lung bones, and soft tissues the images ere "significantly better on computed radiographs than on half-exposure computed radiographs and that visualization of the lungs, bones and soft tissues was statically significantly better on screen-film radiographs than half-exposure computed radiographs."
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Digital Recording, 1991.
This paper discusses digital recording, with a focus on digital audio tape (DAT) recorders: History and development, theory and technology, quality, playback, encoding and compact discs.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 111.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the concept of digital recording, with a focus on digital audio tape (DAT) recorders. The methods of digital recording sharply contrast those of analog recording which preceded them. Analog recording is based on the concept of capturing the shapes of sound waves as they vibrate in the air. In an analog recording, sound is "stored as a physical representation of the original soundform". An example of this can be seen in the squiggly lines which form the grooves on a phonograph record. With digital recording, on the other hand, computer technology is used to convert analog waveforms into numerical, or digital, data. In a compact disc (CD) player, this data is read by means of a laser; in a DAT player, it is read by means of a rotary tape head. Because digital recording uses numerical data instead of physical ... '
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Legalities of Digital Technology, 2006.
A look at privacy issues in the United States and Canada in relation to digital technologies.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
As the globe becomes more dependent on digital technology to exchange information over the Internet societies are becoming more concerned with issues of privacy. Individuals surfing the net, purchasing products over the Internet, and corresponding with others via the World Wide Web are required to provide personal information that has the potential of being used illegally in many ways. The United States has relied on the wording of the fourth amendment of the constitution in past years to address privacy issues in the country. Yet, as digital technology has evolved the focus on this amendment to resolve privacy concerns in relation to digital media is restricted by privacy in relation to search and seizure. This paper discusses the issues of privacy in relation to digital media, focusing on how these issues are handled in the United States and Canada.
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Digital Black and White Photography, 2008.
An analysis of the history of digital photography and a comparison of its results with those of analog cameras, focusing on black and white developments.
1,353 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that digital cameras are better than analogue cameras. Specifically, the paper looks briefly at the history of digital photography, at its utility in matters such as record-keeping and crime-fighting and at some noteworthy instances of digital photography producing impressive and compelling works. Finally, the paper looks at all of the various reasons why it may be said that digital black and white photography is better than analog black and white photography.
From the Paper
"More than that, the technology that makes digital black and white photographs possible always runs the risk of becoming obsolete. For instance, the old Epson 2200, 7600, 9600 printers have been pushed aside by Epson Stylus Pro 4800, by the Epson Stylus Pro 7800, and by the Epson Stylus Pro 9800 (FLAAR Network, para.8); simply put, unlike the fairly low-maintenance prints rendered by analog cameras, the "splashy" digital B&W prints of today place photography enthusiasts in the uncomfortable position of seeking out new technological tools that have a (quite literally) a built-in obsolescence factor. Be that as it may, though, most photographers will gladly accept this trade-off if it means the chance to be more creative."
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