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Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, 2004.
Assessment and comparison of Digital Images (DICOM and non-DICOM) as viewed on web-based systems and image workstations.
6,752 words (approx. 27.0 pages), 46 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough explanation of the digital imaging process and its application in the field of medicine. The paper talks about the aim of DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) standards, how DICOM standards have been adopted by other medical specialties, and how they have become the predominant standard for the communication of medical images. The paper explains the specifics of DICOM standards, the mission, and usage. The paper also explains what non-DICOM images are and the features required to convert non-DICOM output to DICOM output. The paper also talks about the ethical issues and implications of medical imaging and how DICOM addresses these issues. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of DICOM. An overall positive assessment of DICOM standards concludes the paper.
Background
Research Design
Mission of DICOM
Usage of DICOM
Need for DICOM Knowledge
Non DICOM Images
Ethical Issues/Implications
The Future of DICOM
From the Paper
"The waning cost of computer processing power and the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth fueled by the Internet will remain to have increasing benefits for medicine. New applications and capabilities, especially those based on the integration of information from multiple sources, will play an ever-growing role in improving the quality of healthcare delivery and reducing costs. One of the most primitive visions for the application of communications technology came into view in 1924 with an illustration on the cover of a magazine presenting the "Radio Doctor". The illustration shows what is basically a modern interactive video conferencing unit with medical peripherals. The irony is that, at that time these technology were not available at that time. Way back in 1973, two doctors Paul Capp and Sol Nudelman visualized "Photo-electronic Radiology", a pioneer technology in itself. They had the courage to announce that there was no longer requirement of the film and all radiological imaging would be obtained by computer based, photo-electronic systems. Images would then be stored electronically, transmitted around the hospital in digital format and viewed on electronic displays. At that time as well, the technologies necessary to fulfill such a vision were not existing or just in their formative years. The microprocessor was just being developed. Local area networks were still a research lab curiosity. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) displays were prehistoric, bulky, very expensive and offered relatively low quality images."
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Modern Medicine as State or Corporate Medicine, 2007.
This paper asses whether modern medicine is state medicine or corporate medicine, citing examples from British and American history.
1,467 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer argues that the choice between state and corporate medicine is a relatively recent phenomenon. The writer notes that such a luxury sharply contrasts with the historical development of medical care, specifically during the nineteenth century in Britain and America, which sought, through the interventions of the state, to provide for the poor. From such a perspective, then, this essay posits that modern medicine is less about the choice between state and corporate provision than the foundations state medicine essentially helped create from which corporate medicine later benefited.
From the Paper
"Chadwick believed that many of the illness and diseases which inflicted the poor would be lessened or even eradicated. Importantly, the implication of the lawyer's report was that these measures could only be carried out by the state at a time when Britain subscribed to the creed of political economy, which held the laissez-faire state to be a paramount virtue. Yet following Chadwick's report, a Royal Commission on the Health of Towns was set up, which met between 1843 and 1845, leading to Liverpool creating the first sanitary authority in 1846 which spawned similar bodies elsewhere. By the time the Public Health Act of 1848 was passed the important role of the state was set in stone: a central government department was created as the General Board of Health; local sanitary authorities were invested with powers to coordinate municipal responsibilities; and a local inspection regime was also created that appointed medical health officers. Consequently, by 1853, 284 districts and 103 towns had applied to adopt the Public Health Act. But the crucial characteristic of the Act was that, while it did concede the importance of the role of the state, it did not make the adoption of the Act compulsory."
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Energy Medicine, 2002.
This paper explores, in details that are easy to understand, the field of Energy Medicine as an alternative to traditional medicine.
3,625 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system operating within the human body, and the manipulation of this energy system can assist in maintaining physical health. The author says that there is a correlation between quantum physics and energy medicine: the belief that matter and energy are the same thing and because of this whatever is good or bad for one part of the body is equally good or bad for any other part of the body. The paper presents in detail the various modalities of Energy Medicine. The author includes writings of experts such as Gary Zucav.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Defining Quantum Theory
Quantum Physics? relation to Energy Medicine
What is Energy Medicine
Types of Energy Medicine
Ayurvedic Medicine
Magnetic Therapy
Bioenergetic Fields (Acupuncture)
Auras and Discharges
Quantum Mechanics
The Assemblage Point
Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Medicine
Which Mind-Body-Spirit Modalities Best Relate to Harmonizing Total Well-Being
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Energy Medicine is based on the concept that there is an energy system that operates within the human body. It is believed that the manipulation of this energy system can assist in the area of physical health. Supporters of energy medicine hold that energy and matter is the same thing; and if energy and matter are the same thing than every part of the body is connected to the other parts of the body. Energy medicine dictates that the mind, body and spirit are interconnected and thus if one part is effected all the parts are effected. This is very different from traditional medicine, which believes that the body is a collection of parts and that the mind and body are separate. "
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Natural Medicine, 2005.
This paper discusses natural medicine including an extensive compilation of various natural therapies.
34,390 words (approx. 137.6 pages), 94 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the more common personal health care style is a collective health care process, called alternative medicine or complementary medicine, which includes elements of allopathic practice, non-natural medicine and surgery and of natural medicine. The author points out the idea that natural medicine is actually traditional medicine and should be looked at as such, with benefits and drawbacks, just as allopathic medicine is consider by many people. As an example of the presented natural health therapies; the paper relates that the Alexander technique, both a natural health practice and a restorative natural medical treatment, is a technique used to reduce repetitive motion injury by retraining the body to move in a different, more natural way.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Natural Health
Hydrotherapy
Herbalism
Eclectic Medicine
Natural Hygiene
Natural Philosophy
Natural Healing
Natural Medicine
Fingernail and Tongue Analysis
Iridology
Hair Analysis
Live Blood Analysis (Darkfield Microscopy) and Dry Blood Analysis
Antibody (IgE, IgG) Test for Food Allergies
Acid-Alkaline Balance (Ph Testing)
Alternative Therapies
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Air Supply Personal Air Purifier
Alexander Technique.
Aromatherapy
Astropulse
Ayurveda
Bathing Therapy
Biomagnetics (Magnetic Field Energy Therapy)
Electro-Dermal Screening
Chelation Therapy
Chi Lel
Chiropractic Treatment
Colloidal Silver Therapy
Colonic Therapy (Colon Lavage, Colon Hydrotherapy)
Color Therapy (Chromotherapy)
Crystal Healing
Dental Amalgam Mercury Removal
Detoxification Therapy
Reflexology
Shiatsu
Rolfing
Fasting
Feng Shui Balance
Flower Essence Therapy
Food Detoxification
Flotation Tank
Glandular Therapy
Prayer
Guided Imagery (Visualization)
Herbal Medicine
Homeopathy
Hydrotherapy
Hypnotherapy
Hydrogen Peroxide Therapy
Juicing
Kinesiology
Laughter (Play) Therapy
Light Beam Generator Therapy
Light Therapy (Solar Therapy)
Lymphatic Therapy
Macrobiotics Diet
Massage Therapy
Moxibustion
Music and Sound Therapy
Naturopathy
Osteopathy
Oxygen Therapy
Radionics (Radiesthesia Dowsing), Reflexology
Reiki (Therapeutic Touch)
Infrared Heat Therapy
Vitamin C Therapy
Yoga
Holistic Nutrition
Food Safety
Exercise
Conventional Medicine
Maintaining Health
From the Paper
"In the time surrounding the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), in America, medicine was often seen as a part-time practice, conducted by laywomen and men who had a vocation for the healing arts or who inherited the knowledge from ancestral teachers. These healers who took care of their friends and families illnesses, injuries and births performed most medicine, outside the major centers of population. "Of course, these natural healing practices varied from locality to locality with major cities, like Boston, Philadelphia, and New York City having hospitals and other medical practices approaching those found in Europe.""
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An Enduring Digital Library, 2005.
This paper discusses current trends and issues relating to the building and maintaining of an enduring digital library.
17,350 words (approx. 69.4 pages), 45 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper provides broader insight into topics such as technology use, copy right laws, user needs, costs and the integration of digital and physical materials. The author points out that the advantages of digital libraries include immediate access to a heterogeneous presentation of materials and the ability to find new and innovative uses for these materials; however, the disadvantages of digital libraries include the costs associated with maintaining them. The paper indicates the need for considering the needs of users when selecting the types of materials that will be present in a digital library. The paper includes chart, several quotations and additional annotation of the bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Digital Libraries
Advantages of Digital Libraries
Disadvantages
Overcoming the Disadvantages Associated with Digital Libraries
Technology Issues
Advantages of Digital Imaging
Disadvantages of Digital Imaging
Search and Retrieval Tools
Search Engines
Digital Collection
Cataloging Digitized Images
Virtual Unity and Coherence
Distributed Searching
Distributed Indexing
Intellectual Property and Copyright Issues
Integration of Digital and Physical Materials
Presentation of Heterogeneous Materials
Appealing to Various Users with Varied Purposes
User Transformation of Digital Content
Costs and Funding
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Storage virtualization is able to accomplish this by making physically separate and heterogeneous storage arrays seem to be a single logical pool of storage resources, controllable from a central console. The purpose of the program is for data to freely flow between the different tiers and types of storage, depending on business needs, without disturbing the operating environment. The author also asserts that "The single most important attribute of any storage virtualization solution is the ability to mask complexity and thereby make manageable that which is increasingly unmanageable.""
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2004.
A look at how complementary and alternative medicine are being integrated with conventional medicine.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how some of the techniques and therapies used in alternative medicine are being integrated into the practice of conventional medicine. The paper explains that the combined use of alternative medicine with conventional medicine is known as Integrative Medicine.
From the Paper
"Today people are often questioning the methods of traditional medicine but are not quite ready to abandon them in favor of alternative or complementary treatments. Some doctors and hospitals are delving into the benefits of alternative and complementary medicine, combining some of the techniques used with traditional therapies. They are creating a field called integrative medicine or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Integrative medicine combines the best of traditional medicine with alternative medicine to maximize benefits for the patient."
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Digital Compression Technology, 2002.
Considers the present application and future application of digital compression technology in the field of medicine.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The role of digital compression technology within medicine is currently creating ease of access to medical records and data transfer. Future applications of this technology are expected to facilitate this data transfer yet will also better enhance medical research, identification and diagnosis of physical ailments, and aid in treatment strategies.
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Digital Imaging, 2006.
Discusses the use of digital imaging in hospital radiology departments, the promise it holds, how it is evolving and the main types of digital imaging.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in spite of the usefulness and potential of the digital imaging process in hospital radiology departments, the cost of the equipment it requires has stopped digital imaging in hospital radiology departments from progressing and growing as fast as was hoped. The paper also explains that the slow progression towards digital imagery does not mean that the importance for the future that the technology holds should be discounted. The paper then discusses the two main types of digital imaging systems as they relate to hospital radiology departments and concludes with a discussion of image quality and its significance. A copy of the source documents used are also appended to the paper.
Table of Contents
The Evolution of Digital Imaging
Computed Radiography (CR)
Digital Radiography (DR)
Image Quality
From the Paper
"Digital imaging in hospital radiology departments came about for several reasons. The most important of these, however, was the idea that the digital images could be viewed by any authorized person at any time, thus making it much easier and faster for those that needed to see them to have access to these images (Gillespie, 1999). These digital images eliminate the need for films and film libraries, thus freeing up space, as well. However, there are still problems with this issue that have stopped digital imaging in hospital radiology departments from progressing and growing as fast as was hoped. The major concern for these departments is the cost that is incurred when it comes to the digital imaging equipment, which is much more expensive than the older methods that were previously used to take x-rays and perform other functions (Gillespie, 1999)."
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Alternative and Conventional Medicine, 2006.
An analysis of the uses of alternative medicine and the differences between it and conventional medicine.
1,442 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper clarifies the differences between conventional and alternative medicine. The paper first discusses why people in certain cultures opt to use alternative medicine rather then conventional, and then looks at the advantages of alternative medicine and what we can learn from it. Additionally, the paper looks at why a majority of practitioners are now utilizing what can be called contemporary medicine.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
From the Paper
"The method used by Astin (1998) for testing were mail surveys that gathered information on use of alternative health care, perceived benefits and risks of these therapies, health beliefs and attitudes, views toward and experiences with conventional medicine, political beliefs, and worldview. The results were that relief of symptoms is the main benefit reported a central finding is that users of alternative health care are no more dissatisfied with or distrustful of conventional care than nonusers are (Astin, 1998). Second, the results can help identify and clarify prevailing cultural conceptions about and attitudes toward health and illness and examine the degree to which the growing interest in alternative medicine may represent a type of cultural paradigm shift regarding health beliefs and practices."
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Digital Television and the Law, 2004.
An analysis of digital television and a comparison of digital and analog television.
3,714 words (approx. 14.9 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses digital television, comparing it to analog television. The paper presents an explanation and assessment of the current laws and mandates regarding digital television in America and in the United Kingdom. The paper explores the technology involved and provides examples of several cable companies that offer digital television.
From the Paper
"Though some providers of digital television like Sky claim that weather conditions do not affect the clarity of images on digital television, this fact has been demonstrated as not being true. Weather does affect digital images and there is a certain amount of corruption present. In fact, though the images are better than those of analogous television, the limitations of the compression technology that is used for digital television is apparent in the manner in which ?digital artifacts? or ?after images? as they are better known occur on the television when the picture changes much too fast, or even when other channels are fighting for the same bandwidth at the same time. Digital television must not be confused with ?high definition? television; in fact digital television occupies the same number of lines of 625, as the analogous television."
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Holistic Medicine, 2002.
Examines the history of holistic medicine and some of the skepticism surrounding the practice of holistic medicine.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief history of holistic medicine and gives a general definition of holistic medicine and its approach toward healing. It traces some of the traditions of holistic medicine and discusses some of its practices and philosophies. The use of supplements in holistic and their effectiveness is also addressed.
General Definitions
History
Techniques Available
Royal jelly
Honey
Changing Trend
Research by Cancer Institute
From the Paper
"Holistic medicine includes a wide variety of practices and philosophies. The basic principle behind the theory is that each patient is a functioning, whole, physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual being. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognizes the importance of a treatment approach that addresses the psychological as well as the physical well being of the patient. By combining different techniques and natural remedies, a person can take control and obtain a feeling of total wellness: spiritually, physically, and mentally (NCI, 1999)."
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Bloodless Medicine and Surgery: Effective Alternatives Transfusion, 2003.
This is a technical report examining the benefits of bloodless medicine over transfusion. It looks at the history of blood in medicine, how blood works and the transfusion process.
5,236 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the benefits of bloodless medicine and surgery over the traditionally accepted methods. It first discusses a history of the traditional methods and then looks at how technology has advanced to more hi-tech bloodless options. The advantaged and disadvantages of each method is discussed and alternative treatments are suggested.
FIGURES AND TABLE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
BLOOD: THE JUICE OF LIFE
The Development of Blood as Medicine
Transfusion: A Gift of Blood
Blood Basics
Transfusion Practice
The Realities of Blood Transfusion
BLOODLESS ALTERNATIVES
Surgical Management
Blood Supplementation
Mechanical Enhancement
What the Future Holds
Advantages and Limitations of Bloodless Therapy
CONCLUSION
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
SURVEY
From the Paper
"Although few people are prepared to admit it, at some point in their lives they will, in all probability, end up requiring some manner of surgical intervention. However, the younger a person is, the less consideration is given to the decisions that will be faced in such a situation. This attitude is to be expected, as the common perception among most people is that it is only upon entering the ?golden? years of life that the body becomes prone to the illnesses which necessitate surgery. The facts however bear out a different reality. In the year 2000, those between the ages of fifteen and forty-four years old underwent surgical procedures nearly as often as did those in the sixty-five and older demographic."
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Allopathic Medicine, 2002.
A look at the pathology of allopathic medicine.
3,599 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of allopathic medicine or modern medicine. It examines how the allopathic approach to medicine has shown itself to be more kill than cure and how a change is desperately needed. It shows how modern allopathic medicine oppresses women and treats childbearing and childhood as a pathology and in general it takes a terrible toll with unnecessary and even dangerous techniques. It argues how modern medicine is in collusion with the pharmaceutical and insurance industries to create a system of profit rather than health and how the only effective alternative is to turn back to natural cures, to proper nutrition and diet and a holistic approach to healing.
From the Paper
"While women are far more likely to have unnecessary surgeries (other than circumcision) performed on them, allopathic medicine?s rush to operate is nearly criminal in all cases. In a review of New York hospitals, 43% of hysterectomies reviewed were shown to be unnecessary. Mendelsohn records that the most conservative estimates suggest that about 2.4 million unnecessary surgeries are performed every year. The number is likely far higher than that when one takes into account that even ?officially? necessary surgeries may not always be the best choice. Men as well as women suffer in this regard. Doctors overprescribe pharmaceutical medicines designed to treat rather than to cure. They also perform hosts of unnecessary surgeries. Even surgeries that may seem necessary are no guarantees. For example, according to Smith?s research, there is no difference in long term survival between those with cardiac problems who agree to undergo surgery (and survive it) and those who do not undergo surgery."
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Allopathic Medicine, 2007.
This paper explores whether the benefits of allopathic (conventional) medicine outweigh the risks.
4,202 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the philosophy of medicine and Western views that support the allopathic viewpoint. The paper then details the criticism levelled at conventional medicine, which concerns allopathic medicine's lack of understanding of the holistic and interconnected nature of human health. The paper concludes that there is no doubt that modern allopathic medicine has brought about incredible advances in disease control and healthcare. The paper also shows, however, that there are also many risks and dangers to this form of medicine that are not as widely known or publicized.
Outline:
Introduction
The Negative Aspects of Allopathic Medicine
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A definition of allopathic medicine is: "The system of medical practice which treats disease by the use of remedies which produce effects different from those produced by the disease under treatment." (Definition of Allopathic medicine) Allopathic medicine is also known as formal or conventional medicine and refers to accepted Western health and medical practices. The term "allopathic" originated in 1842 and is ascribed to C.F.S. Hahnemann who used the terms to differentiate conventional medicine from homeopathy, which is a system of medicine based on producing the same symptoms as the disease or disorder. (Definition of Allopathic medicine)"
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Digital Medical Imaging, 2007.
This paper discusses advances in technological healthcare, focusing on digital medical imaging.
1,236 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that during the past few decades, advances in healthcare have emerged, as new forms of technological integration have been implemented as part of the overall healthcare management system. The writer points out that healthcare providers, doctors and patients require more technological integration into the system providing real time data analysis and the possibility of enhancing medical knowledge. The writer notes that advances such as the possibility of faster, more efficient and effective healthcare are at the forefront of medicine, as digital imaging sees no boundaries for the future of healthcare. The writer concludes that the available research on digital medical imaging indicates that as improvements in health care become more necessary and evident, the technology will continue to improve the standards of health care for all individuals.
Outline:
Origin
Introduction into Healthcare
Impact on Healthcare
Pros and Cons
Advancements for the Future of Healthcare
From the Paper
"Digital medical imaging has several impacts on current healthcare services. Today, DIACOM is the ubiquitous standard in radiology and imaging industry for the exchange and management of images and image related information. Currently, in addition to the most basic DIACOM service, image transmission, a number of advanced services also exist. There is a DIACOM image archive service that allows images to be searched in a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) by certain patient information, such as date the images were created and modality. These pictures are downloadable from the archive. DIACOM also offers a print service that allows for access to laser cameras or printers over a network so that multiple modalities and workstations can share printers. Another advanced service is a DIACOM modality worklist service that facilitates an automatically downloadable up-to-date worklist that includes the patient demographic data from the information system to the modality."
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