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Differences between the Articles of Confederation and the U.S Constitution, 2002.
This paper compares the two constitutions under which the United States has worked.
1,030 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
A detailed comparison of the Articles of Confederation effective between 1781-1788 and its replacement, the U.S Constitution. The author discusses the need to replace the Articles of Confederation with the constitution and then analyzes these constitutions point by point finding that the number of differences are more than the number of commonalities.
From the Paper
"The United States has worked under two constitutions. The first was the ?The Articles of Confederation? which was ratified by Maryland, and was effective from March 1, 1781 till June 21, 1788. The second was ? The Constitution?, which replaced the Articles of Confederation when New Hampshire upheld it. A day, which changed the history of the Americans, is July 4, 1776. This is the day on which the members of the Second Continental congress signed the Declaration of Independence, which is not very commonly known but has its own importance. It is on this date the September 17, 1787 on which the constitution was signed. So it is this Constitution that actually founded the government that we are familiar with today. But surely there was a government in the years in-between."
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The U.S. Constitution, 2004.
This paper discusses the four competing plans - the Virginia Plan, the Pinckney Plan, the New Jersey Plan, and the Hamilton Plan ? which led the framers of the U.S. Constitution to strike a balance called the "Great Compromise".
910 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, instead of simply amending the Articles of Confederation, the Virginia Plan proposed an entirely new system by calling for a powerful national government consisting of three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial with a two-house legislature. The author relates that the Pinckey Plan was based on many of the same principles of the Virginia Plan, but wanted the election of the members of the House of Representatives by the state. The paper stresses that New York delegate Alexander Hamilton, displeased with the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, advocated virtually doing away with state sovereignty.
From the Paper
"Roger Sherman from Connecticut proposed the Great Compromise to settle the differences between supporters of the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan (The Constitutional Convention). Sherman?s plan called for a Congress with two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate would give equal representation to all of the states with each state having two senators that would be chosen by the state legislature. However, The House of Representatives would base representation on a state?s population and members would be elected by all of the voters in the state."
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The U.S. Constitution, 2005.
Presents an overview of the United States Constitution, including its history and current issues.
4,000 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
The primary objective behind the creation of a written constitution was to lay down the foundations for a strong and well-disciplined central government to counter the effects of the years of unrest and chaos that had been caused by the ?Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union? that had been serving as the means of governing the number of independent colonies of the U.S.A. from the year 1778 onwards. This paper examines the history of the U.S. Constitution, including the years leading up to its creation and the ideas that were influential in creating it. It looks at the changes that took place through the years and the effect of federalism. The paper also looks at problems facing the Constitution today.
From the Paper
"This concept meant that the national and the state governments, though vested with separate powers, must co-operate with one another to deal with the numerous economic and social problems of the people. This co-operative federalism lasted from the 1950?s to the 1960?s, and one of the foremost duties of these intergovernmental relationships was for the federal government to grant aid to the states for some important reasons that would be mutually agreed upon. For example, the building of the interstate highways in several states for which the federal government bore more than 90% of the expenditure, and also gave valuable expert advice on the technicalities of the construction, and also set up new standards for the building of more roads in America. In this manner, American federalism can be defined as an ongoing and continuing process of political and economic as well as administrative aspects that influences the American government even today."
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The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, 2002.
Examines the improvements to the American government's Articles of Confederation in the form of the Constitution.
1,904 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
By the late 1780?s many Americans had grown dissatisfied with the Confederation. It was unable to deal effectively with economic problems and weak in the face of Shay?s Rebellion. A decade earlier, Americans had deliberately avoided creating a strong national government. Now they reconsidered. The paper shows that in 1787, the nation produced a new constitution and a new, much more powerful government with three independent branches. The government the Constitution produced has survived far more than two centuries as one of the most stable and most successful in the world. The paper discusses how the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution resembled each other in some cases and differed from each other greatly in other aspects.
From the Paper
"There were three important ordinances that were formulated and retained by both the Articles and Constitution. The ordinance of 1784, based on a proposal by Thomas Jefferson, divided the western territory into ten self-governing districts, each of which could petition Congress for statehood when its population equaled the number of free inhabitants of the smallest existing state. The Ordinance of 1785, Congress created a system for surveying and selling the western lands, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 abandoned the ten districts established in 1784 and created a single Northwest Territory out of the lands north of the Ohio; the territory out of the divided subsequently into between three and five territories. It also specified a population of 60,000 as a minimum for statehood, guaranteed freedom of religion and the right to trial by jury to residents of the Northwest, and prohibited slavery throughout the territory. As a matter of fact, this may have been the ordinance?s most important feature. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was the first attempt to ban slavery and outlaw territory."
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Confederation and Constitution, 2004.
A comparison between the Articles of Confederation (1781) and the Constitution of the United States of America (1788).
1,029 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the two important documents that shape America's political and social life today. The writer looks at the similarities between the two documents and shows how the founders who wrote the Constitution based many of the ideas on those of the Articles of Confederation.
Contents
Thesis
Social Comparison
Political Comparison
Economic Comparison
Conclusion
From the Paper
The Articles of Confederation were composed during the Revolutionary War when the King of England had much control over the lives of the people living in the colonies in America. The need for a replacement government was felt and through this need there was created a a unification of the states with the authoritative power residing within the state government. The thirteen states considered themselves as thirteen different countries rather than one cohesive nation. As a result of this, there existed loopholes within the governments of the states.
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The Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, 2005.
A discussion of the failure of the Articles of Confederation and the consequent emergence of the Constitution of the United States.
965 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper recounts the drafting, implementation, amendment, and eventual rejection of the Articles of Confederation. The paper states that its main failure was that it was aimed primarily to prevent usurpation of power by the government, rather than provide for effective governance. A more effective Constitution was drafted as a result, which reduced state sovereignty and allotted greater power to the central government. In summary, the paper contends that the Articles of Confederation reflected the fear of governmental usurpation of power and created a government so powerless it could not function, while the Constitution gave the new government the power it needed to function.
From the Paper
"In Federalist # 51, James Madison argued that the government was structured to preserve liberty. No one branch could hold sway over the others, and judge, appointed by the other branches, would be selected for quality, not popularity. (Federalist # 51) By creating the checks and balances, the government could control public excesses, but could not itself usurp power. The legislature, the most dangerous branch, was the most checked. Meanwhile, the size of the nation would prevent mob rule, because factions would check one another. (Federalist # 51)"
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Confederation to Constitution, 2002.
A discussion of the powers given to the federal government.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
A five page essay that argues for the powers given the federal government in the Constitution to regulate the states as opposed to the more autonomous semi-country status the states had under the Articles of Confederation.
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Is the U.S. Constitution Color-Blind?, 2007.
An analysis of the degree to which the U.S. Constitution may be said to be "color-blind".
1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the degree to which the U.S. Constitution may be said to be "color-blind". It argues that the Constitution is not color-blind because it permits many instances of bigotry to go unchecked in private life. To bolster this claim, the paper places a great deal of emphasis upon the work of Dr. Neil Gotanda, entitled A Critique of "Our Constitution is Color-Blind". The paper also focuses on the controversial case of Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) in which racism was seen to be upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court despite the eloquent protests of one of the presiding Justices.
From the Paper
"Gotanda also insists that the First Amendment - specifically its Freedom of Speech Clause - has been used by the federal courts to strike down government efforts to outlaw "racial domination". What Gotanda appears to mean when he talks of "racial domination" is that recent years (Gotanda was writing in the early 1990s) have seen the "resurgence" of racist speech on university campuses after decades of determined effort by non-whites to wrestle back control of the image-making process from Caucasians. As a result, racially motivated speech which defames - or at least casts in a negative light different - groups has been protected by a Constitution that is allegedly "non-racial" in construction. In any case, Dr. Gotanda, if this writer understands him correctly, is putting forward the notion that American society has always been dominated by Caucasians and, therefore, permitting racially-offensive discourses on university campuses allows the dominant group in society to continue to articulate views supporting invidious distinctions between races without fear of any disciplinary action being taken. In other words, whites have crafted negative images of non-whites since the founding of America and this group, so powerful in the media, in the judiciary and even still in academia, is allowed to continue on with making negative distinctions because the Constitution - written as it was and amended as it has been by (predominantly) Caucasian males of property and significance - permits it."
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The U.S. Constitution, 2002.
Explores the suggestion that the U.S. Constitution was written as an attempt to prevent internal chaos in the wake of the break with Britain.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The nature of the U.S. Constitution is another of these perennial debates. A product of the American Revolution, some historians regard it as evidence of the revolutionary nature of the new Republic. However, other historians argue that it was a reactionary document designed to mitigate political and social change in the wake of the severance of the connection to Great Britain. Was the Constitution an attempt to prevent internal disruption in the wake of international dispute? The following brief discussion will address this issue.
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The U.S. Constitution and Information Policy, 2006.
A review of the impact that the U.S. Constitution has had on the Internet.
1,157 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at how the U.S. Constitution uniquely set the foundation for, and precedents from, the meteoric growth of the Internet globally. The paper goes on to discuss how the First Amendment, which promises Freedom of Speech, and the Fourth Amendment, which provides for the protection of a person's property from search and seizure without probable cause, have both had a substantial impact on the Internet.
Outline:
First Amendment Implications on the Internet
Fourth Amendment Implications on the Internet
Government and Workplace Monitoring
From the Paper
"The second dynamic occurring today relative to the U.S. Constitution is the testing of the Fourth Amendment in light of the terrorist attacks in the United States. The Fourth Amendment states that "the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause" (U.S. Constitution, 1791). Yet today there is more monitoring, watching, logging, data mining and analyzing of Internet activity than ever before. In a recent survey 30% of companies are now monitoring their employee's activities in e-mail, on the phone, and over the Web. "
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U.S. Constitution, 2006.
This paper describes the seven articles of the U.S. Constitution.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the United States Constitution was drafted by the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and is the supreme law of the land. The author points out that the Constitution consists of seven articles that distribute power among the legislative, executive and judicial branches of the federal government and the states. The paper relates that Article I establishes a Congress, the legislative branch, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate, establishes the process of election and qualifications of members and outlines procedure, powers and limits of power. The paper presents the other articles in a similar manner.
From the Paper
"Article II concerns the executive branch, and describes the procedures for selection, qualifications, powers and duties of the office. It also designates that the Vice President will become President should the President die, resign, or become incapacitated. This article also provides for the impeachment or removal of civil officers, including the President, Vice President, and Judges. The President and Vice President of the United States hold a four year term office, and are elected by electors, who are appointed by each state, of which the number is equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives of each respective state."
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U.S. Constitution, 2002.
An interpretation of the U.S. constitution.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to answer the question: How has the meaning of the U.S. Constitution been shaped by the personalities, philosophies, and composition of the members of the Supreme Court by comparing two judges with different philosophies of law and interpretation with examples of specific cases and their impact on the United States.
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The U.S. Constitution, 2007.
A look at Article II of the U.S. Constitution and the powers of the executive.
3,100 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the doctrines of 'separation of powers' and 'checks and balances' and explains how Article II and other parts of the Constitution provide broad powers to the executive. It also discusses the ways in which U.S. Presidents have used these powers and exploited their position to strengthen the executive branch and deny other branches of the government.
Outline:
Jeffersonian Perspective on the Concentration of Powers
How & Where are "Separation of Powers" & "Checks and Balances" Incorporated in the Constitution?
Ways in Which Article II Gives the President Wide Ranging Powers
Executive Power as Check and Balance
The Power Grab by the Executive
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Among the Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson was perhaps the most suspicious of concentration of powers and took the concept of 'separation of powers' most seriously. Even though, powers of the legislative branch (the Congress) were of most concern at the time of the framing of the Constitution, Jefferson had enough wisdom and vision to foresee that the executive had the most room for "doing mischief" in the future. Hence, he was unhappy about the lack of term limits for the president in the original US Constitution; he feared that in time, the president would become "an officer for life," more like an elected monarch rather than someone the public had temporarily placed their trust in to do good for them."
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The U.S. Constitution., 2002.
This paper discusses the development of the U.S. Constitution.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a glimpse into Shay's Rebellion and moves through to the ratification of the Constitution. The author presents historical accounts of the meetings behind the writing of the Constitution.
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The U.S. Constitution ., 2002.
A look at the historical developments that grew out of the U.S. Constitution during the 17th and 18th Centuries.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This essay investigates the constitutional concepts in the American constitution, the document on the basis of which the American republic is conducted. The essay focuses on the historical developments that grew out of constitutional and legal developments in England. In that process, this essay briefly investigates the impact and legacies of examples such as the Battle of Hastings (1066), through to the Magna Carta (1215) and the central contributions of Enlightenment thinkers, including Hobbes, Rousseau and Locke.
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