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Dietary Supplements: Benefits and Risks, 2007.
This paper presents findings from a study about the benefits and risks of dietary supplements.
5,641 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper examines a study that describes the risks and the benefits of dietary supplements. By way of the problem statement, the research questions, and the hypotheses, the research examines not only the risks and benefits of vitamins, but also the gender differences as well that are seen when it comes to who takes dietary supplements and who does not. The paper includes an extensive review of the literature.
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Importance of the Study
Chapter 2
Review of the Literature
Chapter 3
Theoretical Framework
Chapter 4
Methodology
Sampling
Research Method
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Works Cited
From the Paper
"The risk of having any kind of adverse event, particularly one that is considered to be serious, as the result of taking a dietary supplement at the proper dosage is very low. As can be seen later within this paper, there are very few adverse events reported each year. However, that does not mean that all dietary supplements are completely safe for everyone to take and that there is no chance that an otherwise healthy person will have an adverse reaction to a supplement that was taken at the proper dosage. The problem, therefore, becomes to determine whether dietary supplements have more benefits than risks overall and should therefore be recommended for the general population."
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Dietary Supplements.
This paper is a research proposal to determine if individuals taking supplements have accurate information regarding the effect of those supplements and if they take them even when there are no ?facts? to prove that they have the desired effect.
2,527 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that dietary supplements have grown into a major U.S. industry, one that is virtually unregulated, despite the fact that dietary supplements are supposed to have significant physical and mental effects on those who consume them. The author points out that, by the time adults begin taking supplements, most of the information they have about those supplements comes, not from what little they might have learned in school, but from companies producing and marketing those supplements, or even second-hand, via friends influenced by those same advertisements and recommend the supplements. The paper proposes a methodology that uses a self-reported survey of approximately 30 adults (25 to 65), evenly divided between men and women, to determine what supplements are taken, why, where the impetus originated, and what the respondents know or think they know about the supplements, compared to medically-based information.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Power of Advertising
Youth and Supplements
Adult Supplement Studies
Theoretical Framework
Methodology
Questions for Respondent Questionnaire
Dietary Supplement Resources
From the Paper
"Of particular interest to Sardina were two herbs, ephedra or ma huang and St. John?s Wort, also known as hypericum perforatum or ?herbal Prozac.? The first of those was considered to pose a health risk, one that finally became known to a wide range of consumers, and it was removed from the market at some point after Sardina?s investigation. ) Despite the fact that the public was ill informed, Ephedra is one of the oldest known medicinal herbs, and was primarily a bronchial decongestant. In the 1940s, Ephedrine, the active ingredient in ephedra, was used to treat asthma. However, as ephedrine expands breathing passages, it constricts blood vessels, increasing arterial blood pressure, which can lead to severe hypertension, heart attack or stroke. Nor did the public know that ephedrine has a half-life between six and ten hours. With repeated use, it was possible to build up toxic levels in the body, and taking it while consuming caffeine-containing food and drink also amplified the supplement?s effect, often to a dangerous level."
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Dietary Supplements, 2002.
Researches the use of non-herbal supplements, with a reference to Mark McGuire, the baseball player.
2,040 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper examines various dietary supplements and the trend in using them focusing on the case of Mark McGuire, the baseball player.
From the Paper
"The most famous of the non-herbal supplement is the widely used and marketed, creatine. Creatine is naturally occurring amino acid produced by the kidneys and liver that is stored in the muscle cells as creatine phosphate, and the process of creatine delays fatigue and supplies quick energy for short durations. The liver produces about two grams of creatine in a day and creatine is transported through the blood stream to muscles. The Kidneys remove excess levels of creatine, which makes those athletes who already have a high muscle creatine content at no advantage by taking more creatine (Mayo 4)."
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Dietary Supplementation and Calcium, 2007.
This paper discusses the use of dietary supplements, especially calcium.
751 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of the benefits of dietary supplementation, with a specific focus on calcium supplements. The writer takes a positive view of supplements, provided the supplementation takes into consideration the individual's biology and lifestyle needs. The author also recommends that the supplements are dispensed with clear labeling and in conjunction with a health professional.
From the Paper
"Perhaps one of the reasons there is such confusion about the issue of supplementation is the broad, sweeping claims made by popular manufactures of supplements, which promise generic cure-alls rather than sound advice. Not every woman may need iron supplements, if she eats fortified grain cereals and eats red meat. The personal and inexact science of creating an ideal diet, tailored to the individual, must be communicated on supplement labels by law. The current nutritional labels that give guidelines for generic 2,000-calorie diets for daily requirements, regardless of age, background, lifestyle, and quite often gender, are often misleading."
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The Dietary Supplement DMAE, 2002.
An overview of the dietary supplement DMAE and its effects on the human body.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the dietary supplement DMAE in terms of its effects on the human body. This drug is examined in brief according to its qualities, its use, and its side effects on the human body. There is a focus on how the lack of standardized research serves to negatively impact the findings of this supplement.
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Herbal Supplements and the FDA, 2005.
Examines the herbal supplement industry in the United States and their regulation by the Food and Drug Administration.
1,489 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
In the United States, the government and its agencies do not maintain the same regulation of herbal remedies in the same way that they ensure the safety of other foods and medicines. Furthermore, while these products were once the mainstay of only such minute groups as vegetarians and other counterculture types, they have now become widely popular among the general public as the widespread assumptions about their safety and naturalness has permeated contemporary society. The paper argues that, on the other hand, many professionals within the medical community conversely claim that the dietary supplement industry is selling modern day snake oil that has no proven safety or efficiency. In the end, both factions are correct, and in spite of the natural base of herbs and dietary supplements that can make these products appealing even when traditional medicines are not appropriate, these items are also powerful medicinal agents. The paper shows, therefore, that due to the public's lack of ability to make informed decisions surrounding these products, the Food and Drug Administration must be granted the same sovereignty over herbal remedies and vitamins that it maintains over other foods and medicines.
From the Paper
"Still, one reason that some people believe that it is not necessary for the government to become involved in this industry is indeed largely because of the mistaken belief that these agents are safe merely because they are natural. In fact, according to one 1997 poll, more than half of consumers who use natural remedies are convinced that they are equally as safe and effective as traditional treatments like aspirin ( Greenberger 1077). However, since 1994 there have been reports of at least 34 deaths and nearly 900 adverse reactions--including heart-rhythm disturbances, heart attacks and strokes associated with supplements that contain one herbal stimulant that is often taken to boost energy and to lose weight (Josefson 1440)."
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The Use of Supplements by Athletes, 2007.
This paper discusses ethics issues relating to the use of supplements by athletes.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the use of supplements by sports athletes is only viewed as an ethical problem when the supplement becomes illicit or banned or when an athlete dies and focuses most of the time on the competitive advantage instead of the ethical question. The author presents a classical discussion of ethics and concludes that the use of performance-enhancing drugs and supplements by sports players is clearly a violation of ethical behavior. The paper states that no supplement or drug should be used or should be advised by the educator or coach to the athlete without being approved by the FDA, the sports league in question and prescribed by the attending physician of the athlete. The paper includes a table and many embedded quotations.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Introduction
Ethics - Theoretical Framework
Ethics - Differentiation among Theorists
Discussion
Responsibility of Educators and Coaches of Athletes
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Milton's ethics principle was based on the 'end result' or the moral rightness of an action being determined based upon consequences having been considered. Kant believed that ethics were based upon 'rules' and that the moral rightness of an action is based upon laws and standards within society and business. Rousseau held to the social contract theory in ethics believing that the moral rightness of an action is determined through the norms and customs in the existing community and Ruber held a personalistic notion of ethics believing that the moral rightness of ones' actions can only be determined through ones' conscience."
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Vitamins and Supplements, 2008.
A discussion on whether vitamin and supplements can be considered a healthy choice or a hindrance.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how vitamins and supplements are a part of many individual's daily lives. In particular, it looks at how many people hop on the health bandwagon, purchasing vitamins they see in advertisements, which claim to improve wellness and how the overall ignorance towards supplements, and the lack of consumer's research puts them at risk. It examines how there are multiple combinations of vitamins that are detrimental to the body as well as certain synthetic supplements and how manufacturers are not making any effort to slow this ignorant vitamin feeding frenzy either.
From the Paper
"The problem is not just the consumer's lack of research and information. The pharmaceutical companies are to blame as well. Vitamins, unlike drugs, are loosely regulated. The FDA just recently started regulating vitamins as foods, which is not strict at all compared to drug regulations (Marketplace). Also, vitamins are marketed as miracle supplements, making outrageous, unsupported claims, such as, "doctor-recommended," which do not actually withhold meaning, but appeal to the uneducated consumer (Jacobson 1). As far as nutritional value, these pills are not even absorbed or used by the body like food is. Also, the ingestion of certain vitamins together, can interfere with each other's absorption, which is actually unhealthy. Not to mention, the fact that many vitamins are fat soluble, meaning the fatty tissue accumulates over time, causing poisonous reactions within the liver, and resulting in serious medical consequences (Anderson). "
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Judaism and Dietary Patterns, 2008.
This paper accounts for and explains the dietary patterns prevalent in the Jewish religion.
3,748 words (approx. 15.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This essay offers a nuanced historical account and explanation of why the Jewish dietary rule came to insist on the prohibition of the consumption of certain animals, while others were tolerated, with particular reference to the time when the rule came to be fleshed out. More specifically, the paper looks into the case of pigs or pork as an animal whose inclusion in the list of those unclean might strike as particularly odd to the modern reader. Given the similarities they had with oxen, sheep and goats as domesticated and herbivorous livestock, swine, it seems fair to say, had little reason to be excluded. But this short piece argues that their labelling as unclean had as much to do with the peculiar circumstances in which Leviticus and Deuteronomy were written as with the consistency of the religious doctrine based on an adherence to the tenet of separate spheres which pigs and other animals fell foul of.
Outline;
Introduction
Reasons for the Exclusion of Pig: Hygiene and Habit
Criticism of Hygiene and Habit Interpretation
Contextualising Dietary Law: Babylonic Exile and Anti-desert Mentality
Distinctive Categories and Aberrations
Conclusions
From the Paper
"That pork was unhygienic does not stand up to much scrutiny either. Criticising the hygienic rationale, Jean Soler for example, correctly makes the obvious point that the nomadic Hebrew tribes, who lived at the time when these rules were drawn up, did not possess sufficient medical knowledge to be able to pronounce the pig unclean based on the infectious dangers it posed to man. Even though it would be tempting to suppose that the kind of hot and arid climate in which the ancient Israelites lived was particularly hazardous for the transmission of diseases, the lack of even physicians to prepare for this possibility at that time points to the extent to which medical reasons could not plausibly be carted out to account for why pigs were expressly forbidden."
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Vitamin Supplements, 2002.
An argumentative thesis in favor of taking vitamin supplements.
873 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that consumers today are faced with a myriad of information concerning the safety and viability of vitamin supplements. One day the experts say one thing and the next day there are new studies by other experts. This all creates quite a dilemma for those who are trying to do the best for their bodies. The paper argues, however, that through the years there has been a steady stream of overwhelming evidence proving that vitamin supplements are helpful and beneficial for physical health, and moreover, may affect behavior. The paper uses information from various studies to prove that taking vitamins is extremely beneficial to ones health and wellbeing.
From the Paper
"For years researchers have studied the benefits of vitamin E on the skin, hair, heart, and over-all health. Now researchers have proven that vitamin E supplements could save millions of health care dollars each year. A study published in the ?American Journal of Cardiology? showed significant savings from various supplements, especially vitamin E. In a ?double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 2,002 patients?vitamin E reduced non-fatal heart attack risk by 77 percent? (Natural 1998). Researchers found a savings of $578 per patient in patients taking vitamin E supplements compared to those who took placebos. The savings were based on a reduction in hospital admissions for nonfatal heart attacks."
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Vitamin Supplements and the Dietician, 2006.
Examines the need for dieticians to be concerned not only with what and how well people eat, but to clear up the confusion about "taking" vitamins either to replace foods or as supplements.
2,572 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of the most important roles of a dietician today is to provide insight and proper guidance for taking, or not taking vitamin supplements. The paper then looks at the history of the so-called "vitamin revolution" and all of the advertisements and news generated by the media about the necessity of proper vitamin intake and then examines whether all of this media output is just hype on the part of the vitamin industry and certain health professionals. For the purposes of evaluating the reasons for all of this focus on vitamin intake, the paper concentrates on three vitamin supplements: Anti-oxidants, Vitamin C and Vitamin E.
From the Paper
"More than ever dieticians have to be concerned not only with what and how well people eat, but they have to attempt to clear up the confusion about "taking" vitamins either to replace foods, or as supplements. Perhaps there is no more important aspect of providing proper nutrition for the public in the coming years than being able to provide insight and proper guidance for taking, or NOT taking vitamin supplements. "The first line of attack for many problems is already diet-centered...Despite all the breakthroughs in nutritional research, deciding what and how to eat can still be enormously confusing.""
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Xenadrine, 2006.
An examination as to whether Xenadrine, a dietary supplement containing ephedra, is safe for consumers, and whether it contributes towards weight loss.
770 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the side effects of Xenadrine, which contains ephedra. The FDA does not consider dietary supplements as drugs and therefore does no testing for harmful side effects. A study at the University of California, San Francisco, resulted in side effects, such as heart attacks, seizures, and deaths among testees while taking ephedra. In conclusion, this paper states that a healthier lifestyle is the best way to gain energy and obtain a healthier weight.
From the Paper
"Dietary supplement manufacturers are not required to show that their product is safe or that is actually works. Dietary supplements are assumed safe unless the FDA can prove they are not. In the case with xenadrine, the FDA could not find evidence that was strong enough to prohibit its sale to the public.
Xenadrine is composed of Citrus Aurantium, MaHuang (Ephedra), Guarana Extract(caffeine), White Willow Bark, Aceytl L-Camitine, L-Tyrosine, Ginger Root and Vitamin B5. The warning label reads: Do not use if you are pregnant or nursing. Do not use if you are at risk or being treated for high blood pressure, liver, thyroid or psychiatric disease, diabetes, pernicious anemia, nervousness, anxiety, depression, seizure disorder, cardiac arrhythmia's, stroke or pheochromacytoma. Discontinue if dizziness, sleeplessness, tremors, nervousness, headache, heart palpitations or tingling sensations occur."
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Dietary Research, 2004.
An analysis of a dietary research into the topic of fad diets and obesity.
1,317 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a research study performed by Lissner, Steen and Brownell that examines the popularity of fad diets in "Weight Reduction Diets and Health Promotion" ("The American Journal of Preventive Medicine", Vol. 8, 154-8, 1992.), questioning their viability, safety and effectiveness. The paper examines the increasing problem of obesity worldwide, a main focus of the research study. The methods and strategies used for this research are outlined in the paper.
From the Paper
"The basic premise of the research was to analyze the mechanisms by which obesity is battled in quotidian society, where the most common-place variety of treatment was the fad diet. Among the most popular of these at the time of their research, nearly fifteen years ago, was the protein diet. The study's authors examined not only the fundamentals of the popular grocery-store, drug-store protein diet, but how it affected the average, sedate adult. For the analysis, they isolated the dietary composition of the average protein diet, which contained 1,000 kcal or less, 50 mg of carbohydrates, and 120g or more of protein. Further study combined this steady intake construction with the average daily exercise of a high-protein diet consuming adult, showing that the patient demographic largely experienced energy restriction, resulting in ketosis."
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Creatine Monohydrate, 2006.
This paper details the benefits, as well as the dangers and controversies, surrounding the dietary supplement creatine monohydrate.
1,789 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the use of creatine monohydrate as a dietary supplement, which dates back as far as the 1920s. The supplement was used by athletes in Europe before its recent debut in the U.S. which is aimed at athletes and body builders. Creatine monohydrate is an amino acid derivative that is formed in the liver, kidneys and pancreas from the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. Creatine monohydrate can also be obtained from food, particularly red meat. The musculature of the body has the ability to store more creatine than is used in a typical diet. Athletes take advantage of this ability by literally stuffing a muscle with creatine. This allows for expanded storage and the swifter conversion into adenosine triphosphate. Used over a protracted period of time, the result will be greater hypertrophy and the ability to sustain a longer and more intense workout. It is believed that creatine has a direct anabolic effect on the muscles by acting as a signal to increase protein synthesis during activity overload. This paper focuses on the controversy surrounding the use of the supplement. While supposed links between creatine and the deaths of several wrestlers have been disproved, studies have nonetheless shown that heavy loading is unnecessary and may be counterproductive, if not dangerous.
Table of Contents:
How Creatine Monohydrate Works
Why the Controversy?
Creatine and the Kidneys
The Best Way to Use Creatine
Creatine and Androstenedione
Scientific Studies of Creatine Use
Is It Good or Is It Bad?
Summary
Bibliography
From the Paper
"There is a school of though that suggest a phased method of creatine use. A high dosage is used for five days, with the ingesting of as much as 20 grams per day in four doses. The dosage is then reduced to a level just high enough to keep the muscles loaded. Research has indicated that this regimen is not as effective as it was originally thought to be. Continuing to take his doses of creatine after the muscles are saturated will result in the elimination of creating the rough the urinary tract. The increased urinary excretion places stress on the kidneys and liver. Tests have shown that in a loading phase, creatine efficacy peaks at day six and its effects begin to decrease from that time. On the other hand a steady creatine uptake without loading lasts through day 15 and positive effects can last for up to 56 days."
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Ginkgo Supplements - Human Memory and Cognitive Improvement, 2002.
A look at the argument that ginkgo is ineffective in improving memory through an article review.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper originated with a Internet article intended for a public readership and arguing that ginkgo is ineffective in improving memory, despite assorted claims to the contrary that have encouraged a multi-million dollar ginkgo industry. (MSNBC:2003). The article explains how early studies prompted considerable faith in the leaves of the ginkgo biloba tree as an aid to enhancing the mental functioning of patients diagnosed as having mild dementia; it was asserted too that mental functioning could be improved in patients without evidence of dementia or other malfunction.
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