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The Dialectic of History, 2004.
An analysis of Karl Marx's theory of history.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly discusses Marx's theory relating to history, which states that history develops through stages and that these developments are subject to the laws of dialectics. It explains that dialects is the study of contradictions, or how things change. This exploration of Marx?s Theory of History begins with a brief summary of the stages of history. From there it moves more deeply into the dialectic of movement between these stages toward the Golden Age. Finally, this exploration ends with an explanation of how the dialectic of history ends as a communist society, in keeping with Marx?s theory.
From the Paper
"According to Marx, the stages of history are primitive communism, slavery, agriculture, industrialization, socialism, and communism. These stages as seen in terms of labor each involve both unity and struggle. Imagine the double helix of DNA. Rename one strand nature and the other strand industry. The name of the helix is man. He is both the creator of and the product of himself. As he develops, the relationship between his nature and industry evolve and change. With each change, man himself changes and history takes a new direction. In the case of primitive communism, man eventually learned to produce what he needed in a more efficient way. This change in infrastructure translates into a transformation of the super-structure i.e., a change in the social classes. Not everyone must be involved in the role of worker. Productive relations are altered, and a new class structure metamorphoses."
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G.W. Hegel's Philosophy of History, 2006.
This paper analyzes the philosophy of renowned historian G.W. Hegel, who is believed to have created the philosophy of history, based on his life experiences and beliefs.
2,508 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper presents an intensive examination of G.W. Hegel's philosophy of history. This paper compares and contrasts Hegel's beliefs and theories to those of Karl Marx. This paper discusses the speculation that renowned historian and philosopher Hegel created the philosophy of history based on his own life experiences and personal beliefs. The writer explores the argument that says history and philosophy are two entirely different entities, of which Hegel was deeply involved in both. This paper also touches on the experts who believe that Hegel was a believer in the theory of predestination. According to this school of thought, Hegel believed history to be an already fixed and unchangeable fact, that mankind only watches as a spectator. The writer contends and explains why Hegel's life and work is founded on the belief that history is nothing more than a dialectical progression. This paper also details Hegel's basic philosophy which is steeped in the belief that spirit and reason are fundamentally crucial to the development of history. Hegel believed that history is nothing more than spirit striving to find its own freedom.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Who He Was
His Philosophy
His Life
His Impact
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"GW Hegel took on a most difficult task when he decided to spend his life philosophizing about history and mankind. As a philosopher of history Hegel had to walk a line between rewriting history to fit his philosophical beliefs and changing those beliefs to fit what was actually happening in history. It was a line he walked well though critics have pointed out what they believed to be discrepancies. His life work was based on trying to find the basic truths about history and mankind while at the same time examining the sub-topics that went along with those things by natural progression."
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Linguistics and the History of the English Language, 2002.
This paper explores the areas of linguistics and the history of the English language in terms of what an English teacher should know before teaching the subject.
4,392 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper asks if future English teachers should study the history of English. The writer shows that teachers should have a knowledge of linguistics. Main points of the paper include: why English is complicated, why languages (especially English) change, grammar rules and problems, spelling history and problems, how dialects are developed and how they influence English in the classroom, semantic changes and more. The paper concludes that all these contribute to a better and more interesting English classroom.
From the Paper
"The English language has a rich history, spanning centuries and passed on by different tribes. A lot of other languages, especially French, has had some influence on the English language. The language has undergone many changes in its history, including the Great Vowel Shift, which changed the way English was spoken. Some people who know more than one language have said that English is the hardest language to learn. As of today, many educated professors and acclaimed administration members probably don?t know the real reasons behind some grammar rules and depend on technology to correct their fragment sentences. What makes English such a hard language to learn and use, even for its native speakers? Will the knowledge of the history behind the English language enable teachers to help students master English? I believe that knowledge leads to understanding; therefore teachers with a strong background in the history of English will be better equipped to teach this difficult subject."
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Lawrence of Arabia, The Sheik, and the Dialectic of Enlightenment, 2002.
Analysis of the films, "Lawrence of Arabia" and "The Sheik", vis-a-vis the theories of Horkheimer and Adorno as presented in their work, "Dialectic of Enlightenment", among others.
863 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the author analyzes some aspects of the production and reception of the film, "Lawrence of Arabia" (1962), by situating it within the industry that Horkheimer and Adorno describe in order to further an understanding of what is meant by a ?dialectical? critique of film as ?culture industry?. The paper goes on to briefly discuss the relevance of applying this type of analysis to a film like "The Sheik" (1921).
From the Paper
"In Dialectic of Enlightenment, Horkheimer and Adorno make the claim that film plays a key role in what they call the ?culture industries? of the 20th century. Writing in 1944, they describe an ?iron system?, which is in large part a reference to the Hollywood system and its fascistic employment of the ?genre film (Horkheimer 154).? Of the effects of mass culture, they write: ??culture now impresses the same stamp on everything. Films, radio and magazines make up a system which is uniform as a whole and in every part (120).? This criticism has specific implications for the feature film: ?They are so designed that quickness, powers of observation, and experience are undeniably needed to apprehend them at all? yet sustained thought is out of the question. Even though the effort required for his [the viewer] response is semi-automatic, no scope is left for the imagination (126,127).? The standardization of the spectator, as it were, via the genre film and through the standardization of the viewing experience, is, for Horkheimer and Adorno, the crux of the culture industry where film is concerned. ?The culture industry as a whole,? they write, ?has molded men as a type unfailingly reproduced in every product (127).?"
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Philosophical Dialectic vs. Sophistic Rhetoric, 2002.
Analysis of Plato's "Gorgias," specifically dealing with the importance of philosophical dialectic in the Socratic method, as well as Socrates' criticism of sophistic rhetoric.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in depth examination of Plato?s "Gorgias". It focuses on the importance, for Plato, of demonstrating that philosophy, not rhetoric, is the basis of the good life and of human happiness. The author explores both political and personal, and philosophical implications. Among some other topics touched upon are Plato?s definition of the good, his understanding of the soul, and his basic political philosophy.
From the Paper
"Rhetoric, the art that Gorgias claims to possess, is in every way opposed to wisdom and the good. Plato emphasizes this point from the very beginning of the dialogue. Socrates? lateness to Gorgias? declamation is a deliberate tactic. Whereas Gorgias? speech is meant to be a performance, Socrates is interested in a discussion. Philosophical conversation is concerned with dialectical definitions and essences, while rhetoric is concerned with mere appearances. Socrates compares the distinction to the difference between the way a chef prepares food, purely to impress the diners, to the way a nutritionist does, scientifically and using reason."
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The Dialectic Nature of God and Satan, 2002.
A discussion of the portrayal of the characters Satan and God in John Milton's epic poem "Paradise Lost".
1,066 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the manner in which Milton developed the characters of God and Satan in John Milton?s "Paradise Lost". It examines how it often seems as though Milton is subtly encouraging the reader to empathize with Satan?s struggle against Heaven and how he possesses many of the characteristics of an epic hero-- his stature, nobility, and epic feats. Many of his characteristics are compared to those of another hero, Beowulf. In contrast, it shows how God exhibits many evil traits but at the end it is good that triumphs over evil and Satan degenerates into his demonic self and we see him for what he is.
From the Paper
"While Satan possesses these heroic traits, they might not be enough to win our sympathy if Milton had not given the demon psychological depth. Far from being inherently evil, Satan undergoes a transformation, wrestling with fear and guilt. Milton summarizes: ?Satan now in prospect of Eden, and nigh the place where he must now attempt the bold enterprize which he undertook alone against God and Man, falls into many doubts with himself, and many passions, fear, envy, and despair; but at length confirms himself in evil? (p. 317). To achieve his goal of revenge, Satan stifles his humanity ? but that means that he does have some humanity to stifle. "
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The Societal and Educational Affects of Dialects, 2005.
Examines classroom techniques to aid students who speak dialects in the USA today.
2,509 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
Every variety of language spoken, even that which is known as standard English, is a dialect. Many people believe stereotypes about certain dialects and thus treat people as they perceive them to be. This paper shows that one of the most common known dialects in the United States is Ebonics, or the dialect spoken by many African Americans. There are numerous assumptions regarding this dialect by people in community and educational life. This paper shows that there are, however, many techniques teachers and other officials may incorporate into their classroom activities to help lessen dialectical stereotypes and help to raise the self-esteem and grades of the children who speak them.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
The Societal and Educational of Dialects in The United States Today
Identity and Negative Attitudes
Ebonics
Education
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Despite the differences in the varieties of Ebonics, there are some features marked by all or most types. Ebonics has picked up many of its pronunciation from white, southern coastal dialects. This is seen especially with the use of the /r/-less word use (Bonvillain, 2003; Mufwene & Gilman, as cited by Chaika, 1994). Bonvillain (2003) and Chaika (1994) also discuss the trait of the dropping of final consonants in Ebonics. This characteristic makes rhyming words out of "field" and "wheel." Ebonics also uses the form "be" for all tenses of "am." (Chaika, 1994). Chaika (1994) gives the example of the Ebonics sentence "Do babes be willin'?" as translated to "Are babes always willing?" (p. 300)."
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The Appalachian Dialect, 2004.
An overview of the true origins of the American Appalachian dialect.
1,363 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the unique American Appalachian dialect is often greatly misunderstood. It looks at how many modern Americans characterize the Appalachian dialect as a corruption of the English language, which is spoken by uneducated and unintelligent hillbillies. Instead, it shows how the Appalachian dialect is more aptly characterized as an archaic type of English that resembles the English spoken in the time of the first Queen Elizabeth. It also discusses how geographical, cultural, and social isolation have kept the Appalachian dialect essentially pure over the past 200 years of America's history and how, today, the Appalachian dialect continues to thrive, preserving one of America's great linguistic traditions.
From the Paper
"Currently, the Appalachian dialect is used extensively in the region. The Appalachian dialect spoken today closely in many ways resembles the English that was spoken by the first settlers to America. The isolation of life in the mountains of Appalachia has carried on many traditional attitudes and behaviors, as well as maintaining the dialect of Appalachia (Virgin English). Interestingly, Dial notes that the dialect spoken today is a ?watered-down? version of the dialect spoken in earlier times. Perhaps the influence of television, radio, movies, as well as a more transient American population have helped to contributed to changes in the Appalachian dialect seen in the past century."
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Dialectical Behavior Therapy, 2003.
An in-depth look at dialectical behavior therapy when dealing with borderline personality disorder (BPD).
3,932 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses borderline personality disorder (BPD), a complex and severe psychopathology that is characterized by the presence of certain instabilities. According to the paper, the most commonly practiced interventions for the treatment of BPD are psychodynamic programs and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). The paper goes on to review DBT, which is based on dialectical philosophy and a biosocial theory of BPD.
Outline:
Mechanisms of Change in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Research Supporting DBT
The Effectiveness of DBT in Males Versus Females
DBT Intervention Development
From the Paper
"The benefits of DBT experienced by individuals with BPD may be enhanced through accompanied administration of psychopharmaceutical medication. Soler et al. (2005) examined the combined effects that DBT and olanzapine have on psychiatric symptoms experienced by individuals with BPD. Results of the study showed that this combined treatment was associated with significant improvements in anxiety, depression and aggressive/impulsive behavior in comparison to a placebo group. The researchers suggested that this combination therapy of DBT and olanzapine acts to lower attrition rates and is an overall effective treatment for BPD (Soler et al., 2005). Other pharmaceuticals may not prove to be so beneficial. A study by Simpson et al. (2004) demonstrated that the addition of fluoxetine to an already effective DBT treatment program is not additionally beneficial."
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Science or Dogma; An Examination of Dialectical Materialism, 2000.
A critical paper on the nature of Marxist philosophy on materialism and an examination of whether or not the theory is of a 'scientific' nature as it claims.
3,051 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This critical paper illustrates in a number of ways that dialectical materialism is arrived at through a process of scientific inquiry. The author gives a distinct definition of the meaning of what it is that warrants the description of a theory as ?scientific?. Next, she applies this definition to Marx?s historical theory and shows how it corresponds to this description. Finally, she reflects and responds to some of the ways that Marx?s critics are in disagreement with her argument that dialectical materialism is, in fact, a study of history that is based on scientific theory and objectivity.
From the Paper
"As a student of history, I believe that there is validity in Marx?s ?scientific? postulation. The study of history is very important, I believe, in discovering what lies ahead of us and how best to avoid repeating past mistakes. Although there are no ?concretes? in history, and at this point, I diverge from Marxian historiography, there must be an objective way of looking at the past in order to theorize about how we have arrived at our current situations. Although I do not believe Marx?s theory of history to be entirely correct, I do argue that this theory is arrived at objectively and scientifically."
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Paul Laurence Dunbar: Master of Dialect, 2006.
A biographical account of the life and career of poet, Paul Laurence Dunbar.
1,557 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper details the life and career of African-American poet, Paul Laurence Dunbar. The paper discusses Dunbar's use of dialect, melody and metaphor in his poetry and how he was able to express his love for freedom and hate for slavery as well as how he symbolized the essence of African-Americans.
From the Paper
"Paul Laurence Dunbar was among the first generation of blacks born into freedom in the United States. He was born June 27, 1872 in Dayton, Ohio, to Joshua and Matilda Dunbar (Gentry 23). As a child, Dunbar's father would tell him stories about the Civil War and the brutality of slavery, drilling into him a deep-rooted hatred of slavery that would surface later in his poems. On the other hand, his mother would tell of better times, usually slipping into a down-home dialect to give a better description. This also was a major influence on his writings, since a key point to Dunbar's success was in his ability to write in dialect (Gentry 28). He started writing early, composing poems in earnest at age twelve. In high school, he wrote for his school's newspaper, the High School Times, and several of the Wright brothers' other productions. Called "Deacon Dunbar" because he was always dignified and upright in all activities, he had a quick wit and friendly character (Gentry 12). Dunbar was the only black student to graduate from Central High in 1891 out of a class of forty-three students, and the only one three brothers to graduate."
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The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder, 2001.
This paper explores Marsha Linehan's treatment of borderline personality disorder in an extensive literature review.
3,895 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The basis of this study looks at the effects of a therapy derived from eastern Zen practices and western psychodynamic theory, known as Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, on the treatment of patients afflicted with Borderline Personality Disorder. DBT is a treatment paradigm created by Marsha M. Linehan of Washington University, and is the first and only treatment paradigm to be tested in clinical settings. The importance of DBT stems from the belief that BPD is the most treatment-resistant of all mental disorders outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: Vol. IV. The study tests the hypothesis that DBT will effectively reduce targeted behaviors of BPD as compared to treatment as usual (TAU) groups, and suggests that because of the structured nature of DBT, it is the most effective of all present treatments of BPD.
From the Paper
"Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is the application of a broad array of cognitive and behavior therapy strategies to the problems of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), including suicidal behaviors (Heard & Linehan 1994). DBT also has a number of distinctive defining characteristics. As its name suggests, its overriding characteristic is an emphasis on "dialectics" - that is, the reconciliation of opposites in a continual process of synthesis. The most fundamental dialectic is the necessity of accepting patients just as they are within a context of trying to teach them to change. This emphasis on acceptance as a balance to change flows directly from the integration of Eastern Zen practice with Western psychodynamic theory (Linehan 1993a)."
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Dialects of New Orleans, 2002.
This paper presents the linguistic history of New Orleans, Louisiana.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the development of New Orleans through the linguistic influences of three different cultures. The author reviews the three dominant languages that form the dialects of New Orleans: French, Cajun, and Creole. The paper traces these three languages to their cultural origins of the French colonizers, the Acadian exiles, and the American slave trade of Africans.
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The Dialectics of Crisis Management, 2008.
This paper presents a persuasive argument on rebuilding the state of New Orleans after Hurricane Katirna.
1,070 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses New Orleans since Hurricane Katrina, and states that it has turned into the ideal example of the type of dysfunction that can develop when opposing forces, such as local and federal government agencies continuously prove themselves counter-productive. This dysfunction occurs because, while the Federal Emergency Management Agency or FEMA is adamant about adhering to its antiquated rules dictating the agency is only obligated to rebuild a system to its former state, the city of New Orleans is adamant about not only rebuilding the system, but modernizing it at the same time. Furthermore, the author argues that the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina and the ongoing comedy of errors that is dominating the city, reveals a completely dysfunctional state where neither proposition nor counter-proposition is resulting in a sort of solution or synthesis.
From the Paper
"More often than not, organizations or entities that find themselves in negative situations such as catastrophic infrastructure failure as in New Orleans, attempt to cover up the crisis and shift responsibility from the organization or official entity or to someone or something else. In this case, FEMA itself proved a contradiction since it is supposed to be the lead agency in an emergency but during and since Katrina it has clearly failed to act on this responsibility. Often, the deciding factor in opting for this strategy is based on the organization in question's revenues or reputation. This is the worst of reasons to deal negatively and irresponsibly with a crisis and hardly ever pays dividends in the long-term. Additionally, dialectics informs the relevant parties that its contradictions should result in innovative solutions and augment creative energy that results in ideas and insights that compensate for areas that are weak or unresolved (Unfolding 286). For its part, the City of New Orleans seems to have failed to provide that creative spark necessary to develop solutions to its problems. It seems to have simply settled on the contradictions within dialectics without recognizing any resulting solution."
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