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Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD, 2007.
An analysis of the current trends in diagnosis and treatment of a subtype of behavioral disorder - attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
1,948 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the diagnostic system for evaluating ADHD and explains the causes and symptoms of ADHD. The writer also discusses the current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The paper shows that behavior therapy alone has only a limited effect on symptoms or functioning of children with ADHD, although combining behavior therapy with medication seems to improve functioning and may decrease the amount of (stimulant) medication needed.
Outline:
Introduction: Psychological Disorders
Diagnostic Systems and General Criteria: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- IV Edition (DSM-IV)
International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Manual (ICD - 10)
DSM - IV Categories of Psychological Disorders
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD
Causes of ADHD
Symptoms of ADHD: Inattention, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity.
Current Trends in Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Current Trends in Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
From the Paper
"Psychological disorders create imbalance in our mental health and cause mental illness. The term "mental illness" is used to describe the more severe types of mental health disorders. Less severe mental health problems are known as "disorders" or "syndromes" rather than "illness".
Mental disorders are considered as a major public health problem, thus, health services play an important role regarding their management. A World Health Organization (WHO) study of the global burden of disease assessed that "mental disorders make up five of the ten leading causes of disability". Since the management of these disorders takes place to a great extent in general practice and primary care settings, it is important to determine the effectiveness of current trends in diagnostic and treatment. According to Epidemiological studies conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH the Centers for Disease Control, CDC) in 1970s, about 15% of the population in the U.S. experience a serious psychological disorder. It further increases to 25% when milder problems with drug & alcohol abuse are considered as a part of the study."
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Diagnosis, Etiology and Treatment of ADHD, 2002.
Discusses the complex behavioral disorder of ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and how it is diagnosed and treated.
2,656 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper describes typical behavioral patterns attributed to those who suffer from ADHD. Symptoms discussed are excessive daydreaming, learning difficulties, violence, stuttering and mood swings. It discusses how new treatment options have become available and the pros and cons of these different treatments. The paper focuses on why ADHD is so difficult to identify and the complex behavioral traits associated with it.
From the Paper
"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, is a disorder that is estimated to affect between 1.6 and 2 million Americans (Lemer). It is actually a complex cluster of behaviors, resulting in difficulties in social, educational, and physical development; frequently, these difficulties can be extremely severe. Despite a substantial amount of research and public attention, there is still no commonly agreed on cause or generally effective treatment."
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The Benefits of Multimodal Treatment for ADHD, 2001.
A look at the form of treatment for ADHD known as multimodal treatment and how it can respond to the limitations of psychostimulants, the most common form of treatment for ADHD.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper delves into the form of treatment for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) known as Multimodal Treatment and the research being done for Attention Behavior Deficit Disorder. The paper explains that multimodal treatment combines pharmacological treatment with physical accommodations and behavioral therapy to help individuals with ADHD perform at a higher level than treatment with medication alone.
From the Paper
" Imagine over 2 million children in the United States affected with a psychological disorder which is chronic and significantly disabling. Children who suffer from this disorder are frequently highly emotional, may be aggressive, tend to be underachievers and may feel highly agitated and frustrated most of the time. These children are often lonely and isolated from peers as a result of the unpredictable and erratic behavior that characterize this disorder. In their teens and early adulthood suffers of this disorder are more likely than peers to drop out of school, use illicit drugs (Garber, Garber, & Spizman, 1996), change jobs frequently and often experience depression (Solden, 1995). This is the landscape for the estimated 3 to 5% of United States children diagnosed as having Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)(Garber et al., 1996). The most common treatment for this disorder consists of medication to alleviate symptoms. However, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2000), multimodal treatments that consist of a combination of behavioral therapy and medication provide better outcomes for children with complex problems like ADHD. Specifically, The National Institute of Mental Health conducted the NIMH Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (called the MTA Study)(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 1999). The MTA Study documented 579 children over a period of 14 months. The children were divided into four groups; a control group, a group which received medication, a group which recived behavioral therapy, and a group which received multimodal treatment. This study demonstrated that after 14 months of treatment, children who received combined treatments performed better in six outcome areas ?social skills, parent child relations, internalizing symptoms, reading achievement, oppositional and/or aggressive symptoms and parent and/or consumer satisfaction- whereas children receiving only medication improved in only one to two of these areas and children in the control group and in the behavioral therapy groups showed clinically significant improvement in any of these areas (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1999). "
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ADHD Causes and Treatments, 2003.
This paper presents an overview of the current research findings in the causes and treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
3,224 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
Through an analysis of the literature, this paper examines the key components of ADHD, including prevalence and diagnosis. Its causes,including biological and socio-environmental factors (i.e. diet, maternal smoking and difficult family environments) are discussed, as are a number of common treatments including stimulant drugs, counselling, behavioural methods and alternative therapies. Detailed results from the "Multi-Model Treatment Study" for children with ADHD are also presented. Further study into the area of cognitive behavioral therapy is recommended.
From the Paper
"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is defined by the DSM-IV as a "persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development" (American Psychiatric Association, 2000, p78). Experts estimate that between three to five percent of school-age children have ADHD, with an average of two to three times as many boys than girls being affected. ADHD is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder and is usually diagnosed during the early school years. In most cases symptoms ease during late adolescents and adulthood, although a minority experience major symptoms of the disorder into mid-adulthood (American Psychiatric Association, 2000)."
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Autism Diagnosis, 2005.
A discussion of recent research on the diagnosis of autism.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the research on diagnosing autism. The paper addresses assessment and the use of the DSM-IV for autism diagnosis. The paper also studies difficulties with diagnosis and differential diagnosis, including the need for a multiple axial diagnosis. The paper concludes that parent-pediatrician partnerships are critical to making an early autism diagnosis.
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ADD and ADHD, 2004.
A brief explanation of the symptoms and treatments for ADD and ADHD.
921 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper looks at the definition and symptoms of both ADD and ADHD. These symptoms are further detailed in personal accounts of people who live with these disorders. In the last section, this paper examines the different methods currently being used to treat children with ADHD and ADD.
Contents
Symptoms
Treatment
References
From the Paper
"ADD and ADHD are related disorders with many common symptoms. Both ADD and ADHD sufferers, for example, can exhibit two main symptoms. The most common symptom is inattention. People with ADHD can exhibit trouble focusing on specific tasks and often find it difficult to remember and organize their work (Greer). The next group of symptoms falls under impulsiveness. ADHD sufferers can be prone to rash actions because they have difficulty concentrating long enough to solve a problem. This difficulty is compounded by the fact that ADHD sufferers also find it hard to maintain strong personal relationships (Greer). As a result, they have no one to turn to for help in making well-informed decisions."
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Organizational Diagnosis of a Computer Software Firm, 2002.
This paper examines, through organizational diagnosis, a computer software application firm in Southern California.
3,588 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
The writer conducts this study in order to determine whether problems existed in the target organization (TO). The paper also discovers the source of any problems identified. A large prepackaged computer software applications firm located in the Los Angeles area is the target of an organizational diagnosis (OD). The organization agreed to participate in the study, and the results of the study are presented in this paper.
From the Paper
"The OD performed on the TO was structured within the framework of the Organizational Diagnosis Questionnaire (ODQ) developed by Preziosi (1980). This framework provides for the conduct of OD along seven dimensions. The hypothesis tested in the OD of the participating TO was that the source of problems existing with respect to any of the seven dimensions would be found in the variations of perspectives of personnel in the TO according to organizational status. Organizational status, as the independent variable, was defined operationally as management, professional staff, or other staff. The dependent variable in the hypothesis were the mean scores on the seven dimensions of the ODQ."
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Orthopedic Differential Diagnosis in Physical Therapy, 2004.
An analysis of the need for and application of orthopedic differential diagnosis in physical therapy.
1,451 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Many of the injuries treated by physical therapists involve conducting orthopedic assessments. In order for these evaluations to be effective, the physical therapist must be well-versed in selecting and applying the various assessment techniques required for orthopedic injuries. To this end, this paper provides a review of how orthopedic differential diagnosis can be used to help improve the assessment and treatment of physical therapy patients, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"Physical therapy is typically concerned with the treatment of chronic disabilities and with the restoration of normal functioning to the disabled through physical modes of treatment, such as exercise. This medical specialty area is generally focused on rehabilitating people who have been disabled by pain or ailments that affect the motor functions of the body. Physical medicine is one of a wide variety of treatment modalities that are employed to assist these patients to return to a comfortable and productive life, often in spite of a chronic medical problem."
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Dual Diagnosis, 2001.
This paper analyzes the issue of dual diagnosis in the light of various natural and resulting illnesses.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the psychological, sociological, pharmacological, therapeutic and behavioral aspects of relapse and recovery. The author examines how mental illness leads to medical disturbance, and therein lies the root to problems rising from drug abuse, alcohol dependency and lack of responsibility for action. The paper also discusses probable solutions to these problems.
From the Paper
"Dual diagnosis, one such issue, has received much attention in the recent past. Dual diagnosis is a term used to explain a psychiatric disorder in relation to a medical problem, e.g., substance abuse and mental instability. Estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in psychiatric populations range from 18% to 70. Recent data from the National Comorbidity Survey has identified a highly comorbid subset (14% of the general population) as being responsible for more than half of all lifetime psychiatric and substance use disorders, including the majority of the most-severe disorders."
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Periapical and Pulpal Diagnosis, 2006.
This paper looks at dental treatments and discusses periapical and pulpal diagnosis.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer notes that P. Carrotte contends that historically dental treatments have focused upon cleaning and restoration. The writer also points out that while this process has provided a simplified framework for treating trauma and infection, it does not provide a thorough review of patient conditions. When there is neglect in this area the patient may have recurring problems or the loss of teeth that could have been prevented if modern procedures had been followed. This paper discusses pulpal or periapical related issues.
From the Paper
"Therefore, it should be considered that there are a number of periapical and pulpal conditions that require specific treatments. Each category contains its own areas of pulpal or periapical related issues, with diagnostic and treatment procedures that are directed to aid the dentist in determining treatment. Proper pulpal diagnosis should be accomplished prior to treatment of the patient. Asgeir Sigurdsson contends that this process is achieved through a focus on "presenting symptoms, history of symptoms, diagnostic tests and clinical findings".
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Conduct Disorder: Diagnosis Criteria and the Role of the School Psychologist, 2002.
A look at the issues of conduct disorder in both the childhood and the adolescent years with a focus on ODD and ADHD.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the issues and the psychological development of conduct disorder in both the childhood and the adolescent years. The diagnosis of conduct disorder is compared and contrasted against oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and the correlation that conduct disorder has with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Standard medical definitions for these disorders, as well as the growing body of literature on this field, are included to better round out the discussion and to signify the impact of such disorders on children and adolescents.
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OCD Diagnosis and Treatment, 2008.
A case study of a male adult with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
1,287 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the case of "Jake," who has an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) which has reemerged after the birth of his child. The paper explains the diagnosis for OCD and outlines the probable causes that can be broken into neurobiology, etiology and genetic factors. The paper offers recommendations for the treatment of this condition.
Outline:
Introduction
Diagnosis
Possible Causes
Recommended Treatment
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Jake had been able to cope with his panic attacks and compulsive concern for cleanliness at various points in his life, including in college and when he met and married his wife, Ally. He was able to tune his environment to cater to his desire for low stimuli: this extended to his wife (who liked quiet, indoor activities), his profession (accounting, which is an individual and rather isolated profession) and his choice of a place to live (not moving away from his home town).
"A major change came in Jake's life with the birth of his daughter."
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Hepatitis C: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2007.
The paper focuses on the risk factors, diagnostic procedure and treatment of hepatitis C.
2,473 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that patients diagnosed with hepatitis C are often asymptomatic for many years. This paper explores the risk factors associated with the illness, the diagnostic procedures, as well as the efficacy of different treatment options. Side affects involved with the various treatment options are also explored. The writer concludes that it is clear that more research needs to be conducted regarding the prevention and diagnosis of this illness. The writer maintains that once diagnosed, there are standard treatments; however, the overall efficacy of these treatments is disappointing at best.
Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Risk Factors
Diagnosis
Treatment
Adverse Effects
From the Paper
"According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), up to 80% of infected individuals are asymptomatic. There are a number of factors that increase ones risk of infection. The CDC recommends that individuals who have used intravenous drugs, recipients of clotting factors made before 1987, recipients of blood or solid organs before 1992, hemodialysis patients, anyone with undiagnosed liver problems, and infants born to HCV positive mothers be screened for hepatitis C. Health care workers who have been exposed to the virus should also be tested, however routine checks for individuals in the health care profession are not recommended. It is important that all health care professionals use caution when dealing with blood spills, including dried blood, since studies have suggested that HCV can survive at least 16 hours outside of the body."
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Nursing Diagnosis in Patient Care, 2002.
An analysis of the pros and cons of a standardized vocabulary for the nursing profession.
1,364 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of "Nursing Diagnosis", a standardized vocabulary for nurses. The paper provides a brief historical background to the nursing profession and outlines the history of nursing diagnosis. The positive and negative view points of this classification are examined. The paper describes the varying opinions in relation to the patient's perspective.
From the Paper
"Nurses who practice from this perspective view the classification system as outdated and unnecessary. Lastly, some believe that language derived from theory is more articulate and precise than standards classifications. They feel that the labels used in nursing diagnosis do not capture the essence of human beings and their relationship with illness, wellness, life challenges, and experience."
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Narcolepsy: Etiology and Diagnosis, 2002.
Describes the symptomology, current etiology, diagnostic tools and current treatments with some evaluation of treatment methods for this sleep disorder.
2,931 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
Narcolepsy is a chronic, debilitating sleep disorder affecting nearly one percent of the North American population. This paper discusses the history and symptoms of narcolepsy and provides an in depth analysis of the diagnostic tools, both objective and subjective. Issues surrounding diagnosis are given, as well as treatment options such as lifestyle changes and pharmacotherapy.
From the Paper
"Cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic hallucinations are usually further controlled by tricyclic antidepressants such as Prozac, Triptil, and Anafranil (Daniels, King, Smith & Shneerson, 2001). Medically formulated gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) have shown beneficial effects in control of cataplexy in some patients (Thorpy, 2001). GHB stabilizes nocturnal REM sleep by increasing sleep continuity, and decreases cataplexy attacks, but does not significantly affect daytime sleep attacks or sleep latency (Fry, 1998). Because of GHB?s recognition as a date-rape drug and the high instances of personal and social abuse, the drug is highly regulated and hard to receive prescriptions (Fry, 1998)."
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