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The Sociology of Deviant Behavior, 2004.
An analysis of violence, deviant behavior, labeling, and conflict theories through a review of "Code of the Street," written by Elijah Anderson.
801 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the occurrence of deviant behavior in the context of life on the street. The paper contends that street life is predominated by people who live in poor inner-city neighborhoods. The paper reviews Elijah Anderson's book, "Code of the Street," that studies this very phenomenon. Applying the basic concepts associated in the study of the sociology of deviant behavior, the paper argues that Anderson's analysis of street life in "Code of the Street" puts into context the labeling theory of deviant behavior, wherein people's attitudes and behavior are associated with the labels that other people give them as deviants in society. The paper discusses this issue extensively, providing references to both Schaefer and Anderson's discussions on deviant behavior.
From the Paper
"Despite the establishment of these social norms and rules, there are still individuals who do not conform, or "deviate," from the established norms and rules in the society. Schaefer (1998) identifies deviance as a "behavior that violates the standards of conduct and or expectations of a group or society" (160). Directly linked with the study of deviant behavior is the concept of social control, which regulates human behavior within society. Thus, deviance may include some form of social control in order to inculcate in society that deviant behavior are undesirable for the society. Social control may be formal or informal, wherein the former imposes a legal procedure, such as imprisonment, or simply, by making the individual an "outsider," isolated from his/her society and not welcomed to interact with other people."
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Deviant Behavior, 2008.
A general discussion of deviant behavior.
1,165 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of deviant behavior. The paper defines it generally as being any form of behavior that violates accepted social norms and laws. It examines both the roots of this behavior and the causes for its continuation. The paper argues that this understanding is essential to learning how to best stop deviant behavior. It concludes that successfully stopping deviant behavior through an understanding of its roots and causes is an important part of the law enforcement agent's job.
From the Paper
"Deviant behavior plays numerous roles and functions, depending on the individual or group and the deviant behavior being taken. For example, deviant behavior often defines or affirms a particular culture's values or norms or clarifies the moral boundaries of a group. Deviant behavior can also be utilized to promote social unity by creating us/them dichotomies and encouraging social change. More so, deviant behavior has also led to the creation of numerous jobs aimed exclusively at controlling deviant behavior, most notably law enforcement agents. Often time, deviant behavior serves no further purpose than being an assertion of personal individuality and identity, often taking the form of a rebellion against an established norm. (Barron: 2007)."
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Impact of Schools and Family on Deviant Behavior, 2008.
A discussion of risk factors for adolescents and the development of antisocial behavior and the role of school and family in the development of deviant and criminal behavior.
2,583 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of schools and family on future deviant or criminal behavior and discusses the proven correlation between negative school and family environments and future deviant or criminal behavior. It describes risk factors for adolescents and the development of antisocial behavior. The paper looks at the role of escape conditioning during family interactions in the development of aggressive and antisocial behavior and discusses the application of the social learning theory.
From the Paper
"According to Williams (2000) Long Beach school officials found that in the year following implementation of the school uniform policy, overall school crime decreased thirty-six percent, fights decreased fifty-one percent, sex offenses decreased seventy-four percent, weapons offenses decreased fifty percent, assault and battery offenses decreased thirty-four percent, and vandalism decreased eighteen percent. Unexpectedly, fewer than one percent of the students have elected to opt out of the uniform policy."
"Some school systems have allowed students to decide whether to wear uniform clothing, but others have determined that a mandatory school uniform policy with no opt out provision is necessary to address a disruptive atmosphere. According to Cruz (2001) a Phoenix, Arizona school, for example, adopted a mandatory uniform policy requiring all of its students to wear school uniforms, or if they choose to defy the policy, attend another public school. Encouragingly, this Phoenix school uniform policy was recently upheld by a state trial court."
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Media Violence and Deviant Behavior, 2004.
An examination of how television media violence influences deviant
behavior, specifically criminal behavior.
2,288 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how violence in the media has become a commonplace affair and discusses whether television violence results in more aggressive or deviant behavior and whether it is likely to lead to criminal behavior. Through a literature review, the paper looks at how studies have proved that media violence can lead to criminal behavior and how many sociologists have concluded that violence in television media impacts viewers in a negative manner. It also shows how television violence impacts youths and adolescents much more frequently than it impacts adults.
From the Paper
"The effects of ?media? on human behavior have been closely examined for centuries. Even the earliest of philosophers such as Freud hypothesized that human behavior is a product of external influences. Approximately 50 years ago, before television became a mainstay in modern households, a researcher by the name of Hovland analyzed the potential implications of the science of communications, foreseeing much change in communications of the future. He stated ?how can stimuli?bring about various desired changes in response?? (Vos Post, 1995). He noted that analysis would be required of the stimuli transmitted by the communicator, in this case the television (Vos Post, 1995)."
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Drug Use and Deviant Behavior, 2004.
An analysis of a journal article on drug use and deviant behavior in adolescents.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes a 1999 journal article that shows that preteens and teens of addicted parents have a high rate of substance and alcohol use and other deviant behaviors.
From the Paper
"In "Early Deviance and Related Risk Factors in the Children of Narcotic Addicts", Nurco, Blatchley, Hanlon and O'Grady report the results of a meta-analysis on the self-reported behaviors of male and female adolescents ages of narcotic-addicted parents participating in methadone programs. The results of the self-report measures found that early deviance is related to current adolescent drug and alcohol use, association with deviant peers, a negative view of self and psychological symptomatology. There are a number of risks and protective..."
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The Lunar Cycle, Suicides and Deviant Behavior, 2002.
This essay studies the relationship between the lunar cycle, suicides and deviant behavior. This paper looks at the validity of arguments that claim the moon affects human behavior.
810 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
Many people feel that the moon phases affect human behavior and this essay takes a look at the validity of these arguments from a psychological perspective. The main argument of the paper is based on the article "Suicides and the Lunar Cycle" by J. M. Gutierrez-Garcia and F. Tusell.
From the Paper
"Theories aligning the Lunar Cycle with deviations in human behavior have been prevalent throughout history as well as modern cultures. The calendars of ancient civilizations were often based around the cycle of the moon. Subsequently, the customs and beliefs of many cultures place the moon in direct correlation with unprecedented events and deviant behaviors. In their article, Suicides and the Lunar Cycle, J. M. Gutierrez-Garcia and F. Tusell attempt to disprove popular theories that suggest there is a relationship connecting the lunar cycle with suicides and deviant behaviors."
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Addiction: Hereditary or Socially Driven Deviant Behavior?, 2002.
This paper reviews recent research on alcohol and drug abuse and addiction in attempt to identify the factors that make individuals vulnerable to addiction.
1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
After an extensive review of the research, the author concludes that social, familial and genetic factors are intertwined; no one factor can be said to cause addiction. The author continues that it may not always be reasonable to blame completely the addicted person for his situation.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Role of Family
Genetics and Addiction
Addiction and Personal Responsibility
From the Paper
"Not every person who experiments with drugs becomes addicted any more than every person who has a drink becomes an alcoholic. Both Tani and Oxford found that the young person?s peer group made a significant difference. Young people whose friends used drugs were more likely to use drugs, while those whose friends did not were less likely to use them. Tani (2001) found in her review of the research that the peer group influenced extended use of drugs, thus increasing the risk of dependence or addiction."
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Deviant Behavior & Sex, 1987.
Sociological study of extramarital, premarital & marital sex, sex research & abortion.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Sociological theory has identified behavior that is outside the norms of a society to be deviant behavior. This report will present the major theories of deviant behavior and will discuss premarital sex. The major sex therapists will be identified in part three, and the controversy of abortion will be presented in part four.
Theories of Social Deviance
Social living is, by definition, living according to the regulations of a group (Horton and Leslie, 1982). Those regulations may be formal, as the codified laws of a society, or informal norms, such as the customs and expectations of a society. Deviant behavior occurs when a person or group of people violate the norms of a society. There are several theories regarding why deviant behavior occurs."
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Heterosexual Deviance, 2004.
An overview of deviant behavior with a specific emphasis on heterosexual deviant behavior.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses heterosexual deviance as a category of social behavior. The paper defines the term "deviance" as a behavior that meets with social disapproval or punishment by society as they violate a social or moral code of conduct and discusses stalking and pedophilia as examples of heterosexual deviant behavior.
From the Paper
"Thio notes that the term deviance refers to a broad and changing category of social behavior. He defines it as any behavior that meets with social disapproval or punishment by members of a society and or of a smaller social group. Deviant behaviors are those behaviors that society considers to be bad, evil, sinful criminal, insane or even rude. According to Thio, deviance is likely to produce some social efforts to punish and or control the deviant individual."
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Sex and Love in "She Being Brand" and "Sex Without Love", 2001.
Compares the two poems for style, themes, and use of language.
1,460 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 4 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the combination of sex and art, looking at two poems where the poets have made an attempt to work out where sex and love connect. The erotica of Sharon Olds' poem "Sex Without Love" is explored, as well as E.E. Cummings' sensual poem "She Being Brand".
From the Paper
"Two terms seeming to often coincide, making love and poetry. The act of making love, sex, and sensuality are greatly utilized topics in writing, painting and even music. However, some may argue that this combination, sex and art, is odd in our media drenched America. Today, Eros parallels pornography and explicit sexual content, both ?located on a continuum of erotic desire and dread? (Ostriker 327). Many poets have made an attempt to conquer the tangles and complications of sex and love, drawing connections between love of bodies and love of mind, leaving the abstract to the sensuous and the logical to the emotional. Sharon Olds, author of the poem ?Sex Without Love,? presents her audience with physically and sexually charged poetry. From no angle do her poems disguise erotic desires."
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Deviance, 2002.
A discussion of "deviant" behavior and how it is viewed by sociologists, criminologists and psychologists.
1,950 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at different definitions of the term "deviance" by quoting different sociologists and discussing their views as to what is considered deviant behavior. The paper then discusses labeling theory which looks at the reaction of others to "deviant" behavior and the subsequent effects of such reactions. The paper also explores the different views of criminologists, psychologists, and sociologists as to the causes of deviant behavior.
From the Paper
"One sociologist, Erdwin Pfuhl, believes that the label ?deviant? depends on a group?s notion of actions and conditions that should and should not occur. This view also suggests that labels of deviance can change within different societies and times. One might ask why there are so many interpretations of deviance. The answer is rather simple. Due to its relative nature, people will interpret activities quite differently (Clinard, 1998)."
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Constructionist vs. Positivist Perspectives on Deviance, 2006.
An explanation of both positivist theory and constructionist theory in terms of deviant behavior.
1,592 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explores aspects of both positivist theory and constructionist theory in terms of deviant behavior, and argues that constructionist theory offers better perspectives, overall, toward explaining such behavior. It also explains why deviant behaviors including alcoholism, suicide and murder are better understood under constructivist theory, and phenomenological theory in particular, than under any of the positivistic or deterministic theories.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Positivist Theory
Anomie-Strain Theory
Social Learning Theory
Control Theory
Constructionist Theory
Labeling Theory
Phenomenological Theory
Conflict Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Phenomenological theory. Phenomenological theory holds that individuals commit crimes due to the experiential features of the crime itself (Phenomenology, December 1, 2005; Labeling theories of crime, April 15, 2005). Incentive for criminal or deviant acts, under this theory, lies in the essence of what is experienced, and/or what the individual anticipates experiencing, before, during, and after the crime. Katz (1988) suggests "the causes of crime are constructed by the offenders themselves". A phenomenological approach to studying social deviance and/or criminality, then, offers a counterpoint to positivistic theories such as Merton's."
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Alcoholism, 2006.
This paper discusses the deviant behaviors of alcoholism, especially social and dependency behaviors.
3,920 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that both chronic alcoholism and alcohol abuse result in deviant behaviors that vary from the cultural norms, such as increased aggression and violent behaviors. The author points out that studies indicate that alcoholism can be treated by relieving many of the deviant behaviors associated with the disease through complete abstinence, which may be coupled with counseling or therapeutic measures to help minimize the effects of negative behaviors or negative coping patterns that contribute to alcoholism. The paper stresses that alcoholism is not a disease to be treated lightly because, with immediate attention and appropriate response, victims can go on to lead normal and productive lives, as can the family members impacted by the effects of alcoholism.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Causes of Alcoholism
Different Types Alcoholism Elaborated
Detailed Analysis Types and Trends Alcoholism
Summary of Review
Conclusions
From the Paper
"There are biological differences that exist between social drinkers and alcohol dependent drinkers or alcoholics. Alcohol dependent drinkers for example exhibit higher levels of certain biochemicals in the blood, including aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and carbohydrate deficient transferring. Non drinkers and social drinkers levels of these chemicals and blood alcohol levels tend however to be very similar. Alcohol abuse is also a category differentiated from alcoholism, as described earlier in this analysis."
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Homosexuality and Society, 2007.
A discussion of homosexuality as a deviant behavior.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the issue of homosexuality in a wider social context, with particular focus on it being deviant behavior. The author considers this behavior in different contexts, including how homosexual families are deviant. The paper also discusses the issue of homosexual marriage.
From the Paper
" Socially homosexuality is considered deviant, by many, as it does not meet the social needs of the development of a traditional family, capable of creating offspring. Though the definition of family is changing even as this work is being written, the homosexual, same gender couple cannot and will likely never be able to create offspring, without the intervention of an outside party. Many would also say that the social implications of a homosexual couple of either gender raising a child is deviant as said child would then not be exposed to the norm of the family with regard to a man a woman and a child, or all the implications of it. (Zingo & Early, 1994, p. 1)"
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Sex Offender Treatment, 2004.
An analysis of different therapies used in the treatment of sex offenders.
2,586 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the benefits and limitations of psychoanalytical and cognitive therapy, while contrasting the use of these theories in treating sex offenders. The paper presents a background of the use of cognitive behavioral therapy as a treatment for sex offenders, outlining the role of denial in this therapy. Psychoanalytical therapy is explained as encouraging an understanding of the deviant behavior as opposed to changing the behavior.
From the Paper
"Clinical interest in issues of denial and accountability in sexual offenders can be traced as far back as the 1960s and 1970s (Cowden & Morse, 1970). The origin of cognitive behavioral therapy dates back to the late 1970's, as the dominant approach to the treatment of sexual offenders (Marshall & Barbaree, 1990). The overall aim of cognitive behavioral treatment is to strengthen sex offenders with the self-management skills necessary to manage or avoid situations that increase their risk of recidivism. To successfully accomplish this, offenders are trained to alter their views in a pro-social direction, attend to negative consequences of their actions both for themselves and others, establish a less distorted view of their deviant behavior, develop more acceptable responses to meet their needs, and learn strategies to control deviant sexual arousal (Marshall, & Barbaree, 1990). As with any remedial measure in individuals, the effectiveness of these approaches rests in part on the offender's cooperation and dedication to the treatment process."
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