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Childhood Developmental Stages, 2005.
This paper investigates the depiction in films of three childhood developmental stages.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines, using Erik Erikson's developmental model, infancy, toddlerhood, early childhood and middle childhood the way they are depicted in Hollywood movies. The author evaluates whether these stages are accurate depictions or whether they distort the psych-social crisis associated with the developmental stage. The paper includes films "Rebel without a Cause", "Man on Fire", "To Kill a Mockingbird", "The Straight Story" and "Sunset Boulevard".
From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine three developmental stages and the way they are depicted in the movies or on television programs emphasizing whether these depictions are accurate."
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Developmental Stages, 2002.
Psychological developmental stages of a 16 year old.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the three major stages of a 16 year old with reference to Piaget's, Berger's and Erikson's theories.
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Erikson?s Eight Developmental Stages, 2002.
This paper examines in depth each of Erikson?s eight developmental stages and compares and contrasts the development of two older adults, Penelope, age 88, and Ralph, age 77.
5,930 words (approx. 23.7 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 141.95
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Abstract
In addition to tracing Penelope?s and Ralph?s developmental milestones, this paper also explores their areas of satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their lives and discusses some of the possible reasons why their lives turned out as they did.
From the Paper
?Over a hundred years ago, William Wordsworth wrote, ?The child is the father of the man.? In other words, who we are and what we experience as children at least partially dictates who we are and what we will do as adults. Erik Erikson?s theory of development followed this point of view. Erikson realized that no adult springs forth fully formed like Athena from the head of Zeus. Rather Erikson hypothesized that each human being goes through distinct developmental stages and that each stage has its own unique crisis or obstacle to overcome. Individuals who successfully navigate the crisis will develop a corresponding ?ego strength.? Those who do not will be left with maladaptive or malignant tendencies.?
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Personality and Developmental Stages, 2008.
An overview of personality theories and developmental stages according to Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson and Karen Horney.
2,381 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how psychoanalytic theory has had one of the most influential impacts on personality theory and development. It looks at how Freud, Erikson and Horney have uniquely contributed to the stimulation of new ideas regarding the human psyche and its development from infancy to adulthood to death.
Outline:
Introduction
Freud: Psychoanalytic Theory
Erikson and Development
Horney and Development
From the Paper
"It is of historical interest that although Freud spent nearly his entire life formulating, reformulating and developing his theories into one cohesive framework, the fundamental concepts behind psychoanalytic theory remained unrefined. It would be up to his followers to branch out from his theories, taking with them an important classical psychoanalytic construct that would later become a "neo-Freudian" theory independent of its classical roots. Although they shared the common notion that his view on sexuality was overemphasized, they retained the structural model of the psyche (particularly the ego) and, with regard to development, the different stages with corresponding tasks or conflicts that must be resolved for normal development. "
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Developmental Stages and My Self Image, 2007.
This paper explores Sigmund Freud and Erik Erickson's stages of development and applies them to personal experiences.
2,262 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how Sigmund Freud and Erik Erickson viewed the psychological development of a person as occurring in various stages. They both believed that problems in any stage of development would have lasting effects on adult life. The paper explains how Freud focused on the sexual aspects of development, whereas Erickson took a more holistic view on the development of the person. The paper explores the various stages of development as they relate to the writer's own life experiences. The writer examines his/her family and maintains that it is a prime example of what can happen under various circumstances in the different stages of development. The writer looks at him/herself and a sister and discusses how they were treated differently in their early years. The paper contends that this is an excellent example of learned responses to our environment.
From the Paper
"The first stage according to Freud is the oral phases where the physical focus is on the mouth, lips, tongue, and other mouth parts. This is that stage that determines the dependency level of the adult. Over-fulfilled babies have difficulty coping with disappointment. Those that did not get their needs fulfilled have difficulty developing trust. Erikson's first stage was similar. During the trust vs. mistrust stage the infant must feel that someone will respond to their needs. This creates a feeling that the world is predictable and can be trusted. Caregivers that are inconsistent or emotionally unattached cause the child to develop fear and a sense that the world is inconsistent and unpredictable."
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Team Developmental Stage, 2006.
A teamwork survey using the Tuckman performing model.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a team of managers by means of the Tuckman performing model. The paper is written from the personal perspective of a member of a company who meets with the team of managers on a weekly basis.
From the Paper
"The next highest scoring phase was the Performing Stage, with a score of 20. The Performing Stage is the last of the four stages in team development, prior to Adjourning. During this stage, the team is strategically aware of what it is doing and why they are doing it. Their shared vision allows the team to act independently, without the direction of the leader. The team no longer simply wishes to achieve their goals, but to over-achieve these goals. Any disagreements that occur during this stage of development are handled positively, within the team, with processes and structure being changed accordingly, by the team. In the Performing Stage, "the team is able to work towards achieving the goal, and also to attend to relationship, style and process issues along the way. Team members look after each other" (Tuckman Forming"). As noted, the score for this stage of development is only 2 points higher than the Forming Stage. This is of interest, since these two stages represent the two opposite ends of the development spectrum, prior to Adjourning. In addition, it is scored nearly identical to the remaining two stages of development, as it is only 1 point lower."
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Development Stages and School Counseling, 2006.
Highlights the importance of understanding the implications of developmental stages on the ability of a school guidance counselor successfully performing their job.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
School guidance counselors are often caught in the middle of a conundrum: school is supposed to prepare one academically for the future, but how do you figure out why the child is not progressing? Failure to learn is not always equated to not being academically inclined. By looking to other developmental factors, the school guidance counselor can achieve a more salient set of results per student or student group than by just focusing on academic performance as reported by teachers and grades. This paper highlights the role of various developmental theories with a discussion of their applicability for the school guidance counselor. While the focus on this paper is primarily young teens/early adolescents and middle school guidance counselors, other developmental stages are also identified that apply to younger or older individuals.
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Kohlberg's Developmental Theories, 2008.
This paper discusses Lawrence Kohlberg's theories of moral development and their importance for counseling.
870 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in the early 1970s, Lawrence Kohlberg started to work on his theory of moral development, which was an extension of Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory. The author points out that Kohlberg believes that people progress in their moral reasoning through stages and that moral development occurs through social interaction. The paper relates that, in the field of counseling, these theories help counselors to understand the way a client presents his or her problems and later to situate the client within the developmental and moral stages where they belong in order to create the best interventions to help the client. The paper then analyzes the importance for a counselor to know Kohlberg's theory in order to understand the way in which clients will present their problems.
From the Paper
"Kohlberg's theory is becoming more popular because people are searching for a way to deal with today's society. Society is in moral crisis. The violence in schools is escalating, more children are bulling classmates, and many of these classmates are growing up traumatized and abused, teen pregnancy is on the raise, younger girls are getting pregnant, teen suicide is moving into rural areas not just busy urban areas, gangs are taking over neighborhoods, sexual, drug and alcohol abuse are increasing and more social problems are covering the first pages of each newspaper in the world."
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Developmental Aging through the Cognitive Process, 2005.
A research paper looking at three different ranges of the aging process.
4,390 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This study researches aging from the aspect of cognitive development, which includes all aspect of adult development including theory and research. This work is done from the view of a cognitive cohorts aspect inclusive of case studies, which state that this is from both the male and female perspective. Phases of Development are inclusive of mental, physical and emotional changes experienced by the aging individual. The three ranges covered in respect to developmental cohorts are those of Middle Age range 40-60 years of age, Older Mature Phase 60-80 years of age and Elder Range of ages 80 and beyond.
Table of Contents
Purpose
Introduction
Disease and Aging
Life Span
Molecular/Cellular Changes in Aging
Aging Theories
Accelerated Aging Diseases
Developmental Psychological Aspects of Aging
Developmental Cohorts
Facts of Aging
Cognitive Development
Piaget Theorist: Four States of Human Cognitive Development
Literature Review
Physiological Signs of Aging
Outward Signs of Aging
Adult Developmental Stages
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"Aging has many different variables and occurs at rates that are different among individuals and among species. Senescence is viewed by gerontologists as a "collection of degenerative entropic processes related only by the fact that the occurrence is over a period of time. One theory is the "Loose Cannon Theory" which proposes that an entropy-producing agent-free radical or glucose disrupts cellular macromolecular constituents over a period of time.""
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Stages of Development, 2004.
This paper compares Freud?s five stages of childhood development with Erikson?s eight stages of development.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper details that five of Erikson?s stages line up roughly with Freud?s theory of human development, though they expand upon them and take much of the focus away from sex. The other three Erikson stages follow the continued course of an individual?s psychological life, something that Freud seemed to think terminates at early adulthood. The author believes that, while Freud?s work should be honored for its daring and its groundbreaking nature, Erikson?s is a more realistic and complete model. The paper continues that Erikson appears less committed than Freud to the idea that all dreams are a form of wish fulfillment and tends to read a more symbolic nature into them.
From the Paper
"The first stage of development according to Freud is the ?Oral? stage. This stage lasts between one and two years, and during it the child?s needs are most focuses around oral pleasure such as that derived from nursing or sucking. A child who is frustrated at this stage (not fed sufficiently, for example, or not allowed to breastfeed) will have a variety of future development problems stemming from his oral nature and characterized by sarcasm, envy, suspicion, and pessimistic ideas about the world and relationships."
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Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), 2007.
This paper discusses pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), the "umbrella term" for a group of disorders including autism, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett's disorder and non-specific pervasive developmental disorder.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that all PDD are neurological disorders, which is usually evident by age 3, with the child demonstrating severe and pervasive impairment in the development of social interaction and communication skills. The author points out that intervention programs not only address the child but also the parents and their role in the child developmental process. The paper relates that the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 and the 1990 amendments support special education by requiring that states provide free special education for all children with disabilities from birth to age 21 years and that children be taught in the "least restrictive environment" possible while also receiving the necessary attention for their special needs.
From the Paper
"A medical diagnosis can affect many areas of a child and the family's life because of the disorder itself and the attitude and barriers toward the disorder that are within society. When a child has a disorder, they are labeled most of the time disabled. Children who have disabilities face a variety of challenges within their personal lives. A physical disability makes it difficult to perform daily activities, such as performing personal hygiene routines, eating, and simply dressing themselves. These challenges can be overcome by providing a disabled child with assistive devices, help from others,..."
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Stages of Group/Team Development, 2005.
An in-depth exploration of the necessary stages and phases which are vital for the development of a good team.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
Throughout recent years, researchers have outlined a proper structure of what is considered as systematic stages and phases in which a team grows and develops and becomes a success. This paper reveals and assesses the various stages of group and team development. The paper starts by assessing the features and characteristics that are considered necessary for the growth and development of a team. Understanding this aspect is important because the various stages and phases actually serve the development of the group's/team's characteristics. Subsequently, the paper highlights the works of various theorists and researchers on the subject of the various stages of group and team development.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Related Literature
Salient Features of a Successful Team/Group
The Stages of Group/Team Development
Ellen C. Davis's Model of Group/Team Development
Barbara O'Keefe's Model of Team/Group Development
Myers Briggs Models of Group/Team Development
Summary and Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Maintaining quality is absolutely critical for the success of a team/group as quality is considered to be the measuring stick of a team's success. The complexity of this issue can be gauged from the fact revealed by many researchers that managers today tend to look at quality as doing the task correctly, the first time. This attitude has paved way for enhanced commitment and has also forced the team members to create and sustain values."
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Erikson's Eight Psychosocial Stages, 2007.
This paper looks at Erik Erikson's eight psychosocial stages, while focusing on the adolescent stage.
1,138 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that Erik Erikson is perhaps one of the most well-known ego-psychologists in modern social science. The writer explains that Erikson follows Sigmund Freud's idea of development and furthers it by focusing on society and cultural factors influencing the development of individuals. The writer points out that Erikson is known for his theory based on the epigenetic principle. The epigenetic principle is basically an extension of Freud's theory of stages. The writer looks at Erikson's theory that personality development goes through eight stages. The writer concludes that Erikson's theoretical framework explains adolescent stage as the struggle associated with adolescent maturity. However, the writer is of the view that adolescence does not necessarily mean struggle.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Development of Adolescents
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Each stage has particular crisis. For example stage one is characterized by trust vs. mistrust; stage two autonomy vs. shame and doubt; stage three initiative vs. guilt; stage four industry vs. inferiority; stage five ego-identity vs. role-confusion; stage six intimacy vs. isolation; stage seven generativity vs. self-absorption; and stage eight integrity vs. despair. One of the most important aspects of Erikson's' theory is the fact that he does not believe develop stops as the individual reaches adulthood. In fact Erikson believes that an individual continues to grow and develop even in old age, and hence stage eight.
"Erikson's theoretical premise is also characterized by the limitation he sets for each stage. This he terms as the optimal time which is required for the developmental success or failure of the stage. If the stage is managed well, individuals acquire certain virtue which helps them to deal with the other stages. The complexity of the individual personality therefore rests on the crisis development of each stage."
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Prochaska's Stages of Change Model, 2008.
Applies Prochaska's 'stages of change model' to author's experience as a nurse practitioner.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Prochaska's 'stages of change model'
demonstrates that some behaviors are entrenched and therefore require a great deal more action, thought and support than others. The writer describes the model's six stages of change and then relates the application of Prochaska 'stages of change model' to the nurse practitioner's primary caregiver role as a useful agent of information and change for patients. The writer then presents a case in which she used this nursing model.
From the Paper
"Nursing theory is also applicable in this endeavor because the types of changes that are associated with nursing diagnoses, that have been utilized by me as a professional nurse, prior to becoming an NP are compatible with the concepts of slow, positive progressive change. Being an agent of information and resource and referral for real sustainable change in the lives of patients is an overarching goal of immediate and long term nursing diagnoses goals. Being the first line of information is a crucial role of the nurse."
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Developmental Disabilities, 2005.
A look at various aspects of life for individuals with developmental disabilities and their caretakers.
2,319 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the many challenges and obstacles encountered by individuals with developmental disabilities and the caretakers of those individuals. The paper discusses the stress of caring for someone with a developmental disability, the harmful effects caused by negative stereotyping of the developmentally disabled and functional difficulties that the developmentally disabled experience in society.
Outline
Societal View
Stereotypes
Challenges for Families
Functioning in Society
Assisting Transitions
From the Paper
"The societal view of people with developmental disabilities such as autism, down's syndrome, and mental retardation is complicated. On the one hand, there is a tradition in Western healthcare of institutionalizing these clients and keeping them separate from society. On the other hand, there is a growing movement for the integration of these individuals into productive roles into society through assisted living, independent living, and other alternatives stressing independence and empowerment of the disabled individual. This is sometimes known as the respective eras of institutionalization and deinstitutionalization in respect to individuals with developmental disabilities and how society views them. Seltzer et. al (2001) remark that "Many agencies that provide services to individuals with mental retardation were created in the era of deinstitutionalization (sic) and many still serve individuals who previously lived in state institutions whose families may not be highly involved."
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