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The Development of Underdeveloped Countries, 2002.
This paper disagrees with the assumtion that the progression of less developed countries will mirror those of already developed countries.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This is a paper that invalidates the hypothesis that progression of Less Developed Countries will mirror that of already developed countries.
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Rapid Population Growth in Underdeveloped Countries, 1996.
Studies effects of rapid population growth in urban areas in underdeveloped countries. Focus is on Indonesia & other southeast Asian countries.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Statistical evidence gathered by the World Bank indicates that Indonesia, along with other low and middle income South East Asian countries, is experiencing a steadily expanding population. The World Development Report calculates that Indonesia's population as of 1995 was just over 178 million (World Development Report, 1992, 218).
The average rate of population growth for Indonesia between 1980 and 1990 was 1.8 percent. Between 1990 and the year 2000, this percentage is projected to be 1.6 (World Development Report, 1992, 268). By comparison, Cambodia's percent of population growth in the same time periods are 2.6 and 1.9 percent. Cambodia's present population is calculated at 8.5 million...."
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Development in Developing Countries, 2005.
A study of domestic factors constraining development in developing countries.
1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The domestic factors that hold back development in a country usually emanate from bad or weak governance giving rise to conditions such as violence and armed conflict, widespread corruption, lack of infrastructure, lack of social cohesion, weak institutions, and urban bias, among others. In this paper, the writer examines some of these "internal" factors that constraint development and promote poverty in the developing countries.
Outline:
Introduction
Theories about Underdevelopment
Lack of Good Governance
1. Violence
2. Corruption
3. Over-population
4. Urban Bias
5. Lack of Infrastructure, Weak Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are different theories about what causes underdevelopment in a country but there is no agreement among social scientists and economists about them. The cultural background, ideologies and biases usually determine the beliefs of individuals about these theories. People and experts in the developing countries tend to believe the ?external? theories for underdevelopment that emphasize factors such as an unjust world order and the effects of colonization and Western exploitation for their underdevelopment. The experts in the developed world consist mainly of ?internal theorists? who highlight the intrinsic cultural values and aptitudes of the people and the behavior and policies of the ruling elite that constraint development. They believe that lack of legal structures and strong institutions in the underdeveloped world generally lead to a break down in the rule of law which, in turn, promote corruption, exploitation of the weak and vulnerable, and an environment of chaos and anarchy?all of them combining to block development. "
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Community Radio for Development, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of the existing framework of community broadcasting in India and how to use community radio for development in underdeveloped areas.
4,059 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at community radio as a new way of providing communication development support to the people residing outside of the major cities in India. The paper analyzes the existing framework of community broadcasting in India with regard to historical background, legal and financial aspects, policy interventions and government and corporate interest. The writer explores the best possible practices for community radio to be used as a community participatory tool to ensure the participation of the underprivileged sectors of the society in designing, producing and then subsequent airing of radio programs based on local community issues, problems, needs and interests. In conclusion, the writer posits that the denial of information to the lower classes aggravates the poverty gap and that community radio could help bridge this gap.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
What is Community Media?
The Concept of Community Radio
What Community Radio Can Do?
The Present Scenario of Community Radio in India
The Legal Aspects of Community Radio in India
The Financial Aspects of Community Radio in India
The Technical and Training Requirements
Possibilities Within the Existing Indian Framework
The Policy Interventions
The Indian Experiences
Community Radio - Voices
Community Radio - AID
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In contrast to the government efforts to bridge the digital divide and to take the advantages of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to the masses, the colonial and fossilized Indian Broadcasting laws continues to hold sway over the broadcasting arena. On the one hand, Judiciary has endorsed that 'airways are public property', while on the other, in practical realm, lines between public and private broadcasting still remain conveniently blurred. No doubt, that private radio has made an entry into the Indian broadcast arena, but community radio remains to find legitimacy by the law of the land."
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Obstacles to the Right Development, 2005.
A look at some of the obstacles hindering the economic development of many nations.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the root of the obstacles blocking economic development of many underdeveloped countries back to the Bretton Woods agreement. The paper argues that as a result of this agreement, many of the war-torn countries that needed to rebuild themselves after World War II were, compared to the industrialized nations, at an automatic disadvantage because of their relatively lower productivity and sometimes non-existent infrastructures. The paper also suggests that this automatic disadvantage has had a lasting legacy and that the U.N. and the international bodies that came out of the Bretton Woods agreement still create obstacles to economic development for less developed nations. The paper also takes a look at the consequences of an imbalance in opportunities for economic development and concludes that in order to close the gap between wealthy and poor nations, a more sociologically and ethically based approach to global governance is required.
Introduction
The Bretton Woods Legacy
All Pigs are Not Equal
Current Contributions to the Rich-Poor Gap of Nations
Consequences of Inequality of Wealth for the "Right to Development"
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Had it not been for the Great Depression (beginning in 1929) and World War II (1939-1945), there might have been no Bretton Woods Conference, no International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank) no International Monetary Fund. Nor would there have been, arguably, the current divergence between rich nations and poor, or at least, the gulf might not have been so deep and so well-defined. The "destruction caused by war and the money nations spent fighting it" harmed most of the European and Asian economies, leaving only the United States, among industrialized nations, not in need of rebuilding its infrastructure or its economy (Earth Explorer, 1995). Now, however, it seems there is economic destruction of another kind, founded in an imbalance of payments and opportunity that has resulted in virtual negation of the Right to Development that would appear to be a legitimate claim of any nation."
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Economic Development and Pollution, 2002.
Discusses the ways in which the economic development of a country can contribute to global pollution and environmental damage.
880 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the various type of pollution created when a country begins the process of economic development. It compares the types of pollution generally encountered in underdeveloped countries to countries undergoing the process of industrialization. Also, discussed in this paper, are the ways that the industrialization process can spread pollution, the types of industry that contribute to pollution and how the fuels needed to support these industries create even more pollution.
From the Paper
"Once industrial development takes place, the process of pollution affects air, ground and water. Plants and factories produce suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and lead. (Edgmand et al, 1996) At one time, it was thought that the harmful effects of these manufacturing byproducts became naturally neutralized by the wind, and in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, smokestacks were built to great heights to achieve this goal. However, all that happened was that the pollution was dispersed to other areas; for example, Scandinavia became the victim of industrial pollution from Germany and Great Britain."
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Growth and Modernization in Developing Countries, 2006.
This paper examines the methods and strategies used in developing and modernizing poor and underprivileged countries post-WWII and up to the 1960s.
2,404 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper discusses the basic tools needed for the economic development of poor and underprivileged countries which include: Capital accumulation, industrialization, foreign aid and development planning. This paper focuses on the years after WWII and up to the 1960s and the economic problems facing poor and under-developed countries. After WWII these countries could not rely on international trade. The less developed countries needed substantial capital and resources to start the industrialization process which would result in more jobs and an increase in productivity which in turn would increase the income of the working class citizen. The writer of this paper discusses the methods and strategies that were utilized to increase productivity in various Latin-American countries. This paper also touches on the World Bank's involvement in assisting these same countries while committing to end poverty and social injustice.
Outline:
Theories of Growth and Modernization
Structuralist Theories
Critique of the Growth and Modernization Models
A Shift to Basic Needs Approach
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The Latin American experience with import substitution together with the fact that a large segment of the population did not get sizable benefits from the growth in the modern industrial sector and the limitation imposed by the domestic market led structuralists to adjust their approach beginning in the 1980's. Among the adjustments were: emphasis on developing the entrepreneurial class to lead in the export thrust without abandoning their basic proposition that development must come from within; redefine the role of the state by deemphasizing control-centered interventions in favor of a more facilitating kind."
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The Ethics of Economic Development, 2006.
A look at the problem of economic disparity in the world.
1,736 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how although there may indeed be very real differences between the economically "developed" and economically "underdeveloped" nations of this world, economic "backwardness" does not equal out to intellectual, social, or cultural inferiority. The paper looks at how although the elimination of economic disparity can be a noble goal, it can also be a devastating nightmare if not handled properly.
From the Paper
"Recent years have shown that words can be as powerful as weapons. Praise an individual, speak of him or her in glowing terms, and he or she will appreciate the encouragement. However, berate that some individual, disparage his or her achievements, and you may create a lasting enmity. What is true of men and women can also be true of nations. At one time it was fashionable to refer to the economically poorer parts of the globe as the "Third World." The countries of this Third World were spoken of as "backwards," or "underdeveloped," or "developing" - each term marginally less critical than the preceding. Yet each one of these terms is a judgment, a subjective idea. "
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Globalization and Developing Countries, 2005.
A thorough look at the effects of financial globalization on developing countries.
6,258 words (approx. 25.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 146.95
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Abstract
This report uncovers some of the trends in financial integration through globalization do in fact help developing nations grow faster and how financial integration affects macroeconomic volatility. The paper also suggests some benefits of financial globalization and how these scenarios could, if used properly, be fully harnessed. Through an examination of variables such as fixed and floating exchange rates, macroeconomic volatility and the roles played by governments, this report hones in on effects of financial globalization on developing countries. Includes several graphs and tables.
Introduction
Brief History of Globalization and Financial Globalization
Summary and Main Theme of the Paper
Organization of the Paper
Necessary Elements for Successful Financial Globalization
Benefits from Successful Financial Globalization
Conditions of Developing Countries for Accepting Financial Integration
Risks of Financial Globalization for Developing Countries
Does Financial Integration Help Developing Countries Grow Faster?
How Does it Affect Macroeconomic Volatility in These Countries?
How Can the Benefits of Financial Globalization be Fully Harnessed?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Another way to harness globalization is to have sound government operations that promote strong and positive investment inflows from the international mutual funds. This government must be fully cognizant that they may have to relinquish some internal power so as to enhance the communication with the established global powers to be. Developing countries also can not overlook the risk factors that come along with the financial globalization. "Capital controls are advocated both as a way of preventing and managing this latter type of crisis, and as a regulatory remedy to mitigate excess borrowing in the first place, when financial regulation is too weak to address the moral hazard incentives of explicit and implicit government guarantees. (Little & Olivei, 1999)
Their independent macroeconomic policies and domestic governance does affect the entire process and an overvalued exchange rate or overextended domestic lending boom could create a global crisis. Developing nations must grasp that transparency entails dealing with international investors who may destabilize a developing country's financial markets if they are allowed to run free. Thus, to best harness and derive the benefits from financial globalization, developing nations must establish a foundation that is based on the volatility of international capital flows, macroeconomic policies and a sound governmental base."
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East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries, 2002.
Outlines the economic growth of East Asian newly industrialized countries and discusses the effects of globalization on these countries.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by briefly outlining the astronomical pace of economic growth in the East Asian NICs. It then explores the course of development's relationship to development theory. It asserts that the neo-liberal link between economic development and democracy and greater equality is dismissed by the experience of the NICs. However, the dependency/world system approach, currently expressed in globalization, is affirmed by the recent history of the East Asian NICs and the present situation.
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Voter Turnout in Different Countries, 2004.
A look at the main factor that affects voter participation in different countries.
2,161 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the effects of diminishing marginal returns on voter turnout by comparing voter turnout in various countries. The paper looks at countries with both high and low voter turnout and attempts to explain the differences in the importance of the vote.
Outline
Voter Turnout in Established and Less-Established Democracies
A Comparison of the United States and Other Countries
Voter Turnout in Single-member Districts vs. Proportional Representation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While the leaders in turnout during the past few decades have been mainly new democracies, when one looks at broader figures there does appear to be a difference in turnout between "established democracies" and ?less-established democracies. Political scientist Arend Lijphart, categorized established democracies as all countries that are democratic now, and have been democratic for the last 20 years, and which have a population of at least a quarter of a million people (International IDEA, 2000)."
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Multinational Enterprises and Developing Countries, 2003.
Examines whether developing countries should fear multinational enterprises (MNEs).
2,703 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This essay shows why developing countries should not fear MNEs. This essay discusses economic factors pertaining to this issue. Following a detailed analysis of the impact of MNEs, the writer demonstrates the case of South Korea, which is one of the 'Four Tigers'. The South Korea case forms an excellent example of the point made here above, namely, that MNEs and their investments need not to be feared but rather be encouraged by developing countries.
1. Introduction
2. Analytical Framework
2.1. The Nature of MNEs and Proposed Investment
2.2. Host Countries' Attributes
3. The Impact of MNEs on Developing Countries
3.1. Resource Transfer Effects
3.1.1. Capital
3.1.2. Technology
3.1.3. Management
3.1.4. Criticisms
3.2. Competition
3.3. Balance of Payments Account
3.4. Employment
4. The Case: South Korea
5. Conclusion
6. Reference List
From the Paper
"Today's global economy characterized by free trade, free flow of capital and to certain extent free flow of management and technical personnel, is embodied by multinational enterprises (MNEs). Since the end of World War II, MNEs have made substantial investment for operating business in many developing countries. History has shown that MNEs, which undertook foreign direct investments (FDI) in developing countries, strongly contributed to the economic growth of these host countries, hence to the improvement of their living standards. The advantages of FDI generated by MNEs outweighed by far the disadvantages of FDI and the presence of MNEs in these countries, respectively. This is exhibited especially in the case of the four Tiger States in Asia, but also in Latin America and partly in Africa. In the end, the free market system has always proved itself as the major catalyst for economic growth."
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Development in Maritime Canada, 2008.
This paper looks at the relative backwardness of development in maritime Canada.
3,360 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the question of the backwardness of economic development in Canada's maritime region has been the subject of considerable debate among scholars and researchers. This debate has produced many possible causes for this problem, among which academics from a range of disciplines argue heatedly for this or that primary cause. This essay argues the thesis that there is no single causal explanation for the relative backwardness of maritime economic development. Instead, the writer maintains that as is seen with particular reference to the manufacturing sector, the reasons for the comparative underdevelopment of the Canadian maritime lies in the convergence of a number of factors: dependency and staple economy; the lack of local financing and control; and geography and railway freight rates.
Outline:
Introduction
The Issues in the Debate
Dependency Theory and the Staple Economy
Maritime Industries and the National Policy
The Railway and the Decline of Maritime Manufacturers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The advantage of this perspective is that it situates the problem of maritime underdevelopment within a larger historical continuum that addresses the region's economic performance and relationships not only after Confederation but before it as well. In addition, it should be noted that this approach incorporated elements of the dependency theory model with aspects of the staple theory.
"However, it should be noted that dependency theory possesses clear problems, primary among which is the fact of how empirical data seems to contradict the view inherent in dependency theory that the economic development of one area can only be achieved through the economic exploitation of another. The maritime underdevelopment problem is more complex, however, in that the data appears to contradict the simplistic application of this template.."
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IT in Developing Countries, 2005.
An examination of the difficulties in implementing technological advances in Third World or developing countries.
9,878 words (approx. 39.5 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 200.95
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Abstract
This study identifies potential hurdles and problems that are associated with information systems and technology setup in developing countries. This study also identifies the current issues existing in many developing markets and the effects that these conditions have on information system implementation. It shows how studies indicated that politics, law, culture, economics, technology infrastructure, and the availability of skilled personnel have greatly influenced the difference of key issues in IS management between developed and developing countries. It is considered important, therefore, to understand countries? IS needs and requirements. The information gained though this study helps an individual review the conditions that exist in any region and review factors that have the potential to vary the results.
Chapter: 1 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Purpose and Objective
1.3 Limitations of the Study
Chapter: 2 Literature Review
Chapter: 3 Methodology
Chapter: 4 Discussion and Review
Chapter: 5 Conclusion
Chapter: 6 Bibliography
From the Paper
"The advantages of implementing an information and technology system in any country are numerous. There are however, many hurdles and constraints. These have to be overcome prior to the implementation of these systems. These issues are further compounded in developing countries, which might not always have the necessary supporting infrastructures such as telecommunication and supporting services (qualified personnel) needing for the smooth running of the entire system. The great strides made by China and India is recent times with respect to the advancement and development of IT systems however, are testimony to the fact that even developing countries with limited prior infrastructure can makes great leaps in their economies through use of information systems and technology."
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The Role of Central Banks in Third World Countries, 2006.
A brief overview of the role that central banks play in the economies of third world countries.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the primary objective of central banks in third world countries, how they benefit developing economies and how they may also present problems for developing countries. The paper also explains why central banks, even though they may be facing the gradual erosion of their status and power, will likely be needed by developing countries, albeit in a somewhat different form, for some time yet to come.
From the Paper
"Central banks in their current incarnation are quasi-governmental institutions that are operated with taxpayer dollars but have considerable independence in the performance of their duties. Their goal is to achieve financial stability, in general, and to control inflation, in particular. Their primary method is to regulate the flow of currency; their most potent tool is their authority to raise or lower interest rates. If a particular national economy is stagnant with little or no inflation, a central bank can stimulate growth by cutting interest rates and, presumably, increasing the flow of currency into the system. If an economy is growing too fast and inflation is rising, a central bank can slow things down by raising interest rates."
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