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The Development of Old French, 2001.
This paper examines the development of the Old French language before and after the Oaths of Strasbourg.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
An insight into the history of Old French and how this language was developed and influenced by Latin. It examines the effect of the Oaths of Strasbourg on the growth of Old French as well as different considerations which effected Old French.
From the Paper
"The evolution of Old French language began in 52 Before Christ when Julius Cesar held the power over the continents of the Gaul. According to Columbian Encyclopedia, Gaul was under the Roman Empire in the first and second century. With the strong influence it brought, Latin spoken by the Romans gradually replaced the Gaelic, a Celtic language as the Gaul?s mother tongue, for a long time. Latin became the national language, spoken widely among people and became the root of recently spoken languages through Europe, including English (Le Tacon). "
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Nietzsche, Morality, and the French Revolution, 2000.
This paper is a reconstruction of Nietzsche's moral theory in "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its application to the moral-political philosophies of the Old Regime and the French Revolution.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Nietzsche's "On the Genealogy of Morals" and its relation to the historical context in which it was written. A parallel is drawn between Nietzsche's view of the historical evolution of morality and the development of the moral-political philosophies of the Ancient (Old) Regime and the French Revolution. The Ancient Regime is associated with Nietzsche's idea of "good, bad" morality, while the French Revolution is connected with "good, evil" morality. Some other issues discussed are the idea of the slave revolt and the morality of Napoleon.
From the Paper
"Every civilized society is concerned with its moral fabric: the ethical and behavioral norms that all citizens are expected to obey. Morality, on its surface, appears to be a philosophical issue. Some people speak of a universal morality, beyond time and devolving upon all people equally. In this way, they explain the prevalence of certain moral laws, for instance, the prohibition against murder, in almost every society. Others view morality as a subjective concept, yet still one with philosophical origins. They maintain that many societies possess laws against murder because each group of people has made an independent philosophical evaluation, and determined that the value of life is something they as cohabitants of the same state all uphold. For Friedrich Nietzsche, both of these approaches are fundamentally flawed."
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The French Film Industry as a Reflection of French Society, 2002.
This essay analyzes two French films, and discusses how they mirror the social rifts in modern France.
1,220 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the problem of fracture sociale in France. The author examines this problem as seen in ?Le D?ner du Cons? and ?La Haine? and compares the two with particular attention to class and social barriers in modern France.
From the Paper:
"?Le D?ner de Cons? is a farcical comedy about a club of bored, successful and obnoxious Parisians whose lives revolve around a male adolescent game of one-upmanship. Pierre Brochant is an arrogant publishing executive who livens up his upper class existence by attending idiot dinners. The concept is discomforting, rooted as it is in an attitude of arrogant superiority."
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French Revolution, 2006.
A look at the underlying causes of the French Revolution.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The time before the French Revolution was called the Old Regime. Under the Old Regime France was a nation with a large population, a powerful army and a glamorous court system. Paris, the capital, was the center of culture. Educated people in all of Europe spoke French, read French literature and copied French customs. France seemed to be the leading nation in a glorious age. Nevertheless, according to this paper, the French Revolution actually had roots deep in 18th century French society. More specifically, the paper explains that, in spite of the political, economic, and military power France held under the Old Regime, the stability of the Old Regime was already at risk because of serious troubles brewing beneath the surface that had been ignored for too long.
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The Peasants and the French Revolution, 2001.
Examines the role of the large population of French peasants in the French Revolution of 1789.
952 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This essay examines the role of the farming peasantry of France in pushing forward the French Revolution. What grievances and suffering had the peasants endured that led to open revolt in 1789, and what revolutionary responses did they take? While not representative of the political or intellectual strength that provoked the French Revolution, the peasant?s role in toppling the old regime cannot be ignored. This essay describes and evaluates that role.
From the Paper
"It should be said before beginning that during the initial struggle between the status quo and the other classes (aristocracy, bourgeoisie, workers), the peasants had played little or no role. In fact, they had literally no part in ?provoking? the first responses and revolts, and before July, 14, 1789 there was scarcely any question of the peasants. Their grievances and complaints were of little interest to the National Assembly, in which they had no members (Lefebvre 131). Yet, if one examines the story of the French peasantry and evidence provided by Georges Lefebvre, it can be argued that they had had been suffering longer and had more to complain about than any of the other classes of French society and that their actions in July and August, 1789 were utterly crucial ones. In the end, it was the mass peasant uprising of 1789 that pushed forward the revolution, destroying the remnants of the manorial and feudal system, and finally bringing all the non-aristocratic social classes in France fully together in their efforts to topple the status quo."
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Re-emergence of the Old and the New in Modernist Writing, 2000.
Looks at how the modern represents the constant demand to deny the old, even though the old comes back in new forms.
1,160 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This essay examines issues central to the concept of modernist writing such as the re-emergence of the old in the new and the modern notion of recreating the old in the new. The author attempts to answer whether there can ever be such a thing as the ?new? and if so how it manifests itself.
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Nobility and the French Revolution, 2002.
Examines the role of the French nobility in the causes of the French Revolution of 1789.
2,531 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
It is impossible to assign to any group--nobility, monarchy, bourgeoisie, peasantry, urban commoners, clergy, or philosophers--sole responsibility for creating the conditions that ended in the French Revolution of 1789. The paper shows, however, that in any of the dominant historical explanations, the role of the nobility remains the strongest element in setting the scene for the Revolution. This is true whether one considers the passive or active nature of its influence. A review of some common theories of the origins of the Revolution in this paper demonstrate that the nobility always bore major, and often primary, responsibility for setting the scene of Revolution.
From the Paper
"The popular image of the French Revolution is that of the haughty, remote, untalented Louis XVI and the spendthrift, irresponsible Marie Antoinette driving the country to near-bankruptcy and causing a general reaction against the selfishness and autocratic ways of the absolute monarchy. There is, of course, some truth in the claim that the royal couple's ineptitude was the major cause of the Revolution. Bernier holds, for instance, that when, on the day Louis XV died, the new king dismissed the old ministers, because "Marie Antoinette insisted," the "seeds of the Revolution were sown" (52). Louis XV had started to change the tax system so that the rich would assume a more proportionate share of the burden. The nobility objected strongly and Louis XVI, to gain popularity with them, rejected the ministers and the reforms that might have saved his throne."
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Bonaparte and The French Revolution, 2002.
Examines Napoleon Bonaparte's role in the French Revolution and other French military campaigns.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper will consider the impact that Napoleon Bonaparte had in his involvement with the Revolution in France, and the effect of his military campaigns in Europe.
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Napoleon Bonaparte and the French Revolution, 2002.
This paper discusses that the Age of Napoleon Bonaparte has its roots in the French Revolution and that it was Napoleon Bonaparte who spread the teachings of the French Revolution throughout Europe.
2,385 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the French Revolution ignited new ideas regarding equality, justice, freedom and the very nature of social interaction; but, ironically, it was a dictator, Napoleon, who perpetuated and spread many of these ideas. The paper points out that the Napoleonic Code, the introduction of liberal ideas to Egypt, and the beginning of the drive for the unification of Italy were all things that resulted from ideas derived from the French Revolution that spread because of Napoleon and his rule. The author believes that the impact of the French Revolution and Napoleon?s dissemination of its ideas can be demonstrated by the fact that even after the defeat of Napoleon, none of the old European monarchies or regimes ever enjoyed the absolute power that they once held.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The French Revolution
Napoleon Early in the Revolution
Quest for Power
Napoleon as a Ruler and Conqueror
The Tragedy of Napoleon?s Life
The Legacy of Napoleon and the French Revolution
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Napoleon is a tragic figure in that few have had so much and lost it all. From being the world?s most powerful man to becoming a lonely exile must have been a bitter pill to swallow. Napoleon?s life is also tragic in that so many people were fanatically loyal to him, yet his first love Josephine, was unfaithful to him and never provided the male heir that he so desperately wanted. But, the greater tragedy is the waste of Napoleon?s talents. True, he achieved monumental military accomplishments, but his conquests were ephemeral; they did not last. Universally recognized as one of the great military minds, Napoleon was equally talented as an administrator. If he had turned his attention to these pursuits, he could have done so much lasting good. He was also a man of contradictions. Vain, arrogant, and ambitious, he loved himself, but he was not afraid to recognize and praise ability in others. He was ruthless when necessary, but he does not seem to have been driven by hate as some later dictators were. All in all, he still fascinates us today."
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French Art Auctions, 2007.
A look at the impact of the French auction market legislation reform on the French art market and international art auction business.
8,770 words (approx. 35.1 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 184.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the effects of the opening of the French auction market to foreign auction houses on local French auction houses, the international auction market and the French art market in general. Specific problems that are investigated in include the impact of the French auction market reform on local French auction houses and whether they have thrived in competition with their larger international counterparts.It also looks into related issues, such as whether the change in French legislation has led to the export or import of more works of art into France for sale and whether the high taxes and stringent regulation regarding the sale and exportation of works of art from France offset any increase in the market share that would have come from the liberalization of their auction market.
Outline:
Introduction
Background Information
A Brief History of the Auction Market in France
Changes Brought By the Reform
Impact of the Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ever since the profession of auctioneer was invented in France, some five hundred years ago, they have been government officials, a kind of civil servants appointed by the Ministry of Justice because the art auctioning business was viewed as a public service just like justice and internal affaires. This monopoly was established by a royal edict of Henri II in 1556. All the profits from the activity went to the French state. All these authorized auctioneers were holding a monopoly over the art sales that were conducted on the French market. They were not only controlled and appointed by the government, they are actually considered to be government officials. "
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The Old Testament, 1991.
This paper provides a condensed overview of the Biblical Old Testament, as outlined and explored in the book, "Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament", by William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic Will
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to provide a condensed overview of the Biblical Old Testament, as outlined and explored in the book, Old Testament Survey: The Message, Form, and Background of the Old Testament, by William Sanford LaSor, David Allan Hubbard, and Frederic William Bush.
The first point that must be made here is that the point of view of the authors of this meaty volume is tinged heavily by their Christian evangelical attitudes. The authors consider the Old Testament to be not only a historical study of a time and place in history (the Middle East, during the two thousand years before Christ,) but also the precursor to the New Testament, in a purely religious sense.
Thus, the authors emphasize the importance of the old Testament as the foundation upon which Christianity is based, as ... "
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French-Iraqi Economic Relations, 2002.
An examination of French-Iraqi economic relations and the reasons for French opposition to the war against Saddam Hussein.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the French attitude towards the war effort to disarm Iraq and how France remains opposed to the use of force to achieve such goals. It looks at how the French position is influenced by its economic ties with Iraq, which is its largest trading partner in the Middle East region. It evaluates how the reasons for the French position range from political considerations to economic interest and analyzes some of these interests and the future consequences of war on them.
From the Paper
"Preventing war against Iraq would help France maintain its economic interest in Iraq. As its former colony, France does not want the United States to replace it; such condition would lead to a loss of the French influence in the region. There are charges that the US is also interested in the Iraqi oil, and if Iraq were defeated, the United States would become the temporary ruler in Iraq, and would gain from such effort, by winning oil concessions. Clearly, it is not in France?s interest to be pushed aside in Iraq, it is also a blow not only to its prestige, but also to its economic interests."
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J. Joseph's "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple", 2005.
This paper explores the concept of 'preminiscence' in aging women's poetry by examining a famous poem about the coming of old age, J. Joseph's "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple" (aka "Warning").
2,655 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 'preminiscence', the process of projecting the future, is important to the process of aging, which implies that, on the basis of past experience, women shape their futures. The author points out that, in "When I am an Old Woman I Shall Wear Purple" (AKA "Warning"), the reader learns that aging women, no longer needing to succumb to the temptations of diet aids, beauty products and cosmetic surgery, are released from the tyranny of physical beauty and are free to tap into themselves and rediscover the old feistiness, lying dormant since they were 10 years old. The paper concludes that this poem offers a positive approach to aging and a vista of freedom and possibilities by making the revolutionary statement that aging isn't so bad, after all. Poem included.
Table of Contents
'Preminiscence'
Method
Analysis
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The collection of women's life histories shows that during her 70s, widowhood is a likely possibility for most women. According to Coyle (1997), "Women on the average live longer than men. Women experience a greater life expectancy than men, and as a result, they comprise the majority of older adults." Widowhood is so common, in fact, that women regard it as something like a rite of passage, and although it is initially a shock and extremely painful for many of them, they do recover and reach a point where they see it as a whole new stage of life."
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?Old Friends? by Tracy Kidder, 2002.
An analysis of the book "Old Friends" by Tracy Kidder which examines the way old age is viewed in America.
680 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 24.95
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Abstract
In our youth conscious society it is common to reject the wisdom of the old and to value instead only the potential of the young. This paper analyzes Tracy Kidder's book on the subject, "Old Friends" which examines the way old age is viewed in American society by focusing on two men in a nursing home.
From the Paper
"The strength that is characteristic of these two men, and the independence they exhibited in life makes their existence in a nursing home extremely difficult, where their lives, like children, are governed by routine, and their lives, like the sick, seem purposeless and aimless. Unlike the sick, there is often the attitude that the old have simply been shut away to die, now that they no longer have anything to give back to society and cannot take care of themselves alone. However, life at a nursing home continues the lives these men lived ?on the outside? rather than merely terminates it."
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The French Economic System, 2006.
Examines the French economic system from 1981 until present day.
2,056 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
French governments, irrespective of their political affiliation, have always aimed at rational, efficient, economic development, with the long term objectives of the highly developed, technologically advanced economy of the United States. This paper examines the history of the French economic system from 1981 and shows how it has evolved into the system of today.
From the Paper
"Irrespective of continuous reforms and privatization during the last two decades, the government continues to regulate a large portion of economic behavior. This is no more confined to the field of health care and education but also economic activities like banking and energy generation and distribution. Railways are apparently state monopoly and the telecom sector has maximum state equity. The government economic policy has the objective of fostering investment and growth in a stable monetary and fiscal regime."
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