| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DETERMINATION INTERNATIONAL LAW": |
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Right of Self-Determination in International Law, 2008.
An analysis of the application, principles and history of the right to self-determination.
2,876 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the right of self-determination. It analyses the central problems of the issue, including the extent of its application, taking into consideration the need to balance human rights with political accord, along with the difficult question of, to whom exactly the right applies. The paper further provides a brief analysis of the principle and history of self-determination and then examines contemporary law regarding this area.
Table of Contents:
What is Self-determination?
Self-determination as an International Legal Right
Self-determination as a Right Concerning Claims to a State
The Significance of the Provision- Does it Apply Beyond the Traditional Colonial Context?
Meaning of the Provisions- "All Peoples" - an Individual Right?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The jurisdiction in this area is somewhat conflicting, and demonstrates the difficulty the court faces in reconciling the need to protect and promote fundamental human rights without destructing the already fragile international legal order. The principle of self-determination depends on the majority view of the "peoples". However, as often with human rights principles, the majority view may serve to violate the rights of a distinct minority group, thus failing to protect "all peoples". During the reconstitution of the Soviet Union, the new States were formed by referenda which established the wish for independence. However, the Chechens in Russia, as one example, were not given the opportunity to establish their own future status and neither were the minority groups in Croatia when the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia occurred ."
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| Term Paper # 59347 |
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Self-determination and its Ambiguity in International Relations, 2002.
This paper examines how the definition of self-determination has changed and what international causes and consequences have occurred as a result.
3,080 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The author discusses how self-determination has altered the face of international relations in the last century. The first section of the paper presents an overview of the chronological history of the principle of self-determination, including how it has changed over the last century. Some of the topics discussed in this section includes several examples of self-determination and how it was defined slightly differently in each of the examples. This section also discusses how changes in Europe and the collapse of imperialism, the establishment of the United Nations and its charter and the Cold War all played a role in the pushing the issue of self-determination to the forefront of international relations. The second section discusses the problems that have arisen as a result of self-determination issues in contemporary world politics. Particular attention is paid by the author to the consequences of its change, particularly because of its ambiguity and contradiction with the existence of the nation-state as the main actor in world politics.
From the Paper
"Thirdly, self-determination issues escalated in world politics as the result of the end of the Cold War as well as the spread of the effect of globalization. In the case of former Soviet Union, the motive was quitesimilar with that of decolonization era: independence from outside power seizing their sovereignty, while in the other cases are more complex because of the assortment of many factors: ethnical and historical differences, injustices, undemocratic central government or human rights violation. At the end of this section, it could be concluded that the principle of self-determination, through its redefinitions, has played and is still playing a pivotal role in world politics. In its early period, self-determination had close relationship with the conception of sovereignty, nationalism and nation-state, which the latter now becomes the main actor in world politics; while on the contrary, in recent times the right of self-determination tends to subordinate the principle of sovereignty."
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The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict within International Law, 2005.
Examines this Middle Eastern conflict within the realm of international law.
3,658 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that the nature of the Arab-Israeli conflict, in itself, is not irresolvable. International law clearly provides the means for settling the issue; Israel and Palestine should both recognize the other's right to existence and security, and pre-1967 borders, with no exceptions, should be respected. The paper argues that were we living in an international community in which international relations were determined by the just application of the law, the conflict may have been resolved. However, since we are living in an international community in which international relations are determined by force and power, the conflict is constantly becoming more and more critical because one side to the conflict has been given the power to disregard the law, while the other has been denied the protection of the law. The paper shows that the Arab-Israeli conflict is not, therefore, examined in this research in order to argue a solution, but as a means of exposing, in the author's opinion, the true face of international relations as governed by the law of force and power.
From the Paper
"At the very start of the occupation, that is in 1967, Israel admitted that it was an "occupying force." A few years later, Israel insisted that it had to continue its occupation of Arab Palestinian lands until a final peace treaty was signed. Meanwhile, Israel began to establish Jewish settlements, or what can be defined as small Jewish villages, on the Arab lands. To justify doing so, contrary to international law which prohibited an occupier from establishing settlements on occupied territories, Israel stated that these territories were "of strategic importance to its defense," and therefore, "land would be expropriated for settlements that would serve Israeli security interests." At this point, Israel stated that the status of these occupied lands would be negotiated over in the final peace settlement."
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International Law and National Interests, 2008.
Argues that international law does not have an independent effect on the behavior of states.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even in cases where states obey an international law, they do it because it's in their best national or security interest to follow the law. The paper utilizes the rational decision making model to introduce this argument. The paper then presents the Crimean war of 1854, the current Iraq War, the dispute over the Bakassi peninsula between Nigeria and Cameroon and the "Montreal Protocol" and chloroform carbons as examples. The paper also reviews treaties and agreements, which deal somewhat directly with individuals, such as the international criminal court of justice. The paper concludes that state interest, which is shaped by the position of its political class, citizens and interest groups, determines if the state preference is to follow international law or not.
From the Paper
"A good example of a states following international law because it is in their national interest was the dispute over the Bakassi peninsula between Nigeria a Cameroon. The Bakassi peninsula is an oil rich region between Nigeria and Cameroon. This peninsula has been cause of serious rivalry between Cameron and Nigeria. Both countries claimed that they had jurisdiction over the peninsula. The complexity of this case required a review of old colonial documents between these nations and their colonial masters. "
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The Use of Force in International Law, 2004.
This paper discusses that, as the world changes, so has the concept of international law, especially in the area of the use of force.
1,720 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the concepts of self-determination and human rights have had a great impact on international law. The author points out that the entire issue of using force to settle international disputes is now disputed, except for situations involving self-defense and humanitarian grounds. The paper states that the behavior of the state, according to the different laws, ultimately decides the behavior of the other states towards it and, thus, establishes a pattern of behavior of all states at a very practical level.
From the Paper
"The charter of the United Nations itself clarifies the position by stating that the charter does not impair the traditional rights of the individual or any group for self-defense when attacked. This is to be combined with the position as defined in the practice of international law as shown by the Caroline case. This case also shows certain principles, and the chief among them is that the response must be proportionate to the perceived harm or received damages. Even in this case, there are differences of opinion. The relative importance of the UN charter or the Caroline case has to be decided."
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Self-Determination & International Law, 1996.
Examines legal, political & social aspects of self-determination in context of human rights in Spain, Vietnam, former Soviet republics.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 16 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
This research examines the concept of self-determination within the context of international law. The goal of this examination is to develop a position on the question: Is the concept of self-determination in international law a legal concept, a politico-legal concept, or a socio-legal concept?
Self-Determination: The Concept
As a part of the Accord on Human Rights, the United Nations and the great majority of the individual member states have recognized the right of self-determination for all people at a general level. Legal resolutions of the United Nations proclaiming the right of political self-determination for specific ,,,"
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International Migration Law, 2008.
This paper discusses the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
2,442 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW) is the most comprehensive international treaty for the protection of migrants' rights. The writer points out that it was conceived in the 1970s, and adopted by the United Nations' General Assembly and opened for ratification on 18 December 1990. The writer discusses that although the Convention entered into force in 2003 and is viewed by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights as one of the core international human rights treaties, to date it has been ratified by just 37 states. Further, not a single major migrant-receiving state has ratified it. The writer examines the reasons for this lack of participation. The writer focuses on the most important legal principles embedded within the ICRMW, and compares them with the pre-existing national and international laws, in order to determine the basis for non-ratification.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Structure and Important Legal Principles
Obstacles to Ratification
Legal Obstacles
Political Obstacles
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The second assertion, that the Convention provides too many rights to migrants might be disputed as well, since the rights that it provides have all been awarded in previous UN conventions and treaties. They are, in fact, internationally recognized human rights. While the legal obstacles mentioned above should not be simply disregarded, receiving states should be able to avoid them if the relevant provisions of the ICRMW are correctly applied.
"There are, however, more serious, country-specific legal obstacles, some of which might only be surmountable by amending national legislations or by opting out of the specific clause."
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International Operations and Internalization, 2005.
Considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper considers how international operations affects a company's marketing function, including all four components of the marketing mix. It looks at Porter's model of international strategy and stages of internationalization. The paper provides examples.
From the Paper
"In today's economy companies can no longer be satisfied with serving a single geographic market. This strategy is still effective for some businesses but many companies-including small and medium-sized organizations-have recognized the benefits of expanding their operations to the global market. With the advent of the Internet and the ability to transfer funds across borders seamlessly and with low transaction costs the move toward globalization is no longer limited to only large companies ..."
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International Trade and Finance Law, 2006.
This paper discusses how international trade works and includes the legal viewpoint.
3,639 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 101.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by explaining the procedures of international trade. The paper discusses the laws within a country that ensure the payments are made by the buyer, but in the international scene, the differences between different countries may cause difficulties. The paper describes how the United Nations Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes was set up which
determines standards for bills of exchanges. This forms the basic mechanism for payment of any trade or commerce. The paper discusses the success of international traders and concludes that the financial aspect of international trade depends a lot on political situations and the overall financial position of the countries that are involved.
Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For determining procedures of setting up standards for bills of exchanges, which form the basic mechanisms for payment of any trade or commerce, a United Nations Convention on International Bills of exchange and International Promissory Notes was set up. The concerned work was done over fifteen years by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law -- UNCITRAL. This was adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, after being recommended by the Sixth Legal Committee on 9 December 1988. The matter proceeded in steps and UNCITRAL first consulted with the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law -- UNIDROIT as that organization had previously addressed the subject of unification of law regarding negotiable instruments. This required UNIDROIT to first prepare a report on the chances of extending the unification of the law regarding bills of exchange and checks."
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Legality of U.S. Invasion of Iraq, 2004.
An examination of international codes of law in order to determine whether the U.S. invasion of Iraq was legal.
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that there are three underlying concepts that must be assessed in determining whether, under international law, the United States? invasion of Iraq in 2003 was legal or not. The first of these is the United Nations? principle that conflicts should not be resolved unilaterally, but rather with the consensus of that body. The second is the Geneva Conventions principle against targeting civilian populations and civilian infrastructure not justified by military objectives. The third is the necessity of an individual state to protect itself; that is, the United States.
From the Paper
"Before one even begins to look at what experts in international law believe about the invasion, it is necessary to consider this: both the United Nations Charter and the Geneva Conventions protocols have been used to justify various forms of international actions in the past, so it is not possible, without the incident actually landing in an international tribunal, to definitively say that the U.S. invasion of Iraq was legal or not. All that is possible at the moment is providing the full range of expert opinions regarding the subject. Still, the main focus in determining the legality or illegality of the act must remain the United Nations. Founded in order to prevent foster nations? settling disputes without the need for force, its Charter is the foundation on which relations between sovereign states is governed. In addition, justification for the action is a proper concept to consider: the principles set forth in the United Nations Charter are imprecise, leaving room for proving that a nation?s actions were consistent with the letter and spirit of the articles in question."
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International Trade, 2008.
An analysis of the problems associated with international trade today and how these problems can be overcome.
3,188 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the pros and cons of international trade in order to determine whether increased international trade is beneficial or detrimental for our world. The paper also analyzes existing problems in international trade and their causes and then discusses how they can be overcome so that a greater cross-section of the global population can begin to benefit from increased trade.
Table of Contents:
The Pros and Cons of International Trade
Reasons Why Increased International Trade is Beneficial
Growing International Trade
Pros: Benefits of Increased International Trade
Cons: The Disadvantages
Analysis of the Arguments
What Should Be Done?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unprecedented development in the communication and information technologies in the last few decades as well as the eclipse of Communism has given a great boost to international trade. Most statistics and analysis show that the countries and people involved in trade benefit and increased international trade leads to prosperity and development. However, such trade also gives rise to a number of problems such as increasing inequality and rural poverty. Most of these problems are the result of trade rules that favor large corporations and the rich, who can be overcome by making the necessary adjustments suggested in this essay."
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Rosenbluth International, 2004.
An analysis of Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia.
1,541 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Rosenbluth International, an international travel management company based in Philadelphia. The paper examines the process of quality management and quality assurance that the company has undertaken in order to remain competitive and to continue to keep a leading position by providing high quality service to its travel customers. The paper explains that the process has been introduced in stages and has achieved some momentum, first by developing a training program that taught the rudiments of quality assurance to all employees, and then set out to implement a board of quality advisors to act as facilitators for quality teams formed at each business unit. The paper explores the issue of how to keep the momentum going and to develop even more means of assuring quality and of promoting it throughout the organization, especially as the organization now wants to implement the program internationally to increase the international clientele.
From the Paper
"The travel business has been changing in recent years, creating first anew business model for the field and then altering the traditional competitive environment. The advent of the Internet and the wide use of the personal computer and other computer systems opened the way for a new form of control for the hospitality and travel industries. In the 1990s, the computer constituted the technology with the greatest effect on travel and hospitality around the world. The travel business has been changing with the development and widespread use of advanced computer programs and with increased access to different computer networks. These changes have included the introduction of new services which travelers can access themselves without the need of agents. One of the reasons for this shift is the belief on the part of the consumer that he or she has been paying too much for travel and that there is some hidden expense in the use of a travel agent that can now be avoided. The customer may also desire to become master of his or her own fate to a much greater degree, using self-service machines and computers to shape individual travel plans. As this form of do-it-yourself-travel grew, the question emerged as to whether the mass of travelers really wanted this sort of system and wanted to do the job themselves rather than leaving it to a travel agent. This idea has been examined and has now been tested."
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| Term Paper # 51308 |
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The Implications of International Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the need for a validity of international law and the International Court of Justice.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purpose of international law and the role that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) plays in resolving disputes between nation states. The large increase in the number of cases is favorably as it shows the willingness of states to use the Court to reaffirm their conviction in the legality of their position in a conflict against a stronger opponent.
From the Paper
" For as long as history has been recorded, nation states have joined forces by entering into treaties in an effort to avoid violent conflict and war (i.e. League of Nations and Treaty of Versailles). In previous times, the Catholic Church mediated international disputes (Currie 2003). These agreements were implemented in an effort to prevent brutal crimes against society, somewhat like a rulebook for war. Treaties between nations involve all parties agreeing upon and adopting a set of rules that dictate interaction with one another ranging from battlefield rules to diplomatic protocol, including a framework for resolving contentious issues among states."
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