| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DETERMINATION HEATING FUELS": |
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Determination of Heating Value of Fuels, 2003.
Determination of the heat of combustion of naphthalene, using the Parr bomb calorimeter.
1,498 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This is a technical report on a laboratory experiment determining heating value of fuels. Test sample is naphthalene, and the calibrating substance is benzoic acid. The oxygen bomb calorimeter used is the Parr type.
From the Paper
"The experiment aims to determine the heat of combustion of naphthalene using data obtained from the Parr bomb calorimeter.
Three 1-g portions of naphthalene were weighed using the analytical balance. Benzoic acid is the calibrating substance used for the experiment. The heat capacity Csys of the system is calculated using the theoretical value of benzoic acid and the nickel fuse wire. This Csys is equivalent to the heat capacity Ccal of the calorimeter; this value will be used in determining the heat of combustion of naphthalene.
The heat of combustion of naphthalene is accepted at
?5156.95 KJ/mol. The experimental value ?3787.445097 KJ/mol has an error of 26.56%."
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Alternative Fuels, 2007.
This paper explores global dependence on fossil fuel and alternative fuel vehicles.
2,478 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the technologies needed to produce personal automobiles that are less fossil fuel dependant. The paper analyzes the current research in alternative fuel vehicles, specifically addressing three types of vehicles; the electric car, the hybrid/electric/combustion car and lastly the combustion engine car. The paper touches upon the issue of pollution, as it is a significant impetus for creating alternative fuel vehicles. The paper presents the hypothesis that the electric vehicle is the best practical option for consumers.
Outline:
Introduction to Problem
Review of Literature
Research Design
Data Analysis
Summary
From the Paper
"One of the most profound social questions of the modern day is the nature of the market addition on fossil fuel usage. Within the global economy the fossil fuel industry, and the worlds dependence on it has driven prices of fuel to enormous levels contributing to a global market situation where a very few hold a growing percentage of wealth and the rest must struggle to eek out an existence with what's left. "Today, more than half the world's population lives on less than $2 per day, and almost 1.1 billion people live in extreme poverty, defined as less than $1 per day." (Rice, 76) Though this may seem divergent of the topic at hand, which is global dependence on fossil fuel, the issues are interrelated."
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Alternative Fuels, 2007.
This paper explores global warming and the chemical benefits of alternative fuels.
2,041 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the "greenhouse effect" and the 1987 Montreal Protocol. The paper discusses the controversies surrounding global warming but relates that whether global warming is absolute fact or not, numerous scientific studies contend that greenhouse gases are emitted by virtually all economic sectors and the potential for global warming does exist. The paper lists the chemical benefits alternative fuels have on the atmosphere and global warming. The paper points out that the direct effects of alternative fuels on the atmosphere and global warming are difficult to forecast and impossible to measure. The paper includes images, tables and copies of appended sources.
Outline:
The Greenhouse Effect
Atmospheric Concerns
Direct Effects
From the Paper
"Contrary to global warming theory, a study published in the Annals of Glaciology challenges global warming and contends that facts confirm the global warming concept to be inconsistent with trends of the Antarctic ice. This study reports that NASA satellite observations determined the Antarctic has not melted, and instead has increased during the last 20 years the. Claire Parkinson, a NASA climatologist who ". . . analyzed the role of sea ice in the global-climate system since 1979 . . . measured the duration of Antarctic ice seasons . . . and found nearly twice as much land that had seasons increasing by one day per year between 1979 and 1999 than areas where the opposite occurred." (George) Numerous other scientific studies reportedly support the recent NASA observations."
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Alternative Fuels, 2005.
This paper analyzes the American transportation system and discusses the need for alternative, environment-friendly fuels.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the American metropolitan transportation system and maintains that it is in dire need of improvement, especially in terms of reducing air pollution. The paper discusses how the massive use of fossil fuels derived from oil is becoming prohibitively expensive, but that the gravest consequence is the constant emission of poisons into the atmosphere from vehicle exhausts. The paper points out that this problem has become especially acute over the last thirty years and needs to be resolved through the use of alternative fuels.
From the Paper
"The American metropolitan transportation system is in dire need of improvement, especially in terms of reducing air pollution. The massive use of fossil fuels derived from oil is becoming prohibitively expensive, but the gravest consequence is the constant emission of poisons into the atmosphere from vehicle exhausts. This problem has become especially acute over the last thirty years and needs to be resolved through the use of alternative fuels. The initial development of fuel-efficient cars was primarily in response to the OPEC oil crisis of the nineteen-seventies and the resulting dramatic rise in gasoline prices for American motorists. Up until the Yom Kippur War of 1973, Americans drove high-powered, gas-guzzling cars and since gasoline was so cheap no consumers were interested in buying fuel-efficient cars."
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Fuels and Electricity Deregulation, 2002.
An essay that explains the changes in fuels that generate electricity.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 14 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the changes in the fuels that have been used to generate electricity as a result of the electric utility deregulation in the United States, but more specifically, in California and Pennsylvania.
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Geothermal Heating, 2002.
A study of geothermal heating and cooling in residential housing.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a description of the geothermal heating and cooling system installed in houses and provides a list of benefits that would emerge through its installation.
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Alternate Fuels, 2002.
A look at the possibilities of using alternative methods of fuels.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This five-page undergraduate paper reviews the positive and negative aspects of using crude oil in running cars in the United States. The main emphasis of this paper is to persuade the President of the United States for the imperative need of replacing crude oil with alternative energy sources.
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CPU Heating, 2003.
Discusses heat-related problems of computers.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 7 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Examines the difficulties of overheating in large mainframe computers, modern supercomputers, and very fast personal computers (PCs). Discusses the sophistication of central processing units (CPUs) in PCs.
From the Paper
"To a certain degree, CPU heating has always been a problem with computers. Large mainframe computers have always had to operate in air-conditioned environments. Modern super-computers such as the Cray, have some form of liquid coolant ..."
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Heating Problems During Re-entry of Space Shuttles, 2003.
Analysis of space shuttle re-entries, focusing on the problems encountered by the Columbia.
791 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
As the space shuttle Columbia began its re-entry into Earth?s atmosphere on February 1, 2003, it began to break up. While the exact cause of the shuttle break up is still being investigated, there are many theories being considered, many of which have to do with heating tiles under the shuttle. The paper examines the process of an air-shuttle's re-entry into the atmosphere and shows where things could have gone wrong with Columbia.
From the Paper
"In the final stage, the shuttle approaches the upper atmosphere and enters the ionization blackout. In the ionization blackout, hot ionized gases of the atmosphere surround the shuttle. This prevents radio communication with mission control for the about twelve minutes. At this point the shuttle is traveling at 17,000 mph. As the shuttle collides with air molecules, friction is generated which leads to surface temperatures of around 3000 F. The steep angle of re-entry ensures that most of the aerodynamic heating is directed towards the underside of the shuttle where the heat resistant tiles offer the greatest amount of protection. As the atmosphere thickens, the shuttle's thrusters are eventually switched off, at which point the shuttle?s aerodynamic flight features kick in, and it can be flown like an airplane."
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Alternative Fuels, 2008.
This paper analyzes hydrogen and ethanol as potential replacements for gasoline.
3,799 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
The paper considers the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen and ethanol and determines that hydrogen is not a feasible alternative fuel until technology is developed to hold higher quantities. The paper explains why ethanol is the better alternative of the two and concludes that if we adopt ethanol as the fuel of the future, we are sure to have a cleaner and greener earth. The paper includes full color images.
Outline:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen Storage
Hydrogen Transportation and Distribution
Production of Ethanol
Storage of Ethanol
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Hydrogen is one of the many competitors looking to replace gasoline at the pumps. It has many advantages over an ethanol fuel, hydrogen requires less heat to ignite than ethanol, which means that more energy is used for powering the vehicle as opposed to igniting the fuel. (2006) In addition, its flame gives off much less radiant heat than a hydrocarbons flame, yet the flame is just as hot. (2006) Hydrogen's energy produced per unit of mass is larger than that of hydrocarbon fuels by a factor of 2.8. (Snyder, 2006). The higher specific energy means that the car can produce more heat energy for the same amount of fuel mass."
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Pollutant Fuels, 2002.
Looking at the problem of air pollution as being the fault of human technological advances.
583 words (approx. 2.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 20.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly explains that the problem of air pollution is in our control and that we should take more serious measures to fight this trend of a growing ozone hole and decreased air quality. The writer states that health hazards are increasing and it is our responsibility to put an end to this phenomenon. A number of suggestions include changing the fuels and type of transport we use.
From the Paper
"The ring of haze surrounding modern cities looms ominously and the hole in the ozone layer grows, but people rarely understand that air pollution is within our control. The causes of air pollution are many, and save for natural contributions to temporarily poor air quality, the bulk of air pollution problems are results of human technological advances. Since the Industrial Revolution, massive amounts of fossil fuels like coal and oil have been and continue to be consumed. The benefits of industry may indeed outweigh the detriments, but it is finally time for technology to solve its own problems. Until the past few decades, the spoils of industrialization were taken for granted. We can forgive our forebears for their ignorance in developing technologies with unforeseen consequences. Who could have known how human life would benefit by burning coal for electricity or oil for automobiles? "
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Eco-Fuels, 2006.
A discussion regarding oil and possible alternative sources of energy.
1,443 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at oil as a finite energy source. The paper discusses the need to find alternate energy resources of both renewable and non renewable natures. The paper reviews the different sources currently available like hydropower, solar energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy, coal.
Outline:
Thesis Statement
Introduction
Background
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Alternatives: The drawbacks in bio diesels made environmentalist concentrate on cheap and easy to make eco fuels. Eco- fuels are touted as the free energy that is not only renewable but is also harmless for the environment as they do not cause any emissions. These eco fuels can generally be made and stored at home meaning that consumer just by incurring some cost on machines and systems can fulfill their energy needs. Today technology can be used to make convert simple products like turds into methane. Some of these technologies require only some efforts on consumers' parts as they are mostly do-it-yourself ventures. There are methods available that make use of hydrogen per oxide to increase the fuel efficiency of the engines of the vehicles. Not only vehicles can be run but using these eco fuels home heating and cooling and power production can also be done. Even alcohol can be used to heat up homes and to cook food. There are organizations and individuals working for the cause and they have developed different easy to implement techniques and methods to use cheap and easily available materials to fulfill different energy needs."
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Fossil Fuels, 1993.
Examines the history of oil production, and the effects of OPEC, the Iranian revolution, and Operation Desert Storm on oil producing nations.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The industrial nations have undertaken a number of programs designed to reduce their dependence on fossil fuel. In part, this move has been a response to their dependence on oil from unstable areas such as the Middle East. The impetus for this came first from the oil shortages of the early 1970s, shortages which reminded the West of just how fragile its relations with the oil-producing nations could be and how much international relations were coming to depend on oil. As a result, the Western nations undertook a program to reduce oil consumption, with some success. Automobiles were made smaller and more efficient, and increases in the price of oil and gasoline helped reduce consumption to a degree as well. However, reducing the use of oil is only part of reducing dependence on oil from a specific region, and the Middle East remains the region providing the most oil for use in the ..."
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Hydrogen Fuel, 2006.
An analysis of the vision to switch fossil fuels for hydrogen fuel cells.
1,226 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the feasibility of switching from fossil fuels to hydrogen fuel cells. It discusses the ways in which a hydrogen economy holds much technical and political appeal and analyzes the many complications that exist in trying to make this vision a reality. It also focuses on the investment and political interest, especially among the Bush administration in the U.S.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introduction: The Draw of Hydrogen is Significant but Not without Challenges
The Appeal of Hydrogen: Political and Environmental Bonuses
The Freedom Car: Hydrogen on the Road Not All It's Cracked Up To Be
The Myriad Issues with Hydrogen: Availability, Extraction, and Storage Are Just the Beginnings
Conclusion: Hydrogen Simply Not a Feasible Fossil Fuel Replacement
From the Paper
"In January 2003, President Bush proposed allocating $1.2 billion towards the development of what he dubbed the Freedom Car, an automobile that would use fuel cell technology and hydrogen instead of gasoline by the year 2020 (Lynn par. 1). Currently, the development of this kind of a vehicle has been the primary push of the proposed hydrogen economy. Automobiles are highly polluting and highly dependent on imported oil."
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Alternative Fuel for Automobiles, 2005.
An overview of three different alternative fuels available on the market.
772 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the differences between three alternative automobile fuels, explains why it is preferable to use these fuels instead of oil and looks at how the alternative fuels are produced and their cost efficiency.
From the Paper
"Alcohol can be blended with gasoline for use as transportation fuel and may be produced from a wide variety of organic feedstock (Alcohol pp). The most common alcohol fuels are methanol, which can be produced from coal, natural gas, wood and organic waste, and ethanol, which is usually made from agricultural plants containing sugar (Alcohol pp). Twelve percent of the nation's motor fuel is blended with ethanol (Alcohol pp). "Producers can lock in prices on the futures market, using their known production cost figures, rather than relying on the volatile spot market" (Alcohol pp). In 1998, the federal government extended federal ethanol fuel excise tax incentives through the year 2007, meaning that the fuel blender can take either an income tax credit of 54 cents per gallon of ethanol used, or an exemption from the excise tax of 5.4 cents per gallon of 10 percent blended fuel (Alcohol pp). "
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