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Research Designs--A Review, 2007.
This paper reviews two pieces of literature regarding the debate between qualitative and quantitative research.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and contrasts qualitative research as opposed to quantitative research by reviewing two articles. The first article entitled "The Qualitative-Quantitative Debate" by A.K. Trochim argues that there is very little difference between the two types of research, despite the conflict, since all qualitative data can be coded quantitatively. S. Ferch also explores the difference between quantitative and qualitative research in the article "Quantitative versus Qualitative Research: An Attempt to Clarify the Problem." The writer feels the most insightful finding Ferch discovers is that research is conducted in the real world, and therefore often does not fit into the ideal paradigms of either/ or research methodology exactly. The reviewer concludes that the debate over qualitative versus quantitative is moot, since both authors found those who rely on qualitative measures must use quantitative measures in their analysis and vice versa.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Method
Results
Discussion
References
From the Paper
"The researchers both used qualitative and quantitative methods for proving their point that neither research type can stand alone in the real world; however no data, other than their own experiential data was collected. Therefore, the sample size was considerably small. They used this data to generalize their unique findings to demonstrate the connectivity between the two methods."
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The Role of Graphic Design in Web Design, 2003.
A discussion and definition of graphic and web design.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the role of graphic design in Web design. It focuses on the difference between the two and discusses how graphic design can enhance the image of the Web site. The author explores the role of graphic design in Web design.
From the Paper
"The World Wide Web has become an integral part of many organizations and groups as diverse as Coca-Cola the United States government and high school students have sites that bring their messages to the ..."
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Designs, 2004.
An analysis of the influence of Egyptian hieroglyphics and other ancient symbols on 18th, 19th and 20th century designs.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses design issues, specifically the influence of Egyptian hieroglyphics and other ancient symbols on 18th, 19th and 20th century surface pattern design and their influences now on contemporary design. The paper examines the impact on design practice of digital techniques today. The paper presents a discussion of designers from these periods, illustrating their work. Suggestions for critical analysis and an examination of possible philosophical questions are provided in the paper, as they relate to future professional practice. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Egyptian Hieroglyphics in Design
18th Century - 20th Century Designs Elements
Assessment of Influence on Contemporary Designers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Pile (1979), because alphabetic symbols do not represent true analogs for the sounds they actually represent, alphabets have become arbitrary codes that have no meaning until a user receives instruction; this can be readily discerned by a casual review of the sample Egyptian hieroglyphics in the figures below. In fact, "Once the code meaning is unavailable, it cannot be rediscovered by any logical means. The well-known story of the role of the Rosetta stone in unlocking the mystery of the lost meaning of Egyptian hieroglyphics is a good illustration of this" (Pile 112). The discovery of the meaning of the hieroglyphics was recorded in 1847 by Morrison and Von Schlegel: "For more than a millennium and a half had the hieroglyphics of an ancient race remained unintelligible to and undeciphered by a posterity of aliens, when at last, amid the recent commotions and tempests of the political world, a happy accident brought the secret to light" (55). "
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Inferential Statistics vs. Single Case Designs, 2004.
This paper compares inferential statistics to single case designs and comments on the usefulness of each of these techniques for the practitioner.
1,117 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
The current paper comments on a quote by J.M Johnson and H.S Pennypacker that compares inferential statistics to single case designs. It discusses how the statement in question calls to account psychology as a science to abandon a traditional reliance on inferential statistics and group design research and to support its practical focus on the individual with reliance on more individually focused research.
From the Paper
"Inferential statistics is a branch of statistics that consists of generalizing from samples to populations, performing hypothesis testing, determining relationships among variables, and making predictions (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001). This type of research is the most widely used in psychology, with the majority of published studies in this field relying solely on the use of group comparisons. The major argument for the use of inferential statistics is that it increases the external validity of the study and increases the likelihood of the results generalising to other people. These results are gathered by statistical inference where various methods of calculation are used to find a central tendency within a group. The variability of the results between subjects are often explained by measurement error or extraneous variability because well conducted group research introduces the only variability deliberately as an intervention designed to examine and measure its effect(s) on subjects (Hayes, Barlow & Nelson-Gray, 1999)."
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Research Designs, 2005.
This paper compares quantitative and qualitative research designs.
760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that quantitative methods have been used extensively because measuring or counting acquires scientific reliability over the non-measurable; however, quantitative research alone cannot adequately encapsulate and solve the level of abnormality, severity, consequences and impact of the area being measured. The author points out that qualitative methods take a holistic stance conserving the intricacies of human behavior by addressing the 'why' and 'how' questions. The paper relates that the choice of whether to select a quantitative or a qualitative design is theoretical because basics of both methods can be used together in mixed-methods studies to get more information than could be got by using either one alone.
From the Paper
"But qualitative research has also its own limitations and restrictions. The usual mistake is the wrong use or misinterpretation of the capacities of qualitative research. Companies frequently fall in love with the data-rich results and think that the results are projectable. This supposition is wrong. Projectabilty is not possible, as the analysis is slanted and deals with a small size. Another general misapprehension is the belief that qualitative research will always give perfect deductions."
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Instructional Designs for Exceptional Children, 2004.
A personal account of an educator's experience in instructional designs for special children.
1,659 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a narrative essay of one teacher's experiences in a format that can be used to receive college-level credits equivalent to the educator's professional work history, insights, experiences, and knowledge of the educational process. The paper conveys the teacher has learned regarding lesson planning, questioning skills, cooperative learning techniques, differentiating instruction, and other strategies for teaching exceptional children in a regular classroom.
From the Paper
"Once complete, the children are escorted to the library with their pictures in hand. After the library, the tour will continue throughout the campus to the cafeteria, nurse?s office, playground, front office and at specified points the school staff is introduced. The final destination is back at the class where a college may put a fluffy stuffed animal for the children to hug and play with. This technique has consistently broken through to even the most introverted child while providing new comfort levels regarding the campus and the administration on the first day of school."
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Work Systems Designs, 2004.
A comparative analysis of Frederick Taylor?s and Eric Trist?s approach to work systems design.
1,282 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the design of a work system can be crucial to an organization and how the choice of system depends heavily on the product or service being provided, but also on the attitudes and philosophies of the personnel in the organization. It examines two different theories on work systems design, that of Frederick Wilmslow Taylor, a pioneer in the management sciences, and that of Eric Trust. It compares Taylor, who essentially asserted that there is a best method of doing a given task and a person who is best suited to doing it, with Trust, who, in his research, compared productivity between different, comparable branches of an organization and tried to relate the differences in productivity with employee morale.
From the Paper
"A work system as organized following Taylor?s theories is characterized by having a tall management structure, with clearly defined lines of command and communication, and well-defined decision-making roles in the organization. Production in such an organization is generally in the form of a production line, with each worker having a specific task assigned to them, which is all they are trained to perform. Communication and decision making is generally top-down, and employee rewards are generally based solely on production targets."
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Research Designs, 2004.
An overview of different methodologies for studying anxiety in a hospital radiology department.
1,344 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
There are many different ways to study human emotional patterns in specific situations. Generally, there are five methods of research, including experimental, correlation, naturalistic observation, surveys, and case studies. Within each group, there are also subsets designed to further expand study options. This paper discusses the various methods of research, compares and contrasts those methods, and determines which method would be most suitable for studying anxiety of patients attending the radiology department of a hospital.
From the Paper
"Experimental designs work well in cases where the independent variable can be manipulated in such a way as to limit any other possible variables that could affect the independent variable (Levine, 2001). In the case of anxiety research outside of a laboratory setting, this would not be practical. Anxiety can be caused by any number of variables, and a subject attending a radiology department in a hospital may show signs of anxiety simply from attending the appointment. Additionally, there is no control of outside variables in this setting, and no clear way to measure a dependant variable."
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Research Designs and Reality TV, 2007.
A discussion of whether reality TV reinforces negative role models.
4,713 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the role of actors and popular personalities on shaping society, especially when seen on reality TV shows. The author explains the appeal of reality TV and further describes the methodology used in this study. Additionally, the psychological factors of being a viewer of reality TV are discussed. Some of the pitfalls of this research project from a sociological standpoint are presented and analyzed. The paper contains a long discussion on qualitative research and how this approach is applied to this study of reality TV. The paper also contains a chart that categorizes reality TV characters.
Outline:
Methodology
Rationale
Reality TV as a Social Observation Experiment
Conducting Credible Sociological Research
The Nature of Qualitative Research
Reality TV Character Categorization
Transforming Observational Data into Numerical Form
Works Cited
From the Paper
" Reality TV is one of the most popular genres in the mass media today. The viewership of these programs increases at an astonishing rate. Reality TV allows the viewer to combine both reality and fantasy in a unique blend. We know that the characters have some effects on the adults that watch. However, until now this subject has received little attention. Some of the characters on reality TV would not be considered role models a major portion of the society. The proposed research will examine the presence of negative role models in British Reality Television."
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Research Designs, 2007.
This paper explores the difference between quantitative and qualitative research.
808 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the quantitative approach and the qualitative approach to researching data. The paper looks at types of data collected, instruments used to collect the data, fundamental differences in how both types of research are conducted and procedures used to analyze the data. The paper provides at least four examples for both types of research methods.
From the Paper
"Quantitative research reveals information that is subjective because the participants' input serves as the primary source of information to the researcher (Creswell, 2001). Types of data collected in quantitative research include the answers that are given when it comes to surveys, the statistical information that can be found either through the use of surveys or through a more expanded study, the comparison data that can be collected between one individual or group and another, and data that is raw and needs to be coded on a yes/no type of basis, as opposed to the longer answers that are often collected and analyzed in qualitative research where the opinions of the subjects are generally examined."
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New World Trade Center Designs, 2002.
A look at the various architectural proposals for construction of a memorial site where the World Trade Center once stood.
1,940 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the finalist proposals for two plans, both of which intend to build the world's tallest buildings, on the World Trade Center site in New York. It also discusses the nine preliminary proposals in which several approaches were suggested to replace the 16-acre site in lower Manhattan, and all included memorials.
From the Paper
"The two firms behind the plans were Libeskind and the international THINK team, led by New York-based architects Rafael Vinoly and Frederic Schwartz. Libeskind's proposal features a 1,776-foot spire overlooking several smaller steel towers. The THINK team proposed two decorative steel towers, reaching 1,655 ft. Both included significant plans for a memorial. The winning design was announced in late February and Libeskind?s plan was the chosen project.
The selected plan for the World Trade Center site includes a museum at the epicenter of the site, as well as two large public spaces dubbed the Park of Heroes and the Wedge of Light, which would be built in such a way that the sun would shine down on them unblocked on the anniversaries of the attack. This is considered one of the most unique memorial proposals in history."
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Gangs, 2002.
A research design and literature review on why young men join gangs.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 24 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Research design & literature review on why young men join gangs. Cites nature & changing image of gangs. Historical definitions of gangs; their characteristics; family factors. Focus on current delinquent gang activities that are criminal & threaten the greater society. Discusses different theories. Includes Methodology, Research Design, sample & data analyses to be used, Survey instruments. 1 Table.
From the Paper
"Introduction
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
History of Gangs
The term "gang" originally had no negative connotations. In Old English, the term simply referred to a number of people who went around together as a group (Osman, 1999). Today, a gang is commonly defined in four ways:
1. An organized group with a leader.
2. A unified group that usually remains together during peaceful times as well as times of conflict.
3. A group whose members show unity through their language and clothing.
4. A group whose activities are criminal and threatening to..."
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California Health Care: An Article Review, 2008.
A review of the article "Uninsured Working Immigrants: A View From California County" by N. Ponce, R.J. Nordyke and S. Hirota.
764 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the purpose of the article "Uninsured Working Immigrants: A View From California County" was to inform the design of State efforts to provide health insurance to uninsured working immigrants. The paper examines the study design, the literature review, what the study measured and its data collection methods. The paper then looks at the study's data analysis and the authors' discussion and conclusion.
Outline:
Introduction
Body of the Article: Study Design
Literature Review
Measurement
Data Collection Methods
Analysis
Discussion and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The Pew Hispanic Centre estimated in March 2005 that the illegal population in California had been 2.4 million people in 2004. This figure shows that there is huge potential in the impact which the immigrant population is likely to have on the health care businesses and systems in California. As a result there have been calls by many to reform these systems and protect the system (Passel, 2005).
"The study by Ponce and colleagues (2005) was designed to inform the official policy design in California which was about to be undertaken at that time regarding health insurance in the State. The authors of the article were all employed by health service deliverers within California, which gave them appropriate requisite knowledge to undertake the study."
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Instructional Design Competency Testing, 2004.
This paper is a literature review of the instructional design process and the training received by students preparing to be instructional designers.
20,865 words (approx. 83.5 pages), 118 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the process of applying the instructional technology knowledge base to the education and training needs of the work force is referred to as instructional design. The author points out that as instructional technology, and more specifically, instructional design, has evolved, there have been efforts to more effectively meet the needs of business through the training of instructional designers who provide the instructional products business and industry what it needs to train the workforce. The paper concludes that there is a skills mismatch between school and business, representing a cultural shift, which is the result of a significant paradigmatic transference within the educational organizations that has not occurred correspondingly in the business culture; therefore, it is important to create instructional design artifacts that adequately meet the needs of the student and of the businesses in which the students will build careers.
Table of Contents
Instructional Design Competencies
Introduction
Evidence for Skills Mismatch
Reviewing Current Educational Preparation through Instructional Design
Case Study of Attempts to Institute Competency Measurement and Curriculum Change
Identifying Common Goals
General and Specific ID Strategies
The Foundation for Competency Measurement and Human Resource Practices
Bridging the Skill Mismatch with Competency Testing and Instructional Design
The History of Instructional Design and Instructional Technology Development
An Important Missing Link
Conclusion
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methodology
The Evolution of our Understanding of Human Nature and the Beginning of Human Behavioral Studies
Maslow?s Hierarchy of Needs ? a Shift in Understanding
Triangulation as a Resolution for the Dichotomy
Educational Culture and Business Expectations
Are They Speaking The Same Language?
From the Paper
"Information can be processed either consciously or automatically, and conscious processing requires more working memory resources than does automatic processing. (Kalyuga , Chandler , and Sweller 1998) Schemas which are stored in long-term memory, with varying degrees of automaticity, form the basis of the conscious thought process. A schema, thought, paradigm, or concept can be stored and retrieved from long-term memory either in fully automated form or in a form that requires conscious consideration of each of the elements and their relations. If a schema can be brought into working memory in automated form, it will make limited demands on working memory resources, and thereby leave more resources available to the person. If a fully automated schema incorporating the problem solution is available in long-term memory for transfer to working memory, solution will proceed easily and smoothly."
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