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Derek Gregory's "The Colonial Present", 2007.
This paper reviews Derek Gregory's book "The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq", which examines the war on terror based on the history of U.S. and British involvement in the region going back decades.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Derek Gregory, in "The Colonial Present", spends much of the book describing the actions of Britain and the U.S. in trying to impose control over the peoples of the region. The author points out that former colonial regions of the world are virtually all encumbered today by tensions and state failures because of the condition these regions were left in when the colonial powers withdrew. The paper states that the Middle East, which has been of strategic importance to both countries for some time, often served as a staging ground for conflicts with the Soviet Union; however, the way the West has related to the Middle East has changed since 9-11. The author criticizes that Gregory, a geographer, does not delve deeply into the internal divisions now causing the factional war in Iraq.
From the Paper
"Many of the states in the Middle East are marked by repressive policies, violations of human rights, and non-democratic cultures. The irony is that most of these regimes were set up or propped up by Britain, France, and the United States in decades past, a fact which Gregory says means that the U.S. and the other nations area not innocent, which also helps explain the anger now directed at the West by the Arab world. Gregory notes how many people are asking questions about the guilt of the West and the response of the Middle East, and he says he does not intend to decide which view is correct but only to note the dichotomy they produce."
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Colonial America, 2004.
This paper discusses key issues of the economy of colonial America.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, prior to 1750, capitalistic practices and values were not central to the lives of North American colonists, who primarily were farmers. Most of the output from farmers was not for sale in the market, but, rather, was for family or local consumption. The author points out that there were two distinct growth spurts during the colonial period. The first and more rapid economic spurt occurred in each colonial region during the time of settlement, and the second spurt was during the 1740s and lasted to the Revolution. The paper relates that the American colonists issued the first paper money of any government in the Western world; the Massachusetts Bay Colony issued paper money in 1690, which were called ?bills of public credit? and ?bills of credit? and, by 1712, seven more colonies followed suit.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Short Chronology of Early / Initial Colonial Economic Development
The Literature on America?s Colonial Economy
What was the Rate of Economic Growth in the Colonies?
Legislation Promoting Manufacturing; Natural Resources Available to Colonies
Indentured Servitude as Part of the Colonial Economy
Slavery in the Colonial Period
Taxation in the Colonies
Taxation of Maritime Business
The Sugar Act ? a New Kind of ?Tax? ? and its Ramifications
How Businessman Thomas Hancock Coped with Chaos in Colonial Currencies
From the Paper
"In May, 1607, colonists land at Jamestown, Virginia, but starvation and disease reduce the original 105 settlers to only 32, according to "The Almanac of American History". However, in 1608, new provisions arrive and a self-supporting project of raising corn is instituted ? likely the first economic development in the colonies. Those same early Jamestown settlers brought skills at glassmaking with them and produce crafts, including beads, which are used in trade with Native Americans. Also in 1608, the London Company sends glass experts to Jamestown to build glass furnaces for future production (32). Jamestown?s Captain John Smith learns how to cultivate corn from the Indians; he plants 40 acres of corn, which helps avoid continuing starvation problems, and leads to an industry of agriculture."
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?Race and Family in the Colonial South?, 2004.
This paper discusses ?Race and Family in the Colonial South?, a volume of papers from a 1986 University of Mississippi conference on colonial American.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that ?Race and Family in the Colonial South?, a collection of six essays, is mainly concerned with asking questions and offering theories about what was distinctly ?Southern? about the colonial South in the 17th and 18th centuries. The author points out that each essay provides a distinct view of the colonial South, while staying true to the books overall goal to explore the nature of race and family and the way they interacted prior to the Revolution. The paper states that ?Race and Family ?does not seek to criticize this era of America history"; instead, its goal is to provide a fuller explanation of the region and its agricultural, political, racial, and economic diversity.
From the Paper
"In an analysis of family in the 17th century, Daniel Blake Smith highlights some of the unique characteristics of southern family life. His essay, ?In Search of the Family in the Colonial South,? discusses the fact that families were often transitory and short-lived during this era. He also stresses the importance of family life in the colonial South in terms of politics and asks historians to delve deeper into the real differences between northern and southern families of the time instead of relying on simple generalizations."
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Virginia and Maryland in Colonial Times, 2006.
Examines Gloria L. Main's "Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650-1720" and Edmund S. Morgan's "American Slavery American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia".
2,957 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
There are numerous books available for researching the colonial period of American history. Each takes a different aspect or view of early life in the colonies and is supported by vast numbers and types of sources. The two books that are the focus of this paper attempt to illustrate the life and the development of Colonial Virginia and Maryland. The paper shows that both authors use a topical organizational pattern to frame their thoughts. The two writers diverge however when it comes to sources. Main ("Tobacco Colony: Life in Early Maryland, 1650-1720") makes extensive use of inventory and probate records, court proceedings, statutes, governmental documents and previously published works. She also uses an abundance of statistics. The paper shows that Morgan ("American Slavery American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia") relies more on journal articles and books to support his statements. Any statistical evidence he uses is isolated in the appendix where it is less distracting to the reader. Main's focus is toward "human interest" subjects (i.e. clothing styles, house furnishings); Morgan deals with issues and ideas. The paper argues that both books are excellent and present a wealth of information about the colonial era.
From the Paper
"During the depression years, both colonies made attempts to limit tobacco production and stabilize prices. Virginia's assembly proposed several methods to achieve its goals, but without cooperation from the neighboring colonies, success was elusive. Although Morgan recounts limited cooperation between the colonies that resulted in a prohibition on tobacco planting, Main's story is different. She relates that the two colonies never succeeded through cooperation to suppress tobacco production. Main tells of this problem in one short paragraph ; Morgan spends pages detailing the various actions taken by the Virginia Assembly. It appears that Main did not see inter-colonial dealing as important, but Morgan researched the point thoroughly."
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Colonial Powers and How They Break the Spirit, 2004.
A look at the issue of colonial powers in "Discourse on Colonialism" by Aime Cesaire and "Lost Names: Scenes from a Korean Boyhood" by Richard Kim.
789 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the writings describe different methods used by foreign or colonial powers to break the spirit of colonized peoples. It examines what these methods are and also looks at their effects. It tells how colonizers have often attempted to control and subjugate their colonies, but in the end, their dominance usually backfires, and the subjugated rise up to fight for their freedom and their own culture.
From the Paper
"Colonialism is an antiquated idea that has nearly disappeared, but not so long ago it was still an accepted and even celebrated way for strong countries to vanquish the weak. Author Aime Cesaire called the practice "a receptacle into which there flow all the dirty waters of history" (Cesaire 45), and his description is quite apt, considering the sufferings most colonized subjects discuss after they have gained their freedom, and their sufferings were certainly not centered only on violence. The colonization of unwilling subjects, such as Japan's colonization of Korea certainly entails violence, but there are much more subtle ways to bend the colonials to the whims of the aggressors, as Kim's book poignantly illustrates. For example, the Japanese begin indoctrinating the young Koreans early by hanging the Japanese flag and propaganda slogans in their elementary school classrooms (Kim 31). Later, the Japanese break the spirit of the Koreans by taking what is theirs, and leaving them with little."
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Critical Race and Post-colonial Theorists, 2006.
A comparison and contrast of the critical race and post-colonial theories of racial formation.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Critical race theorists such as Anthony Appiah, Michael Omi, and Howard Winant differ with post-colonial theorists such as Edward Said and Homi Bhabha with respect to how they understand racial formation in a post-colonial context. Subsequently, while critical race theory and post-colonial theory both challenge the Eurocentrism of classical and contemporary social theory, they offer different interpretations regarding the process and impact of racial formation. This paper examines the differences in these two theories' approach to understanding racial formation in a post-colonial context.
From the Paper
"Historically, critical race theory can be considered a product of the development of African-American thought in the post-civil rights era, and challenges the traditional philosophical tenets of the liberal civil rights movement, which promoted a colorblind approach to achieving social justice. "
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Gregory of Tours, 2001.
An examination of Saint Gregory of Tours's famous work, "History of the Frank People".
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This essays examines, in a scholarly fashion, these three schools of historical interpretation, with reference to both Gregory?s "History of the Frank People", as well as several 20th century contributions critiquing that work. The first section of the essay examines Gregory?s intellectual influences regarding his histories and his role as Bishop of Tours; the second section examines postmodern interpretations of Gregory as a bishop and as a historian; the third section examines the social history of Gregory?s time and how it affected his work, "The History of the Franks".
From the Paper
"Several schools of historiography may be examined to determine the historical significance of Gregory?s work, The History of the Franks. Most of the historiography dealing with Gregory?s work has been recorded in the twentieth century. Historians such as Walter Goffart, Lewis Thorpe, Patrick J. Geary, Kevin Knight, Jean-Jacques Ampere, Emil H. Walter, and M. L. W. Laistner are all influenced by, and critical of Gregory?s Histories. These historians all discuss Gregory?s writings in accordance with various schools of historical interpretation including intellectual history, postmodern history, and from a socialist historical perspective."
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Colonial Economies in the Caribbean, 2008.
A comparison of the economy of the Spanish colony of Cuba and the British colony of Barbados.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that both Cuba and Barbados became important sources of agricultural products for their respective colonial powers, Spain and Britain, and both developed a plantation system which included the use of African slaves. The paper then compares the economy of two of those colonies, and shows how the British colony of Barbados differed in many economic factors from the Spanish colony of Cuba.
Outline:
The Beginning of a Spanish Colony: Cuba
An English Colony - Barbados
From the Paper
"The Spanish explored and established colonies in many places in the New World beginning at a very early date. Christopher Columbus first stopped in Cuba on his second voyage. Cuba's settlement began in 1511 when Diego Velasquez and 300 men were sent from Hispaniola."
"The island was home to many Tainos tribesmen, who resisted Spanish rule, but were easily and quickly conquered. By 1517 Cuba was divided into municipal divisions, each of which was run by a council that reported to a royal council back in Spain."
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Latin America's Colonial Past, 2004.
This paper reviews "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America" by Stanley and Barbara Stein.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," by Stanley and Barbara Stein who argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world. The paper discusses the suggestion that Latin America is a continent that has only been able to inadequately fulfill its development potential, based on the limitations of the persistent characteristics of its colonial past.
From the Paper
"In "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," Stanley and Barbara Stein argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world."
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Life in Colonial America, 2004.
This paper compares the way of life during the period of colonial America in the Chesapeake area and the New England area.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that one of reasons people came to colonial America was the inheritance law in England, which gave the eldest son all of the father?s wealth, property, and belongings upon the father?s death, thus impoverishing many later-born sons and all daughters. The author points out that the South had serious problems retaining a solid workforce, causing problems during harvest; therefore, they accepted the idea of slavery, which was opposed by colonists of the North. The paper stresses that the Northern colonies desired independence, but the Southern colonies clung to the mother nation, England, and its ways.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Cause of Colonial Life
Chesapeake
New England
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Those in the Chesapeake area endured a class system though that is exactly what they claimed to be trying to get away from. The life was hard during the winter and the staple diet at that time consisted mostly of dried meat and water. ?Although America, was indeed a land of opportunity, it was not a land without many hardships and dangers. The winters were often severe and many of the very early immigrants suffered greatly through the cold seasons. The colonists, not being able to readily preserve food stuffs, cured or smoked meats and pickled various types of vegetables. They also stored certain types of vegetables and fruits in cool dry cellars." Native Americans were a threat to both the Chesapeake and the New England Colonial lives but there seemed to be more of a threat to the southern regions than the New England regions."
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Education in Colonial America, 1990.
This paper examines the system of education in colonial America from 1607 until 1776: Differences in schools in the New England, Middle colonies and the South, religious influence, elitism, male-orientation, labor issues, parochialism and mass education.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 95.95
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From the Paper
"This research will examine the system of education in colonial America from 1607 until 1776. Three influences on the form of education in three sections of colonial America - New England, the Southern Colonies, and the Middle Colonies - will be presented and then various educational laws governing forms of schooling that were passed in each of these areas will be discussed.
The form that education took in colonial America differed according to the cultures that emerged in its various geographical regions. The diverse cultures of New England, the South, and the Middle Colonies strongly affected the official attitudes toward the educational systems, and these attitudes were reflected in legislation that governed the forms that educational systems took."
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Subordinate Groups In Colonial Era, 1999.
An overview of political, legal and social origins of power relations between elites (white propertied males) and weaker groups (blacks, women, poor) in colonial, Revolutionary and Constitutional periods.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This research paper discusses the power of subordinate people over their lives and society during the colonial period and the changes in that power which were brought about by the changes in governance during the Revolutionary War and Constitutional eras. For most people in the colonies, life was hard during the colonial period which lasted almost as long as the life of the Republic since its founding in 1787.
From the Paper
"POWER OF SUBORDINATE PEOPLE IN COLONIAL, REVOLUTIONARY AND CONSTITUTIONAL ERAS
This research paper discusses the power of subordinate people over their lives and society during the colonial period and the changes in that power which were brought about by the changes in governance during the Revolutionary War and Constitutional eras. For most people in the colonies, life was hard during the colonial period which lasted almost as long as the life of the Republic since its founding in 1787. The great mass of people had little control over their lives or society, but substantial autonomy was enjoyed by the colonies and their legislatures from their colonial overlords which was a function of distances and different conditions in the harsh wilderness. A burgeoning middle class characterized all but the plantation ..."
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Pope Gregory VII (A.D. 1015-1085), 2005.
This paper discusses the power struggle between Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Church led by Pope Gregory VII was very politically active in 11th century Europe: They ultimately had the power to exile an Emperor of an entire Empire. The author points out that this created a long time rivalry between the two powers, the sacred and the secular worlds. The paper concludes that, although his reforms had not gone 100% to plan, they put a system of ideas in place for which Pope Gregory VII must be well valued and respected because his expressions and ideas are still common place in today's society.
From the Paper
"Gregory felt that Emperors of the time were very deficient as rulers, for he felt they lacked the intelligence and common sense to rule an Empire. He felt because of family ties, and the inadequate father-son rulings that the rulers were corrupting society. For the most part he felt these rulers were very greedy and participated in very immoral behavior. He knew they were using their power to their advantage and felt it was not right. In the second letter to Hermann, Bishop of Metz he states: "what then will happen to those who have caused death to thousands of persons for the sake of the glory of this world? "
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Identity in Post-Colonial Texts, 2004.
An examination of the concept of the search for identity in post-colonial texts, namely, Mira Nair's "Mississippi Massala", Jamaica Kincaid's "Lucy", and Edwidge Danticat's "Breath Eyes Memory".
3,102 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the idea of displacement is prevalent in these novels. The writer points out how the people in these post-colonial works are moving from places where the idea of displacement remained a part of their colonized history into places where they are now physically removed from their place of birth. When the post-colonial body is exposed to a culture that is very different from theirs, it becomes necessary for identity to alter.
From the Paper
"Throughout the late twentieth century and into twenty-first, the search for self-identification grew in importance as a response to an increase focus on individualism. The search for identity is a problematic discourse in a world where dislocation imposes different cultures on individuals who leave their country of origin to exist in another. In the study of post-colonialism the search for identity is pertinent, because migration is a common experience for the postcolonial body. As migration occurs, ?It is here that the special post-colonial crisis of identity comes into being; the concern with the development or recovery of an effective identifying relationship between self and place? (Empire p.8). In postcolonial texts, the reconstructing of identities are not fluid and required in order to attain progression in the space migrated into. This motif is prevalent in Mira Nair?s Mississippi Massala, Jamaica Kincaid?s Lucy and Edwidge Danticat?s Breath Eyes Memory."
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Colonial Rulers in South Africa, 2002.
A look at both the Dutch and British who were colonial powers in South Africa.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Dutch and British Colonial rule in South Africa. It argues that, to a large extent, British colonial rulers allowed greater autonomy to Africans than did the Dutch. This did not mean, however, that they were more humanitarian. Although there were elements of British rule that were certainly less racist and oppressive, the British adopted many of the same attitudes and policies towards black people as did their predecessors. Nonetheless, the more liberal attitudes, despite their contradictions, provided a foundation for future changes.
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