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Dementia in Senior Citizens, 2006.
An overview of the debilitating illness known as dementia, its symptoms, diagnosis and different types.
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper describes what happens to a patient suffering from dementia, including the physiological changes that occur to the brain as well as the symptoms and behavior commonly displayed by patients suffering from dementia. The paper also describes how dementia is presently diagnosed, the importance of obtaining an accurate diagnosis of the disease so as to differentiate it from other treatable illnesses and the different types of dementia.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Diagnosis
Types of Dementia
The Impact of Dementia
Data Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dementia refers to a trouncing of cognitive task due to changes in the brain caused by infection or pain. The changes might take place steadily or rapidly; moreover how they crop up might resolve whether dementia is reversible or irrevocable. Dementia is a type of common intellectual injury observed in aged people. More or less 10 percent of all people more than 65 years of age have clinically essential intellectual injury. Even though about 20 percent of these cases may be due to treatable causes such as toxic drug reactions, nearly all cases are what is identified as Alzheimer's ailment. It starts with fading concentration and reminiscence, loss of numerical capability, tetchiness and failure of sense of humor, and deprived orientation in space and time. Alzheimer's infection is persistently progressive and leads to fatality in 5 to 15 years. Studies of the brains of persons who have died of Alzheimer's illness illustrate typical warped fibers, known as neurofibrillary tangles, in definite areas of the brain, and cores of abnormal protein, called neurotic plaques, interspersed between nerve cells. No treatment is identified for dementia. A structure of this ailment strikes younger persons, in whom it is recognized as dementia.( Andrews and Roy, 2003)"
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Dementia, 2005.
This paper discusses dementia, a chronic and usually progressive deterioration of mental abilities and intellectual capacity due to changes in the brain such as widespread loss of nerve cells and the shrinkage of brain tissue.
1,345 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, since dementia is most commonly seen in the elderly, it is often erroneously considered to be part of the normal aging process; however, it is important to remember that dementia is a condition that is a result of a disease or trauma and does not occur in a healthy person simply because of old age. The author points out that the two most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and multi infarct dementia; both types are irreversible and cannot be cured, although there progress can be slowed with proper treatment. The paper relates that people with multi infarct dementia can be helped by controlling their blood pressure, blood cholesterol and diabetes to prevent further strokes; by using medications for reducing agitation, anxiety, depression, or sleeping problems; by avoiding alcohol and smoking and by continuing physical and mental activities.
Table of Contents
Is Dementia an Inevitable Part of the Aging Process?
Differentiating Dementia and Normal Aging Process
Types of Dementia
Diagnosing Dementia and the Role of the Cognitive Psychologist in Diagnosis
Helping Patients to Cope with Dementia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Dementia affects our memory, decision-making, judgment, spatial orientation, thinking, reasoning, and verbal communication. Its symptoms may include asking the same questions repeatedly; becoming lost in familiar places; being unable to follow directions; getting disoriented about time, people, and places; and neglecting personal safety, hygiene, and nutrition. Similar symptoms are sometimes displayed by older people due to emotional problems, which can be mistaken for dementia. These emotional problems may be triggered in the older people due to the trauma of major changes in their lives such as at the time of retirement or having to cope with the death of a spouse, relative, or friend. Such emotional upheavals leave an old person feeling sad, lonely, worried, or bored. Adapting to these life-changing events can confusion and forgetfulness in some people-the classic symptoms of dementia. Fortunately, emotional problems can be eased by supportive friends and family, or by treatment from professional doctors, psychologists or counsellors and are not a permanent feature. Furthermore, certain physical conditions such as high fever, dehydration, vitamin deficiency and poor nutrition, bad reactions to medicines, problems with the thyroid gland, or a minor head injury may also result in dementia-like symptoms but the resulting condition is not dementia and needs to be treated differently."
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Dementia, Depression and Substance Abuse, 2005.
Explores the difficulties of treating and caring for someone suffering from dementia combined with alcohol or substance abuse.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Dementia, allied with depression and alcohol or substance abuse, increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome are the most recognized types of alcohol-dementia. The paper shows that symptoms of alcohol or substance abuse can be disguised as depression, dementia or other problems associated with aging. Dementia is a condition that does not have a cure; however, depression and alcohol or substance abuse are treatable and may reverse some types of dementia. The paper shows that the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies, which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. Disease case management along with effective outpatient treatment approaches may postpone or reduce nursing home placement.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Dementia Allied with Depression and Alcohol or Substance Abuse
Dementia
Depression
Dementia and Depression
Substance Abuse
Alcohol-Related Dementia
Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Depression coexisting with dementia has often been overlooked because of the emphasis on distinguishing the two conditions; however, it should be recognized that depression is a shared concomitant of dementia (Woods, 2001, p. S10). Depression may be a predictor of some forms of dementia and is considered a major health risk in the elderly (Tierney, Boyle, Lam, & Szalai, 1999, p. 1). Studies show that depression is the most common psychiatric disease in individuals 65 years and older, commonly occurring in more than 30% of the frail and disabled elderly (Polidori, Menculini, Senin, & Mecocci, 2001, p. 533)."
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Dementia, 2006.
An overview of the causes and treatment of different types of dementia.
1,717 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Dementia is a deficiency of mental ability acute enough to hinder with normal actions of daily living, which persists for more than six months, which is not present from birth and which is not connected with loss or modification of consciousness. This paper examines the causes, influences and treatment of dementia and looks at how taking care of people with dementia is a physically, mentally and emotionally strenuous task.
Outline
Introduction
Causes for Dementia
Dementia Related Behaviors
Dementia Influenced by Environment
Environment Modifications to Treat Dementia
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The term Dementia is used for a range of states that include loss of mental ability and so is the reason for problems with memory, language, behavior and emotions. In the elderly people, Dementia is common. To some extent this affects people above the age of 65. Dementia is caused by problems in the manner in which the brain functions. The cause for Dementia is the non-functioning or dying of neurons. This often alters the levels of different neurotransmitters, which affect the function of the brain. Dementia is not a standard part of ageing. It is different from the slight poor memory that occurs in the elderly."
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Dementia, 2004.
An analysis of dementia, with a focus on alternative therapy for dementia patients.
2,377 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses dementia and the types of alternative therapies that are currently being used and studied as ways to help dementia patients and their families without requiring medication. The introduction provides a brief look at dementia and addresses the main problem: these alternative therapies are very new to the medical field, and therefore, they are still largely suspect when it comes to whether they are safe and effective. The paper hypothesizes that alternative therapies are both safe and effective for dementia, based on current research and information, and that they can benefit patients when used either by themselves or in conjunction with medication.
From the Paper
"Dementia has become a concern that is now more widely studied than it used to be. Typically seen in the elderly population, dementia is characterized by several factors, including forgetfulness and agitation. Currently, there is no cure for dementia, and it gets progressively worse as the patient continues to age. Despite the lack of a cure, however, there are some treatments that are just coming to light where dementia is concerned. In other words, doctors and researchers are working on ways to be able to slow the progression of the disease and to ease the symptoms of the disease, and there are some medications that do show some promise at this point."
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Senior Residences and Care Options, 2002.
An analysis of senior residences and care options for senior citizens including a discussion of the positive and negative aspects of each one.
3,028 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of senior residences and care options. The writer explores several choices for the care of senior citizens and discusses the positive and negative aspects of each one. The paper includes statistics about the age and percentages of elderly people in society. In addition, the writer presents a literature review on studies and other published works regarding the issue. The literature establishes that long term residential acute care and living assisted care, place a financial burden on the families and the government. The writer concludes by arguing that it is necessary to re-evaluate and revamp the residential and care facilities currently available.
From the Paper
"Over the past fifty years advances in medical science have allowed people to live longer than ever before. The average lifespan is expanding, as is the quality of life for those who reach the golden years. There are many contributing factors to the needs of the elderly with a primary focus on residential care. Senior citizens often find themselves in need of residential care, whether that care is full service, or assisted living. The nation?s care options have been scrutinized for years and some shocking results have come out of the studies"
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Canadian Senior Immigrants, 2008.
This paper discusses the problem of social isolation among Canadian senior immigrants.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Canadian senior immigrants are more vulnerable to social isolation and exclusion than Canadian-raised seniors; therefore, it is important to consider the importance of social inclusion for this population. The author points out that problems, such as the lack of social and family support, the lack of knowledge of the English/French language and the lack of community resources have resulted in senior immigrants becoming more socially excluded. The paper stresses that, to encourage social inclusion, social workers need to help break down these barriers, which have caused senior immigrants to face problems of accessibility to services. The author underscores that it is important to not homogenize the senior population but rather to offer culturally sensitive and accessible programs that meet the needs of specific immigrant senior populations and that encourage them to meet their own specific needs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Senior Immigrants: Exploring Assumptions and Reality
Social Exclusion to Social Inclusion
Barriers to Services
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Contemporary Canadian society is among the most diverse in the world: the 2001 Census lists around two hundred ethnic groups. Among the immigrant population, 68% of all immigrant seniors are originally from Europe and 19% come from Asia (one in five). This development is the result of a change in immigration patterns since the 1960s, when the trend of admitting immigrants from Europe shifted to one admitting people from all over the world, especially Asia. For the purpose of this paper, senior immigrants can be defined by age as legal immigrants 65 years old and above."
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Dementia, 2005.
This paper describes the challenging behavior of persons with dementia.
2,070 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 20 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the term "dementia" is used by the medical community to describe patients with impaired intellectual capacity; dementia patients may also be labelled as having "presenile" or "senile" dementia, "chronic" or "organic brain syndrome," "arterio-sclerosis," or
"cerebral atrophy". The author points out that two of the most common forms of dementia are Alzheimer's disease, which causes the brain to lose its ability and makes it stop functioning normally, and multi-infarct dementia in which a blockage in the blood vessels causes damage to different parts of the brain resulting in minor strokes. The paper concludes that patients suffering from dementia become in many ways like children losing control over their mind and become strongly dependant on others to function normally; hence, the people who care for these patients must do so with love, understanding and patience.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Dementia
Clinical Presentation
Cognitive Changes
Psychiatric Symptoms
Personality Changes
Problem Behaviors
Changes in Day-to-Day Functioning
Charlie
The Work Environment
Management and Treatment
Dealing with Inappropriate Behavior
Conclusion
From the Paper
"With staff that worked with Charlie, I will step into the world of Charlie who is suffering from dementia for the past 6 years; he is 54 years old and at first glance would pass of as an extinguished old gentleman, greying at the temples having an air of aristocracy about him. When
Charlie first started to exhibit symptoms of dementia, his family put it down to mood swings and thought he was going through a period of depression and tried to help him. At first there were upset over his forgetfulness but soon realised that something was happening to Charlie which he had no ability to control and soon they found out that he
was suffering from dementia."
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Alzheimer and Dementia Disease.
This paper is an extensive literature review research study of Alzheimer and Dementia Disease (AD), specifically caregivers, especially sons.
15,970 words (approx. 63.9 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper defines a caregiver, both primary and secondary caregivers, as anyone who is able and willing to carry out the numerous tasks associated with managing an Alzheimer and Dementia Disease (AD) patient and specifically describes California caregivers, spouses, adult sons and daughters. Latino caregivers and men and women caregivers. The author points out that, although there is a wealth of research into caregiving by women, there is relatively little literature about caregiving by men because the overwhelming of number caregivers for AD patients are women. The paper concludes that sons as caregivers have generally assumed their role voluntarily rather than as a cultural expectation as is the case with daughters; men have been shown to keep their caregiving role a secret from their workplace: Society has not yet granted sons equality in this arena. Six tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Need for the Study
Goals of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Delimitations of the Study
Objectives of the Study
Operational Definitions
Literature Review
What is Dementia?
What is Alzheimer's Disease?
Research on Alzheimer's and related Dementia
Who is a Caregiver?
Differences between Primary and Secondary Caregivers
Profile of California Caregivers
The Role Theory
Spouses as Caregivers
Adult Children as Caregivers
Women as Caregivers
Men as Caregivers
The Differences between Men and Women as Caregivers
Caregivers' burdens
Caregiving Outcomes
Research Methodology
Results and Discussion
Findings
Discussion
Summary and Conclusion
Support Groups and Other Resources for Caregivers
From the Paper
"Dementia is a word most people think they can define. Classically trained individuals will suggest it is simply the state of being "out of one's mind," based on the Latin roots of the word. But it is, these days, a state of being that is highly technically described, and a diagnosis of dementia-Alzheimer's or any other variety-is generally arrived at by batteries of tests. Functioning in regard to the material tested is assessed; those deviating too far from the norm are likely to be classified as suffering dementia. Lucas notes (1995) that "Clinical assessment has lagged behind research in memory disorders," but it is believed now that memory is regarded as a heterogeneous entity which is comprised of distinct systems; for example, long-term vs. short-term memory, and encoding vs. retrieval memory, and several other pairs of related brain functions. Memory, Lucas suggests, is at the root of a definition of dementia, and he explains a wide variety of memory types in locating dementia."
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Inequality in Housing for Seniors: The Elderly Poor of Minnesota, 2005.
A study of the elderly poor of Minnesota which examines the trends in housing available to seniors. Discusses Section 8 housing and demographics.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This study examines the history and national trends of poverty rates for senior citizens and compares them to the statewide levels in Minnesota. Projections of the senior population and income levels are examined to see if they are increasing or decreasing. Poverty can be measured by any of the following: absolute, U.S. government (officially sanctioned level for means tested programs), and relative. This study examines official poverty levels of seniors in comparison to being able to purchase a median-priced home and the availability of the U. S. government's Section 8 subsidized housing programs.
Introduction
Research Question
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Results
Implications
Limitations
Recommendations
Conclusions
Bibliography/References
Appendix
From the Paper
"The history of the current Federal Government's Section 8 housing programs can be traced to the civil rights movements in the early 1960's. The 1968 Housing Act states that everyone no matter race, color, age or religion is entitled to equal housing. This section 8 program gives vouchers to each state in the USA and the Federal Government funds these. Minnesota uses these vouchers to subsidize rent for means tested participants. These rental units can be in multi-family apartments or in single-family stand-alone homes. Property owners that participate in this program agree to meet certain minimum housing standards in exchange for rent and incentives (low rate of interest on mortgage or lower taxes)."
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Resources for Senior Citizens, 2007.
This paper describes how important it is for senior citizens to be active members of society and the resources available to them in the Nashville area.
2,306 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explores options for senior citizen involvement in the Nashville area. The author cites how important it is for seniors to be active in order to avoid many of the emotional problems faced at this stage of life. These issues, such as depression and suicide, are discussed. The author found the activities in her city, Nashville, to be positive options for elders seeking companionship and the opportunity to be active community members.
Outline:
Introduction
This Area
Gaps
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Recent advances in the field of medicine make it possible to live longer than ever before. While a longer life provides the opportunity for seniors to do things that they put on hold while raising families and working, it can also create a feeling of isolation and loneliness. Depression has been reported to be a common problem among the elderly as well as not eating correctly and other issues that occur when a person removes himself from society. The center for national statistics on suicide reports that the age bracket with the highest suicide rate is the group of 85 plus years old(Suicide http://www.tspn.org/facts.htm). To combat these and other problems associated with aging it is important for an elderly person to remain active. Whether it is through club membership, senior center activities or volunteering their time, the elderly should continue an active lifestyle as long as they are physically and mentally able to do so. "
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Vascular Dementia, 2006.
A review of the cerebrovascular disease that results in dementia.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses vascular dementia, a cerebrovascular disease that results in dementia. The paper includes an evaluation of the nature of the disorder, information about which age group it is most common in, and a discussion of its significance.
From the Paper
"The following literature review presents the topic of vascular dementia. A statement of the disorder and its significance, descriptions of methods overview of the literature, and a summary of findings are presented. Within this discussion..."
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Dementia, 2008.
This paper explores the condition of dementia and its treatments.
1,525 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the differences between Alzheimer's and dementia that can mean whether the patient will be able to conduct a normal lifestyle, or will be a huge burden to family, community and nation. The paper discusses how this burden can be both financial and psychological, especially for the caregivers of those with these conditions. The paper looks at the treatments and therapies available for dementia and emphasizes the need for an efficient and cost-effective treatment.
From the Paper
"Dementia can be described as the loss of memory; short-term memory first, and then, over a period of time, the long-term memory as well, and the subsequent difficulties experienced by the individual with this condition. There is much speculation concerning the loss of these memories, and most experts agree that the memories are lost due to the loss of neuron cells in the brain. There are a variety of reasons why these cells die, though no one knows the exact reason why some people contract the diseases that cause dementia, and some people do not."
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Senior Interest Groups, 2005.
A discussion of special interest groups that advocate for senior citizens.
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the historical growth in power and political influence of organizations that advocate for senior citizens. The paper's analysis maintains that it is not seniors who have become too powerful or immune to government budget cuts, but rather the interests groups who often have an ulterior agenda in mind.
From the Paper
"Senior citizens -- seniors hereafter -- are generally considered those aged sixty-five and older in the U S population. According to Day, this demographic has grown twice as fast as the rest of the population over the past two decades..."
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Alzheimer's Dementia, 2007.
This paper discusses Alzheimer's dementia and looks at treatment by different drugs.
2,639 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that Alzheimer's dementia is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that afflicts 5 million people in the United States and more than 30 million people worldwide. The writer looks at the four main drugs used in present therapy - Tacrine, Donepizil, Rivastigmine and Galatamine. These drugs are discussed in terms of their pharmacologic properties both individually and as a group. Memantine and the experimental use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors are also mentioned. The writer notes that Memantine has shown potential in the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's dementia and may have more potency when paired with a cholinergic agent although trials have yet to determine this empirically. The writer notes that the implication of TNF is still under investigation, with pilot studies showing promise.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem
Purpose
Thesis
Research Questions/Methodology/Limitations
Review of Literature/Research Findings
Summary/Conclusions
From the Paper
"Alzheimer's dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is primarily characterized by global atrophy of the cerebral cortex, with a relatively large proportion of neuronal loss in the CA1 and CA2 zones of the hippocampus and the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Cognizant with this are the clinical manifestations of the disease, primarily a gradual onset of forgetfulness, expressive and receptive aphasia, visuospatial disorientation, apraxia and behavioral changes. However, the academic "classical" symptomology of this disease is often irrelevant in the acute clinical setting as the symptoms are often missed as components of dementia or dismissed as manifestations of ageing. Even if these changes are detected early, the progression of Alzheimer's dementia is relentless."
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