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Dementia, Depression and Substance Abuse, 2005.
Explores the difficulties of treating and caring for someone suffering from dementia combined with alcohol or substance abuse.
2,231 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Dementia, allied with depression and alcohol or substance abuse, increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Wernicke's disease and Korsakoff's syndrome are the most recognized types of alcohol-dementia. The paper shows that symptoms of alcohol or substance abuse can be disguised as depression, dementia or other problems associated with aging. Dementia is a condition that does not have a cure; however, depression and alcohol or substance abuse are treatable and may reverse some types of dementia. The paper shows that the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies, which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. Disease case management along with effective outpatient treatment approaches may postpone or reduce nursing home placement.
Paper Outline:
Abstract
Dementia Allied with Depression and Alcohol or Substance Abuse
Dementia
Depression
Dementia and Depression
Substance Abuse
Alcohol-Related Dementia
Treatment
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Depression coexisting with dementia has often been overlooked because of the emphasis on distinguishing the two conditions; however, it should be recognized that depression is a shared concomitant of dementia (Woods, 2001, p. S10). Depression may be a predictor of some forms of dementia and is considered a major health risk in the elderly (Tierney, Boyle, Lam, & Szalai, 1999, p. 1). Studies show that depression is the most common psychiatric disease in individuals 65 years and older, commonly occurring in more than 30% of the frail and disabled elderly (Polidori, Menculini, Senin, & Mecocci, 2001, p. 533)."
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Depression and Dementia, 2006.
A look at coexisting depression and dementia treatment approaches for the elderly.
4,194 words (approx. 16.8 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 111.95
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Abstract
Dementia coexisting with depression increases the challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Pharmacological, behavioral, or social support interventions may delay the need for nursing home placement or institutionalization. This paper examines how the best approach to treatment is a combination of therapies which may provide help and support to the caregiver as well as manage symptoms. It proposes a study to determine whether patients with coexisting depression and dementia can be effectively treated with less inpatient care.
Outline
Introduction
Background and Significance
Preliminary Studies
Research Methodology
Human Subjects Protocol
Administration and Timetable
Limitations of this Study
From the Paper
"Dementia associated with depression increases challenges for the elderly and their caregivers. Many individuals with AD become depressed because they are aware of loosing their cognitive abilities and because of life circumstances and environmental changes. Research studies continue to work towards developing a cure or treatment strategies for AD and related dementias; however, depression often goes undiagnosed. Depression coexisting with dementia accelerates loss of autonomy (Ritchie & Lovestone, 2002, p. 8). Undiagnosed depression in people with AD and other dementias is a problem, especially since depression is treatable."
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Depression and Anti-Depressants, 2006.
An analysis of the condition of depression and its treatments.
1,879 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the condition of depression and the possible causes of its development. It analyzes techniques used for treating depression, such as electroconvulsive therapy, as well as drugs prescribed for depression, such as mirtazapine, vanlafaxine and duloxetine.
From the Paper
" Electroconvulsive therapy applies shock to cause a seizure (FamilyDoc.org, 2005). The seizure releases many chemicals in the brain, called neurotransmitters, which deliver information or messages from one brain cell to another. This makes the brain cells work better and the person's mood will improve when brain cells and chemical messengers work better. In applying the therapy, the doctor first conducts a physical examination of the patient. If he or she is fit, an anesthesiologist applies anesthesia to put the patient in a sleep-like state. The anesthesiologist examines the heart and lungs of the patient or decides if some blood tests or an electrocardiogram will be needed before undertaking the first ECT treatment (FamilyDoc)."
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A Guide to Depressive and Manic Depressive Illness, 2001.
Introductory explanations under various headings on how to recognize the disorder, causes and how to get better, etc.
2,480 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 37 sources, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses major depressive disorder and manic depression, which encompass symptoms of depression and mania or hypomania, a less severe form of mania than the acute mania that can occur with bipolar disorder. The paper is organized under the following headings: What is bipolar disorder? What are some of the signs of bipolar disorder? Suicide. What Is the Course of Bipolar Disorder? Can Children and Adolescents Have Bipolar Disorder? What Causes Bipolar Disorder? How is bipolar disorder treated? What can I do to help myself get better? Where can I get more information about bipolar disorder?
From the Paper
"More than 2 million American adults,or about 1 percent of the population age 18 and older in any given year have bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood. However, some people have their first symptoms during childhood, and some develop them late in life. It is often not recognized as an illness, and people may suffer for years before it is properly diagnosed and treated. Like diabetes or heart disease, bipolar disorder is a long-term illness that must be carefully managed throughout a person's life."
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"Depression & Adult Children", 1997.
Compares depression, anxiety & substance abuse among alcoholics' & non-alcoholics' adult children.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 16 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Depression and Anxiety Among Adult Children
How do the levels of depression and anxiety of adult children of non-alcoholics compare to the levels of depression and anxiety in adult children who were raised in alcoholic homes? The existing research supports higher levels of depression among adult children of alcoholics than adult children of non-alcoholics. Adult children of alcoholics also appear to be at greater risk of anxiety and fear than adult children of non-alcoholics.
In addition, studies show that not only are adult children of alcoholics more depressed than adult children of non-alcoholics, but they also have lower self-esteem. The low self-esteem and depression are the result of a negative attributional style in which adult children of alcoholics tend to perceive.."
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Substance Abuse, 2002.
This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence.
2,003 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that substance abuse greatly impacts many, if not all, aspects of an individual's life and is typically linked to behavioral, economic, educational, legal, medical, psychological, public health, and social problems. This paper analyzes and examines substance abuse and substance dependence. In Part II, the general causes and effects of substance abuse and substance dependence are addressed. Part III examines the psychiatric aspects of substance abuse. In Part IV, the relationship between substance abuse and crime is outlined. Finally, this paper concludes with a way to improve the awareness and treatment of psychiatric disorders and substance abuse.
From the Paper
"The correlation between substance abuse and crime has been well-documented over the past 25 years and may be explained by Gottfredson?s and Hirschi?s general theory of crime. According to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender are separate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegal activities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous."
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Child Abuse and Depression in Latino Children, 2004.
This paper asks if there is a correlation between child abuse and childhood depression among Latino children.
16,891 words (approx. 67.6 pages), 85 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This thesis focus looks at the correlation between child abuse and childhood depression among Latino children, in terms of whether child abuse contributes to childhood depression. The thesis focuses on the Latino community that resides in California. This community is made up of first-generation immigrants and their families, who have been born in the United States. The thesis explores what child abuse is, how it can be measured, and also what depression is, the most likely causes for depression, and how depression can be measured. The factors that contribute to all of these conditions within the Latino community are also discussed in terms of what cultural factors are important in determining the levels of these conditions within the community, both internally (i.e., culturally) and externally (i.e., socio-politically). The links between abuse (intrafamilial and inter-racial) and depression are then explored, and conclusions are drawn regarding the factors that contribute to childhood depression in this racial group within the United States.
Introduction
Problem Statement
Significance
Purpose
Latino?s in the US: Characteristics and Diagnosed Mental Health Needs
Need for Mental Health Care
High-Need Populations
Availability of Mental Health Services
Access to Mental Health Services
Use of Mental Health Services
Appropriateness and Outcomes of Mental Health Services
Latino?s in Society: Welfare and Minority Families
Legislative and Legal Advocacy of Latino Families
The Formalization of Informal Latino Family Supports
Child Abuse
What is Abuse?
Incidence of Child Abuse
Diagnosing Abuse
The Dimension of the Problem
Prevalence Studies
Rate of Child Abuse Increase
Potential Long-Term Effects of Abuse
Depression
Scope of the Problem
Clinical Characteristics
Risk Factors
What is Depression?
Depression in Children
Treatments for Childhood Depression
Latino?s and Depression: How is Depression Expressed?
Levels of Depression in the Latino Community
Risk Factors that May Contribute to Clinical Depression
Implications in the Latino Community
Single Parents
Lack of Resources
Discussion
From the Paper
"The Latino community has it?s own deeply embedded cultural values and beliefs. Obedience is an important element for a family to be considered a good family (una buena familia). For the purpose of this study, the parents may be mother and father, or possible the grandparents, all of which will be addressed as the primary caregiver.
The Latino family defines discipline as a form of corporal punishment; the caretakers themselves may have been abused as children, and therefore consider corporal punishment an acceptable way to hand out discipline. Furthermore, it is difficult to get caretakers to see that when they discipline a child with corporal punishment, they are discharging their own anger on them, in many cases inflicting more pain and injury than was originally intended. The child then feels powerless and confused, and does not have labels for those feelings, and cannot verbalize what is happening to them, physically or emotionally."
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Elder Abuse, 2005.
This paper discuses elder abuse, which is considered one of the fastest growing areas of serious concern for the elderly.
3,590 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whether it is physical, sexual, emotional or psychological abuse or whether it is neglect, abandonment or financial exploitation, abuse results in harm to the older individual. The author points out that, as people live longer, they tend to become more and more dependent on others and may not have a good support system within the community . The paper relates that lifelong patterns of domestic violence are often reversed when the parent or the formerly dominating spouse becomes less powerful and is now the victim instead of the abuser. The author points out that research has discovered those aged persons with cognitive impairments, such as dementia and depression, are at greater risks for abuse. The paper stresses that taking legal action through social service agencies is necessary to prevent elder abuse.
From the Paper
"The Northamptonshire study revealed the prevalence of dementia among the older men and women who were abused. The ability of caregivers to cope varied with the severity of the dementia and whether or not the caregiver considered that he or she was caring as they had always done, caring for physical needs, or dealing with a mentally ill partner. For many the use of formal and informal services was minimal, sometimes through ignorance of available services, sometimes through choice where career and partner deliberately limited outside contacts. These are situations where abuse can easily occur."
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Depression, 2005.
Discusses the mental health problem of depression, including a look at how serious it is, the two categories of depression and its symptoms.
2,612 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the emotional state of depression, explaining that it is a major health problem worldwide. The paper looks at the number of people affected by depression, what can happen to people suffering from depression when they don't receive help, the two main types of depression recognized by the medical community, typical symptoms of depression and how depression can impact the lives of its victims. The paper also describes how depression can be distinguished from healthy forms of sadness or grief and then describes some of the approaches that have been taken in order to learn why depression manifests itself in certain people and not in others. Finally, the paper discusses what has been learned in terms of the forms and symptoms of depression, its risk factors and treatment methods.
From the Paper
"Fundamentally, depression is merely a form of mental disorder that disturbs an individual's "mood." Naturally, people tend to experience moods as positions on a spectrum of particular underlying emotions. Human moods "range from severe depression through mild depression, normal sadness, everyday moods, mild mania, and euphoria." Sadness, of course, is extremely common and relatively healthy as a part of ordinary human life; depression however--sometimes called major depression, or clinical depression--is deep, debilitating, despondency, which typically lasts for long periods of time. This type of mood, also, tends to significantly interfere with the individual's social, familial, or work-related life. In this way, clinical depression is distinct from the common meaning associated with the word "depression": people who are medically depressed cannot climb out of the pits of sadness quickly, and have difficulty functioning in their day to day lives."
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Women and Depression: Worldwide Epidemic, 2004.
An examination of the epidemiology of women's depression, with a contention that the depression women experience is caused by their devalued place within a patriarchal society.
3,204 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 31 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the historic association between women and depression and highlights society's proclivity to believe women are more susceptible to mental illness due to their hormones. It argues, however, that women are more likely than men to experience depression and mental illness due to their social and political stance within society; that is, women are more likely to be depressed because, in a patriarchal society, they have "more to be depressed about". It covers physical and sexual violence, gendered economics, family 'responsibilities' of women, and the gendered implications of female embodiment.
Outline
Women and Mental Illness: From Hysteria to Depression
The View from the Bottom Rung of the Gender Hierarchy
Physical and Sexual Violence
Cultural Implications of Female Embodiment on Economic (In)Dependence
Family Caring Responsibilities
Damned if They Do and Damned if They Don?t: the Feminine Gender Role
From the Paper
"The connection between women and mental illness is a long and, in many ways, inseparable one. Historically, in our cultural myths, it is women who are ?mad? or drive men to ?madness? ? spinsters, crones, and witches are all depicted as slightly mad, while the Furies and the oceanic Sirens are supposed harbingers of madness. Let us not forget either that it was the first woman, Eve, who brought both literal and symbolic madness, in the form of disharmony and evil, to ?man?kind. The extensive medical history between women and mental illness begins in recorded history, not surprisingly, as intricately bound up with that which defines them as ?other? ? their biology. Four thousand years ago the Egyptian ?Kahun Papyrus? associated female distress with the ?dislocation... of the uterus.? Fifteen hundred years later, Hippocrates described the female disease ?hysteron? caused by an organic imbalance of the womb, and thus the female ?hysteric? was born. By the seventeenth century C.E., dominant medical discourse had relocated the site of women?s mental illness from the womb to the brain, and hysteria became a disease of the mind."
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Tenuous Connections: Anxiety Disorders and Substance Abuse, 2008.
An examination of the relationship between anxiety disorders & substance abuse and whether substance abuse can be viewed as a product of anxiety disorders.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper questions whether there is any evidence that increased levels of anxiety result in a higher incidence of substance abuse. People who are very anxious may consume larger quantities of alcohol, smoke more heavily or resort to drugs as a way of self medication in treating an anxiety disorder. The paper relates that the higher the levels of self-reported anxiety,the more difficult it is to complete a treatment program, with the possibility that the person will return to the disorder of abuse on completing the program. The paper continues and discusses subtle affinities of anxiety disorders with that of substance abuse, by indicating that there are minor differences between the amount of abuse by alcoholics who have anxiety disorders, and those that do not. This indicates that anxiety disorders are an independent factor in the study of substance abuse.
From the Paper
"However, trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with negative substance abuse consequences, i.e., relapses even after treatment. Trait anxiety levels were also negatively correlated with the number of days an individual spent in treatment. In other words, the more anxiety problems that an individual experienced, the more likely it was that they would be substance abusers and the longer it would take for that individual to successfully complete the treatment program. Additionally, both state and trait anxiety levels were positively correlated with the level of addiction that the individual expressed, as measured and documented by the researchers (O'Leary et al., 2000). The implication of this finding is obvious: the higher the level of anxiety that an individual experience--in other words, the greater the possibility of an anxiety disorder--the more likely it would be for that individual to have a greater substance abuse problem."
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Mood Disorders and Depression, 2007.
This paper looks at numerous studies on mood disorders and depression.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper examines a study on why adverse life events result in depression only in some individuals, a study on whether genetics has any association with the onset of depression following stressful life events, and a study on the treatment of major depressive disorders. The paper also discusses studies on the topics of bipolar disorder and recovery time from adverse life events, the variables that affect depression, recurring depression and finally, circadian rhythms and their affect on the mental processes of human beings.
Outline:
Introduction
Life Events and Depression
Stressful Life Events and Major Depression
Treatment of Major Depressive Disorders
Bipolar Disorder and Depression
Variables of Depression
Recurring Depression
Alcohol and Anxiety
Circadian Rhythms
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The researchers studied individuals that had suffered from depression after a significant life event and those that had not. It was determined that the impact of adverse life events on people is dependent on two factors. First, that the event be associated with "adverse interpersonal events" rather than "adverse achievement events". Adverse interpersonal events are related to death of a close family member, while adverse achievement events as associated to accomplishments in life. The authors also found that cognitive personality characteristics were a significant factor in the individual's likelihood of developing depression because of the thought processes that altered the outlook of the individual."
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An Examination of Depression, 2006.
An analysis of depression and the impact it has on family members, friends and employers.
1,011 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at depression. According to the paper, depression not only impacts the person that is suffering, but also on family, friends and colleagues. The paper goes on to say that at its most severe levels, depression has been known to destroy the lives of family members as well as the life of the person suffering from this very debilitating and medically mysterious illness.
Outline:
Introduction
Medical Definition of Depression
Symptoms of Depression
Causes of Depression
Types of Depression
Treatment of Depression
From the Paper
"Currently, there are two forms of treatment for those who suffer from depression. First, psychotherapy which aims to "assist the depressed individual through supportive counseling which helps ease the pain of depression and addresses the feelings of hopelessness that accompany the disease." Part of this form of treatment includes cognitive therapy which "helps the depressed person recognize which life problems are critical and which are minor" while also helping to develop positive life goals and a more positive self-assessment. Another aspect is problem solving therapy which "changes the areas of a person's life that are creating significant stress" while also developing coping skills to assist in solving problems linked to relationships within one's family or at one's place of employment (2003, "Treatment for Depression," Internet)."
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Depression and Teen Violence, 2002.
This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to depression and teen violence.
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
While the causes and symptoms associated with depression and teen violence are well known, doctors and researchers have yet to develop and implement a clear, uniform, tried and proven method that would eliminate and/or prevent depression and teen violence. The paper relates that one of the primary reasons depression and teen violence is extremely difficult to eliminate and/or prevent is that while depression and teen violence are often intertwined, individuals who suffer from depression may not exhibit symptoms of depression or violent tendencies until it is too late, i.e., until an unexpected, violent school shooting occurs. This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues related to depression and teen violence. Part II outlines the causes and symptoms associated with depression. In Part III, the relationship between depression and teen violence is explored. Finally, this paper concludes with recommendations eliminating and/or reducing depression and teen violence.
From the Paper
"Teen violence takes many forms, including assaults with or without weapons, emotional and physical bullying, gang violence, physical fights, school shootings, suicide, and threatening remarks. While teen violence has always been a problem in the United States, the number of deaths and serious injuries increased dramatically during the late 1980?s and early 1990?s, as more and more teens began carrying guns, knives, and other weapons. However, in recent years, fewer teens are carrying weapons, teen murder arrests have dropped by almost 60%, and the arrest rate for violent crimes is down 36% from its peak in 1994. In order to fully understand the nature and extent of teen violence, it is crucial to examine facts and statistics regarding the issue."
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Substance Abuse Intervention, 2002.
Explores two models of intervention for substance abuse offenders.
2,061 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
Substance abuse can be looked at in two distinctly different ways. One of these is a medical model, examining the physical aspects of a person?s biological make-up that compel or make it relatively easy for him or her to become psychologically and sometimes physically dependent upon some substance to the extent that the person is unable to manage their lives without the drug. The paper shows that often substance abuse is the same as substance dependence or addiction, when a person has a compulsion to take a drug in order to experience its psychological (or physical) effects. Addiction is a severe form of dependence, existing when the drug has produced physiological changes in the body, as evidenced by the development of tolerance and of a withdrawal syndrome after the drug's effects have worn off.
The paper shows that while this is a very useful model, it is not the one that is generally referred to when people speak of substance abuse. What is generally being referred to by that term is the psychological and social costs incurred by individuals ? and inflicted on their intimates and acquaintances ? when they are unable to use certain legal drugs wisely and in moderation and/or when they use certain illegal drugs at all. This paper examines two models of intervention for substance abuse offenders after a brief general discussion of the issue of substance abuse. The models discussed are (1) a total institution program that regulates every aspect of substance abusers lives to provide them with a community and norms that do not include substance abuse and, (2) the broadcasting of anti-drug messages on the television and other forms of media.
From the Paper
"Other critics are also concerned that the anti-drug media messages aren't tough enough to reach kids who are already in trouble. In one study with four focus groups conducted early this year at various Department of Juvenile Justice facilities in Maryland, juvenile offenders were asked about the ads. Many said that they had seen the ads, but were not impressed by them, believing that the commercials were both overly dramatic and not true to life ? presenting an image of drug use that looked as if it had been cooked up by government officials trying to scare children rather than by people who knew the realities of substance abuse (Teinowitz, 1999, p. 29)."
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