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Delinquency Theories, 2004.
This paper looks at some theories of delinquency including social and developmental theories.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines theories of delinquency, including social and developmental theories. The paper includes social learning, social control, strain, latent traits and integrated developmental theories. The paper discusses key social agents.
From the Paper
"Social learning is based on the presumption that people learn how to behave from the groups they grow up with. Social learning, therefore, means that a child or youth who spends most of their time with others who engage in criminal behavior such as other kids who shoplift or perhaps older youths or adults who break into houses and steal things, would be more likely to shoplift and break into houses than the average child. Deviant behavior, just like conforming behavior, is a product of socialization."
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Theories of Delinquent Behavior, 2008.
An analysis of the delinquent behavior of a troubled teen using both the self-control theory and social control theory.
1,982 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study which illustrates how latent traits and environmental factors combine to create delinquent behavior. Specifically, the paper explores the family life of a troubled teen and the failed interventions which sought to rescue him from a life of crime. The paper also looks at the consequences of the young person's actions and considers how his behavior fits in with orthodox descriptions of delinquent behavior. Finally, the paper discusses and analyzes the social control theory and the self-control theory which offer potential explanations for his behavior and suggests that one of them appears to offer a more accurate insight into "Steven's" plight than the other.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Self-Control Theory and Delinquent Behavior
From the Paper
"Ultimately, this writer believes that both the social control theory and the self-control theory offer significant explanations for Steve's delinquency. However, the self-control theory actually appears rather more pertinent insofar as Steven was, by all accounts, a rebellious and even violent child from a very early age. As well, it is commonly known that his parents were dominant factors in his early life - because of social isolation, he spent far more time with them than with anyone else (he was, in fact, home-schooled at one point by his mother) - and both Steven's father and his grandfather had serious "run-ins" with the law. This evidence suggests that a genetic predisposition to antisocial behavior may run in the family and, to the extent this is true, then Steven's problems are the manifestation of a latent trait that has always been there and perhaps will always be there."
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Social Structure Theories vs. Social Process Theories, 2002.
Examining the difference in these two sociological theories with reference to juvenile delinquency.
1,045 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
Social Structure Theories and Social Processes Theories are often used interchangeably. This essay highlights the fundamental differences outlining social structure and social process theories. In order to compare these theories, the paper draws attention to the various theories of juvenile delinquency and the difference of perspective involved and the obtrusive causes outlined by the distinct theories for engagement in criminal acts at a young age. Two different theories are presented attempting to explain juvenile delinquency, presenting various facets of adolescent criminal behavior and the possible causes of such behavior.
From the Paper
"One of the major challenges faced by the law-making authorities of the United States today is the reduction of juvenile delinquency and to increase the effectiveness of lawful regulations in the country. The alarming augmentation in crime rate at adolescent echelon is the most worrisome problem facing America therefore researchers and experts of the related field have developed various theories regarding juvenile delinquency outlining motivations and reasons behind the existence and the frequency of crime at juvenile stage. In order to well-comprehend the perspective of various philosophies related to juvenile delinquency, it is highly essential to know what juvenile delinquency is about."
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Social Problems and Juvenile Delinquency, 2005.
A discussion of the social problems associated with juvenile delinquency.
5,487 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
The social causes of juvenile delinquency encompass a wide array of theories that have been set forth by criminologists and sociologists. This paper analyzes and discusses the history, trends, statistics and consequences of juvenile delinquency. It discusses the function of conflict theory, rational theory and symbolic interaction in relation to juvenile delinquency and offer a solution as to the best workable theory.
Introduction
History of Juvenile Delinquency
Statistical Trends
Consequences of Juvenile Delinquency
Theories of Juvenile Delinquency
Conflict Theory
Rational Choice Theory
Symbolic Interaction Theory
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue in the United States. Questions and solutions regarding the problem of juvenile delinquency continues to be debated upon by parents, school officials, society, and legislators. The public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by our youth who, according to media reports, prey upon a defenseless public. This image of delinquent youth has brought with it a fear of crime among the public that is almost without precedent. Several of our political leaders have responded with calls for harsher treatment of youthful offenders and or an end to revolving door justice. Others have said that the harsh responses proposed are dehumanizing and do not address the sources of the problem from a sociological viewpoint."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2005.
This paper discusses some theories surrounding delinquency among juveniles.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of myriad concepts of juvenile delinquency including differential association and social learning theories. The author points out the implications of these theories and how these critical approaches are applied to various acts of delinquency. The paper looks at specific offenses, such as shoplifting and drug use.
From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is a growing problem in the Western, industrialized world. But while everyone admits that delinquency is a problem and one that should be dealt with lest the legions of offending youth swell, there is less agreement on what must be done or even what the underlying causes of delinquency might be. The purpose of this study is to examine some of myriad concepts of delinquency, the implications of those theories, and how those critical approaches are applied to various acts of delinquency. It is hoped that through this examination, a better understanding of the complexity of delinquency will be reached. Delinquency among juveniles is not a problem with a single, or easy, cause. The factors contributing to delinquency are numerous and must be understood as such if any headway is to be made against this growing social problem."
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Social Structure Theories, 2002.
A paper which examines how social structure theories are applied to delinquent behavior in society.
1,415 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how social structure theories attempt to analyze the driving forces that change society and that sociologists who study social change use the study of both criminology and sociology to draw conclusions about criminal behavior. The paper further explains that the three main branches of social structure theories are the social disorganization theory, the social strain theory and the cultural deviance theory. In this paper, the major social structural theories are defined and analyzed. The culmination of this paper addresses the question - How well have social structure theories explained delinquent behavior in society?
From the Paper
"The strain theories express the discontent of Americans who fail to achieve the American dream. Crimes committed by white collar, middle class workers can be explained by the strain theories. An example of this is workplace violence, which, according to a Bureau of Justice Statistics Crime Characteristics accounts for 18 percent of all violent crime between 1993 and 1999 . Unfortunately, it is not unheard of for a worker who was recently fired to return to his old employer to vent his anger by opening fire on anyone in site. Such violence demonstrates how competition to succeed prompts crime as the anomie theory contends."
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Gang Theory, 1989.
Describes social theories explaining gang formation & membership. Examines social deviance, social disorganization, control & strain models and delinquency theory.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Who joins the gang? On the surface this question seems to have a clear answer. However, answers often pertain to individual characteristics due to the individual nature of the question. Most people assume that potential gang members are plain hoodlums, or people who desire and even accept criminal activity as a way of life. For this reason calculated solutions to the gang problem frequently revolve around methods of dealing with the individual such as counselors or the youth authority and even prison. But as time has told these are ineffective. Recent media attention of gang activity illustrates this failure. Consequently the need for a different approach emerges. One of the initial steps in the process of understanding all of the dynamics of the gang problem lies in recognizing the gang issue as a social one. At this point (...)"
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Learning Disabilities and Juvenile Delinquency, 2005.
This paper discusses the theories of Lev Vygotsky, Albert Bandura and B.F. Skinner to evaluate the potential link between learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that children with learning disabilities can easily become alienated from their families, schools and legal authorities. Alienated disabled children are more likely to associate with other alienated children, encouraging each other to commit acts of hostility and delinquency. The author points out that the social learning theory, which states that aggression is not inherited but rather learned through a process called behavior modeling, is the behavior theory most relevant to criminology. The paper concludes that there is no conclusive relationship between learning disabilities and delinquency; however, more research is needed to show that early signs of violence in children can be linked to their environment and a violence-prone history of hyperactive behavior.
Table of Contents
Learning Disability and Juvenile Delinquency
Specific Disabilities
Identifiable Traits
Vygotsky's Social Interaction
Zone of Proximal Development
Self-Regulation
Bandura's Observational Learning
B. F. Skinner's Approach To Learning
The Black Box Metaphor
Reinforcement and Repetition
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Finally, using Skinner's Methods, a student needs opportunities available from his parents and teachers that will give him something to do, something to learn and feel the self-confidence, as he interact with various peers. The student in a conducive environment, receiving encouragement and attention, will take on this learning responsibility and find areas of interest that will mold him for life (Skinner 1969). Students with learning disabilities have more difficulty than others in grasping concepts and communicating information in class. To be effective and ensure learning is taking place, teachers should modify their instruction to meet the various learning styles and abilities of each student with learning disabilities."
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Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs, 2008.
An examination of juvenile delinquency prevention programs and their potential for success.
2,071 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews three levels of juvenile delinquency prevention: the primary level of creating safe environments, the secondary level of addressing those at risk and the tertiary level of bringing youths back from the brink after they have become involved in the juvenile justice system. The paper outlines the available programs at all three levels of prevention and their possible potential for success. The paper also explains the primary causes of juvenile delinquency and possible solutions.
Outline:
Abstract
Part 1 - Delinquency Prevention Theory
Part 2 - Delinquency Prevention Programs
From the Paper
"The comprehensive approach to preventing, correcting and resolving juvenile delinquency is divided into three levels to more specifically address the complex nature of the problem. Each level corresponds to the escalating level of youth's risk of or actual involvement in illegal activities. These increasing levels of intervention are designed to address particular risks factors for the juveniles, with the ultimate goal of keeping the youth out of the criminal justice system.
"The primary prevention level addresses the root causes, conditions and environmental factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency before the youth is part of the problem. The much agreed upon approach is to assist the youth before they are involved in illegal activity. These early intervention programs can range from those that directly address the individual to information programs designed to reach the general public at large. Programs designed to meet the needs of the individual are often school based educational programs, but also can be after-school safe harbor programs. The programs fall into the categories of either educational, recreational or community involvement. The educational programs are designed to provide information for both the youths in the community and the parents. Recreational activities are designed to occupy the hours after school where many youths are unsupervised. The Department of Education reports that youths are most likely to become involved in crime between the hours of 2 pm to 8 pm, with the peak rate at 3 pm ("Juvenile Delinquency Prevention," n.d.). These recreational activities have the additional benefit of creating positive friendships that can be of assistance in later years. The programs may include sports, music, drama, karate, and other such group activities. Community involvement programs include such groups as Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, church youth groups and other youth volunteer groups. These types of group programs provide a much needed connection for some youths that may feel isolated, and creates ties with the community that also prevents involvement in illegal activity."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2002.
An examination of two studies on why juveniles commit crimes.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the delinquency theories put forward by Vera Lopez and T. Emmer in their article "Adolescent Male Offenders: A Grounded Theory Study of Cognition, Emotion, and Delinquent Crime" and K. Heilbrun, W. Brock, D. Waite and A. Lanier's "Risk Factors for Juvenile Criminal Recidivism: The Post-Release Community Adjustment of Juvenile Ofenders." It looks at how Lopez and Emmer through their study conclude that the context in which a juvenile commits a crime is often determinative of what type of crime the juvenile will commit
while Heilbrun, Brock, Waite and Lanier attempt to identify factors that could indicate the likelihood of a juvenile's recidivism after his release from a juvenile correctional agency.
From the Paper
"While Lopez and Emmer considered the reasons for juvenile offending, Heilbrun, Brock, Waite and Lanier attempted to identify factors that could indicate the likelihood of a juvenile's recidivism after his release from a juvenile correctional agency (2000, p. 275). Heilbrun et. al. point out that juvenile correctional agencies have a responsibility to develop and deliver risk-reducing interventions to high-risk juvenile offenders. And to fulfill this responsibility, many correctional agencies incorporate validated risk assessment measure. Thus, by linking risk assessment to risk-reduction intervention planning, juvenile agencies can more accurately determine who should receive intensive parole services, the level of supervision needed, and the most effective use of staff (Heilbrun et al., 2000)."
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Juvenile Delinquency, 2005.
This paper is in two parts: A discussion of the prevention of juvenile delinquency and a. specific proposal for how to address the rising concern of juvenile delinquency among girls.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that juvenile delinquency, which is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers, can lead to lawbreaking, which often can lead to adult lives as career criminals. The author stresses that it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. The paper uses statistics and general facts to support its conclusions.
From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is fast becoming one of the largest problems facing urban centers where concentrations of impoverished youth from broken home situations are commonplace. Many of these young people - predominantly the boys - turn to delinquency and lawbreaking that can oft times lead to adult lives as career criminals. Consequently, it is important to understand some of the major risk factors causing juvenile delinquency and then develop potential institutional remedies. Theories for the causes of juvenile delinquency range from the commonsensical to the ridiculous. Somewhere in the middle are the statistically demonstrated factors that are indicators of whether or not a juvenile will turn to crime. Many types of crimes are associated primarily with the young and are considered "coming of age" crimes. These include drug experimentation, petty theft, and vandalism."
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Juvenile Delinquency on US American Indian Reservations, 2007.
This paper discusses the high rates of juvenile delinquency by American Indian youth living on reservations.
2,290 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how many programs and government agencies have attempted to address this dilemma of juvenile delinquency. The paper relates that on United States Indian reservations, the current approach to juvenile delinquency includes prevention, intervention and graduated sanctions. The paper offers reasons for the prevalence of this juvenile delinquency and reveals that although the crimes involving delinquent acts by juveniles on American Indian reservations are increasing, the causes are similar to the causes of delinquency of the general population.
Outline:
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency
Reasons for the Prevalence of Juvenile Delinquency on Reservations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue on United States American Indian reservations; the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by American Indian youth living on reservations. According to the Bureau of Prisons, the number of Indian youth in custody has increased by nearly 300% since 1994 (Johnson, 2004). Additionally, statistical data indicates that the arrest rate for Native American youth is about twice that of the overall youth population statewide in North Dakota (Martin, 2002)."
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Control Theories, 2004.
An analysis of control theories as a method of crime prevention.
1,134 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
There are numerous theorists from the criminal justice arena who tend to blame crime and delinquency on biological, psychological, or sociological factors. Control theories take another approach. They assume that all people would commit crime if left to their own devices. In general, the control theories helps society understand that there are ways to prevent crime. This paper explains the theories and presents some of the writer's own opinions.
From the Paper
"In 1951, Albert J. Reiss published an article that examined the number of factors related to control perspective. His work was a product of an experiment whose intent was to prove whether control factors can be used to predict prohibition revocation among juvenile offenders. Reiss analyzed court records of 1,110 white male juvenile probationers between the ages of 11 and 17. He found that prohibition revocation was more likely when the juvenile was psychiatrically diagnosed as having an ego or superego controls and when the "psychiatrics recommended either intensive psychotherapy in the community or treatment in closed institutions" (Vold 178). Reiss argued that such assessments were based on the juveniles' personal controls, which is the ability to refrain from meeting needs from ways that conflicted with the norms and views of the community. Furthermore, he managed to find that probation revocation was more likely when juveniles did not regularly attend school, and they were described as behavior problems by school authorities. Consequently, Reiss agued that these were a messure of acceptance or submission of the juveniles control, namely the controls of socially approved institutions."
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Adolescent Delinquency, 2002.
Analyzes two articles on juvenile delinquency: "Is Child Maltreatment a Leading Cause of Delinquency?" by I. M. Schwartz, J.A Rendon, and C.M. Hsieh and "Drug Use and Violent Crime Among Adolescents" by M.P Dawkins.
1,456 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the article "Is Child Maltreatment a Leading Cause of Delinquency?" (I. M. Schwartz, J.A Rendon, and C.M. Hsieh) which appeared in the September 1994 edition of "Child Welfare". The paper shows that the purpose of this article is to connect the methods, discipline and theories of social work with adolescents to the wider field of the influence of government policy on crime. The paper then discusses M.P Dawkins 1997 article, "Drug Use and Violent Crime Among Adolescents" in which the author reports conducting research at a juvenile detention facility.
From the Paper
"What makes this article potentially useful to social-work or psychotherapy practitioners is that its findings are somewhat out of line with the popular view that illicit drugs constitute the main catalyst for youth crime. Dawkins reports that alcohol, which is a controlled but otherwise legal substance, and marijuana, which though an illicit substance is not usually considered a hard drug, are more prominent in the background of a good deal of youth violence and nonviolent offenses. Dawkins develops the idea that youths? use of these two substances also cuts across socioeconomic and ethnic lines, though not necessarily an existing criminal record, as more important predictors of future youthful criminal behavior."
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"Boyz in the Hood", 2008.
An analaysis of the social and delinquency theories that can be used to explain the actions of the main characters in John Singleton's film, "Boyz in the Hood."
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper describes John Singleton's film, "Boyz in the Hood" as one of the most disturbing American films of the last quarter-century. It discusses the plot of the film and the loose sexual mores and gang life of the neighborhood portrayed in the film. The paper then analyzes several social and delinquency theories that can be advanced to explain the actions of the main characters in the film.
From the Paper
"In the end, there is little question that several delinquency and/or social theories can explain why the 'hood is such an awful place for its inhabitants - and such a hard place from which to escape. In this writer's view, the social strain theory precipitates the other two theories insofar as a lack of opportunity and the desperate struggle to survive in harsh conditions inevitably compels people to do whatever they have to do to survive. At the same time, Singleton places a lot of emphasis upon fathers and suggests that Tre learned to stay out of trouble because of his father's stern guidance. In the end, it is hard to conclude that any one of the theories is the sole reason for neighborhoods like those found in South LA; after a careful review, all three have complementary dimensions as well as over-lapping ones. In any event, the film is a troubling look at what can happen when communities collapse as a result of social pathologies."
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