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U.S. Defense Spending, 2004.
This paper discusses that there is no legitimate reason for the United States to increase its defense spending.
1,560 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that America's current military spending is exceptionally high and has the country in a downward spiral towards financial disaster. The author points out that the funds are not coming from the wealthy supporters of Bush's administration, but, instead, they are already coming from cuts to much-needed public programs. The paper concludes that the U.S. government should be focusing its attention on peaceful alternatives to military action because the people of the world want peace.
From the Paper
"What benefit has come from the redirection of fund from the American working class to our military? Our government claims that we have liberated Iraq and that we are currently providing them with invaluable assistance. Unfortunately, this does not seem to be the case. "Iraq has been reduced to a state of intolerable chaos." Electricity is only available to some areas for a couple of hours each day, which is far less than was available before the war, which is affecting the ability of hospitals to treat the ill. There is also a lack of clean and safe drinking water, which combined with lack of refrigeration and air conditioning as well as limited vital supplies is leading to soaring death rates. Iraq remains largely unemployed.
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Defense Spending Increases, 2007.
This paper examines and reviews increases in American defense spending.
3,805 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the recent increases of the national defense budget. The author argues this was plotted by US President George Bush and the US Congress in order to increase economic growth for future generations of American citizens. The writer further argues that these increases are the type of funding that feed capitalism in a negative way by promoting war and war industries. The author concludes that the current spending trends do not consider the average citizen.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Global Military Spending By Country
Background
Importance of the Research
Methodology
U.S. National Defense Spending Facts & Figures
Figure 2 Discretionary Defense Budget
Afghanistan and Iraq Missions and Impact on Defense
-Spending Increases
National Defense Spending Insanity Evidenced in Thoughtless Waste
Analysis of 'Who' is it that Profits from Increased Defense Spending
Counter Argument
Figure 3
Findings of the Study
Discussion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"According to the report entitled: "Recent Trends in World Spending: U.S. Military Spending Compared to World Spending" the United States military spending "...currently makes up 47% of the world military spending. The U.S. budget is also more than 8 times larger than the Chinese budget, the second largest spender." (Recent Trends in World Spending, 2006) In fact the rate of spending by the US military on a global basis rose 11% but if the costs of U.S. operations in Iraq and Afghanistan is subtracted from these figures the global military spending would have totaled a rise of only 4% in the year 2003 instead of the actual 11% rise stated. (Ibid) Additionally stated in the report is the fact that: "Among the four major spenders next to the USA- China, Russia, Japan, and, France. Only China has made any significant increase in its military spending since 1998 (an annual average rate of 10-12 %). Military spending in the other countries also increased but only moderately." (Ibid) The following table labeled Figure 1 shows the "Global Military Spending" by the countries of the United States, China, Russian, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, Germany, Saudi Arabia, India and South Korea during 2002."
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A Cutback in Defense Spending, 2006.
An analysis of the financial implications of the cutback in defense spending on global defense companies.
5,642 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 136.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at global defense companies and the adaptations they have been forced to make over the years, in order to survive. According to the paper, defense spending has resulted in increased production of goods and services needed to satisfy the increased demand, a process that contributes to higher income and employment in the economy. The paper discusses how cutbacks influence the general economy.
Outline:
Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: What are the Research and Development (R&D) Options for Companies such as NGC?
Chapter Three: What Options will be Most Beneficial to the Employees and the General Public of the U.S.?
Chapter Four: Can the U.S. Remain a Superpower and Protect Its People from Terrorism while Reducing Its Military?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In spite of these changes in the nature of the threats being arrayed against the U.S. at home and its interests and allies abroad and despite President Bush's articulation of specific campaign promises to "skip a generation" in weapons procurement, all three of the Pentagon's advanced fighter plane programs continued to receive funding; in fact, in 2002 alone, almost $12 billion was allocated to the Air Force's F-22 Raptor, the Joint Strike Fighter/F-35, and the Navy's F-18E/F fighter plane (Ciarroco, 2002). According to Ciarroco, "The F-22 has been described as a costly cold war relic designed for an enemy that no longer exists. The Super Hornet, as the F-18E/F is known, has not been able to meet key performance goals that were used to justify its development" (2002, p. 2). The JSF (also known as the F-35) was considered one of the more likely programs to be cut or scaled back; within weeks of September 11, 2001, though, Lockheed Martin was awarded a $19 billion development contract, and international partners formally joined (Ciarroco, 2002). "
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The Major Defense Spending Policy, 2002.
An overview of the Major Defense Spending policy considered by the U.S. government.
3,650 words (approx. 14.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the Major Defense Spending policy considered by the 106th Congress of the US Government and the outcomes in terms of congressional votes, resolutions, and laws on that policy issue.
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Keynesian Theory and Five U.S. Economic Situations, 2004.
This paper discusses responses, based on Keynesian theory, to five proposed hypothetical fluctuations in the U.S. economy.
1,570 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that basic Keynesian theory states that, "in a normal economy," there is a high level of employment, and everyone is spending salaries as usual, which means there is a circular flow of money in the economy. The author points out that, according to Keynes, if stock market prices rose sharply, this would be an indication that the economy was looking up and that consumers were willing to spend more. The paper responds that, if Congress passes an increase in income tax rates to take effect next year, according to Keynes, the effects of this measure should be salutary, if the increased funds are accrued by the federal government and utilized properly to create jobs by expanding the government programs of public works.
Table of Contents
Overview of Keynesian Theory and the Current U.S Economic Situation
Hypothetical Occurrence 1#: The stock market prices rise sharply.
Hypothetical Occurrence 2#: The Conference Board's Index of Consumer Confidence falls for the fifth straight month.
Hypothetical Occurrence 3#: The rate of capacity utilization rises.
Hypothetical Occurrence 4#: The government institutes a 10% investment tax credit retroactive to the start of the year.
Hypothetical Occurrence 5#: Congress passes an increase in income tax rates to take effect next year.
From the Paper
"Keynes stated that "in a normal economy," there is a high level of employment, and everyone is spending salaries as usual. This means there is a circular flow of money in the economy. Individual spending becomes part of total earnings. Total earnings become part of the total spending, generating profits. When something happens to shake consumer confidence in the economy, consumers begin to save their money. Because consumer spending is part of other consumer's earnings, consumer's decisions to hoard money cause retailers to spend less and to lay off employees. Responding to these difficult times, "other consumers resort to hoarding money as well." "
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U.S. Airways, 2004.
The paper discusses the recent bankruptcy filing by U.S .Airways.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the recent bankruptcy filing by U.S. Airways has led to cost cutting, which includes reducing company contributions to employee retirement plans. The author points out that this action, which is not unique to this airline, threatens the future financial security of employees. The paper relates that more and more companies are reducing employee retirement spending, forcing employees to assume more responsibility for their financial future.
From the Paper
" A recent U.S. Airways decision to cut company contributions to employee retirement plans in order to save costs may be an indication of what employees have to look forward to in industries across the board. In the case of the troubled airline, which recently filed for its second bankruptcy in two years, reducing ... million in retirement payments for mechanics and flight attendants, is part of a last-gasp effort to avoid liquidation and give the company ..."
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The U.S. Drug Policy, 2007.
This paper argues that the War on Drugs and the U.S. drug policy is failing.
2,810 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the War on Drugs, which began in the late 19th and early 20th century, despite the massive amount of money and time poured into the issue of drug control and criminalization, is ineffective. The author argues that the War on Drugs strategy actually has helped the drug problem become an underground and criminal black market with no protection for the consumers. The paper suggests the ever increasing costs of the War on Drugs could be better used for social programs that help low-income groups plagued by drug abuse and for educational programs that teach the real problems of drugs and the damaging complications they cause society.
Table of Contents:
War on Drugs: Where has it failed?
Narcotics Prohibition: The First National Prohibition Alcohol Prohibition
Table : Arrests for Alcohol, Violent, and Drug Offenses as Percentage of All Arrests in the U.S.
Marijuana Prohibition
The Modern War on Drugs
Effects of the War on Drugs and Inefficiency Spending
Table: Average Sentence Length in Months
Solutions for the Reform of the US Drug Policy
From the Paper
"The 18th amendment to the US Constitution along with the Volstead Act of 1920 prohibited alcohol selling, manufacturing, and transporting. However consumption and possession of alcohol were never made illegal. By 1916 alcohol was banned in about 26 of the 48 states. Then with the new amendment alcohol consumption dropped but within the year consumption was on the rise again through the typical black market that is a continual side effect of any drug's prohibition. It was extrapolated that only within one year after the end of prohibition alcohol consumption would have been above pre-prohibition levels, but with the 21st amendment which repeals the 18th amendment prohibition came to an end."
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Impact of U.S. Policies on the Nation's Economy, 2002.
A discussion on the effects of U.S. anti-terrorism campaigns on the economy of the United States.
740 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The following paper looks at the result of spending billions on security measures in the U.S.A. to combat terrorism. It discusses the ways in which the expenses of security measures affect the GDP and it assesses whether U.S. anti-terrorism policies impact significantly on the nation's economy.
From the Paper
"Bush may be faced with a puzzle. He may be tempted to imitate Reagan's "military Keynesianism", by trying to make use of "state funds" to get America out of recession. He has declared that "$75 billion" would be diverted towards the economy of the nation. But "military Keynesianism" might just provoke huge inflation that could lead to a crash later on. This might result in job losses and a decrease in trade and the working class will have to bear the consequences, as usual. (2) Though the American people may not be expected to be "bold" enough, the American government is prepared to spend its finds on the fight against terrorism as well as the economic fight they have been pushed into."
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Helping U.S. Highschoolers, 2005.
Uses the article "Let Teenagers Try Adulthood" by Leon Botstein to show how teen school goers can be assisted.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
The ages between 14 and 18 years old are probably the most difficult for adolescents because they are experiencing several physical and psychological changes. During this period, education plays a very important role since most teenagers spend most of their time at high schools. Using the article, "Let Teenagers Try Adulthood" by Leon Botstein, this paper shows that high schools in the U.S. are no longer useful because students are focusing on the wrong things such as popularity, sports and appearance. This paper argues that students are not the only ones who are making high schools a waste of time; the people who develop part of the educational system are also responsible because they do not interact with teenagers.
From the Paper
"Teenagers could learn so many things from adults at high school. For example, they could learn about different professions and jobs, or maybe about responsibilities and difficulties of the adult life; however, it seems that teachers in the United States have neither the time nor the desire to interact or exchange words and experiences with their pupils. If there would be at least a little interaction between students and teachers, adolescents would see life from a more responsible and mature point of view."
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U.S. Defense Budgeting, 2008.
This paper describes the U.S. defense budgeting process and argues that it is complex and cluttered.
2,630 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the strengths of the U.S. defense budgeting process are that it has many avenues for access and accountability by interested parties, ensuring that the overall military effort is essentially transparent and responsible to society. The author points out that the process allows for much waste and influence, which adds cost rather than value; thereby, the process fails to promote efficiency. The paper relates that the system is not likely to be changed radically soon because the entrenched interests can continue to win favored positions and reforming the system takes great momentum and uncommon nerve. Sources listed are in the form of endnotes.
Table of Contents:
Budgeting Concepts
Budgeting Participants
Budgeting Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One of the main ways that government decides on what to spend each year is through baseline budgeting. It takes what was spent in the previous year as the jumping off point and begins its deliberations on what to spend in the upcoming years based upon that. By using this method, the government can operate according to expectations that have some recent history to support claims that more money is needed or less can be done with. It looks at how things went in the past year and decides where to beef up spending and where to cut."
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U.S. Defense Industry, 1993.
Examines the finances and structure of the U.S. defense industry, discussing primarily work done by Stiglitz in the mid 1980's.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Market Situation
The U.S. defense industry is characterized by a few buyers made up of mostly the U.S. and some foreign governments. Only a few large prime contractors such as Lockheed and General Dynamics and numerous smaller subcontractors make up this industry (Stiglitz, pp. 261-263). This makes for a highly concentrated industry in which free market competitive forces are lacking. In addition, technology is a crucial factor that leads to a greater degree of monopoly power for a given firm with a given technology. Furthermore, because the nature of the demand is for national defense, it tends to be relatively inelastic. Americans have historically been willing to spend whatever is necessary in order to protect this country from foreign adversaries, preferring to ..."
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The U.S. and the U.N. Rights of the Child Convention, 2002.
This paper discusses why the U.S. hasn't signed the treaty on the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child.
5,060 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination, written from a legal standpoint, of the treaty on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children. The paper concludes the U. S. is willing to intervene in other international problems, such as oil; and therefore, it should make a public statement to protect the world's most precious commodity, children, by supporting the treaty.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What Is It
What It Protects
What about the Legal Standpoint
Why Is Treaty Needed
Why Won't the U.S. Sign?
Reasons for Signing the Treaty
From the Paper
"While there are many political reasons that the US may refuse to sign the treaty, one of the chief causes for concern might be the establishment of an International Criminal Court. Many UN delegates support the idea of an International Criminal Court but the United States has been steadfast in its refusal to agree. An international criminal court might begin the slippery slope of descent to the power of individual nations when it comes to many issues including the treaty.If the international criminal court gains favor and power in the future it is feasible that the court could be used to enforce the treaty."
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Multiculturalism in the U.S. and U.K., 2005.
This paper presents an analysis regarding the doctrine of multiculturalism.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the doctrine of multiculturalism. The writer offers an analysis of why such a doctrine is problematic. In order to examine the issue of multiculturalism, the writer uses examples from the public education systems in the U.S. and Great Britain to show the difficulties in treating all cultures as equal.
From the Paper
"Multiculturalism is defined by the Ayn Rand institute as the view that all cultures are equal. While this doctrine is often adopted in spirit if not in principle in the U.S. and Great Britain, multiculturalism is problematic as a term. For if all cultures are equal we cannot say that there is one superior way of being, one superior set of values or one superior method of educating individuals. However societies like America and Great Britain often adopt such methods values ... "
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Military Spending, 2002.
A discussion on the pros and cons of increased military spending in the United States.
1,831 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of increased military spending by the U.S. government, since the September 11 attacks. With the constant threat of terrorism and imminent war on the horizon, the United States government is spending billions of dollars on drastic measures to fight a large-scale war as well as to continue to combat terrorism. The paper includes a review of the opinions for and against this increase in spending.
Contents:
Introduction
Efficiency in Increased Military Spending
Equality in Increased Military Spending
Liberty and Increased Military Spending
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In today's society, military spending is on the minds of American citizens more than ever. With the constant threat of terrorism and imminent war on the horizon, the United States government is spending billions of dollars on drastic measures to fight a large-scale war as well as to continue to combat terrorism. Critics against increased military spending argue that the funds set aside for such defense measures could be better utilized in other areas that directly affect Americans, including education, healthcare, and economic stimulus packages. However, supporters of increased military defense spending argue that such expenses are critical for the United States to reassure Americans in their fears concerning terrorism and other threats against the homeland."
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Compulsive Spending Disorder, 2007.
This paper discusses compulsive spending disorder as part of bi-polar disorder, an addiction and a distraction.
3,765 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 103.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that compulsive spenders have the compulsion and drive to spend, unique feelings about shopping, a tendency to spend, experienced dysfunctional spending and post-purchase guilt. The author points out that, when the comparison shopper feels 'the thrill of the hunt and the glory in the kill' of finding a lower price for something that has high value to others, there is a danger that a compulsive bargain hunter can become addicted to this activity. The paper concludes that, although compulsive spending is beginning to be accepted as a defined psychological illness, there is little help for the person with this behavior other than a strong desire to seek counseling or self-treatment.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Who Is the Compulsive Spender?
Profile
Age
Personality
Gender
Compulsive Spending Behavior as Part of Pathological Illness
Bipolar Disorder
How Bipolar Disorder Affects Lives
Treatment
Compulsive Spending Behavior as an Addiction
The Effect of Addiction
Shopping and Window Shopping as a Distraction
Effects of Addiction
The Act of Shopping
The Owning of Objects
Bargain Hunting
Binge Shopping
Codependent Spending
Bulimic Spending
Compulsive Spending As a Symptom
The Financial Aspect of Compulsive Spending
Financial Recognition of Compulsive Spending
Types and Treatments
Denial as an Aspect of Addiction
Treatments for Compulsive Spending Behavior
Professional Counseling
Self-Help
Discipline
From the Paper
"When a person is insecure about their self-image, they may seek to enhance or extend their self-image in their own and others' eyes. In so doing, they overspend. The compulsive spender then feels guilt and shame over spending too much and finding him or herself in debt. As a result, he or she may become secretive about the problem. In order to overcome the negative, inadequate feelings created by the addiction, he or she indulges again, lying to cover up how much was spent, throwing away price tags and receipts, doing financial juggling with checkbooks and savings, borrowing from other people and borrowing from one line of credit to pay another, "maxing out" their credit cards and doing anything to get money to cover up their addiction. "
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