| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DEBT SITUATION AFRICA": |
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Debt in Africa, 2005.
A discussion on solving debt problems in Africa.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the significance of debt with reference to three African countries namely, Angola, Benin and Liberia. It suggests possible ways in which these countries can solve their debt problems, including restructuring of debts.
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Debt Situation in Africa, 2001.
Magnitude of problem. IMF & World Bank. Country problems focusing on Ivory Coast. Influence of African debt on international politics. Need to resolve debt crisis.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Technological innovation and changes in economic systems throughout the world have resulted in debt becoming a staple of economic life at nearly every level of the world's economies. Individual debt in the United States, for example, has reached levels which cause concern among some analysts. Companies regularly weigh the advantages of financing through debt or equity issues. Entire countries take on debt to finance infrastructure growth, or merely to meet more fundamental obligations. Whether experienced at the macroeconomic level or microeconomic level, debt can carry with it considerable problems. Any borrower, whether an individual, company or nation, must repay not only the principal (the amount borrowed), but also the interest that accrues. In some debt situations, the borrower is able to repay .."
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Public Debt vs. Federal Debt, 2002.
A comparison of what public debt is vs. what federal debt is, and how it affects the economy.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the government is just as effected at the economic crisis at the public and how both sections of the economy have been thrown into debt. The paper examines the differences between these two types of debts and discusses ways that the government can change policies and introduce reforms in order to end this cycle.
From the Paper
"The gross Federal debt is divided into two categories: debt held by the public, and debt the government owes itself. The first category, public debt, is the total of all federal deficits, minus surpluses, over the years. This is the money that the Federal Government has borrowed from the public, such as notes and bonds of varying sizes and time periods. This debt is held by individuals, corporations, state or local governments, foreign governments, and other entities outside of the US government. This does not include Federal Financing Bank securities. (A side note here: the Federal Financing Bank was established to ?consolidate and reduce the governments cost of financing a variety of federal agencies and other borrowers whose obligations are guaranteed by the Federal Government?.) (Public Debt Online) "
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Domestic Implications of Debt Relief, 2006.
A comprehensive analysis of the impact of debt relief on domestic social, political and economic conditions.
10,206 words (approx. 40.8 pages), 54 sources, MLA, $ 205.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the impact of debt relief on domestic social, political and economic situations. According to this paper, the external debt situation for a number of low-income countries has become extremely difficult in recent years, prompting the IMF and the World Bank to design a framework to provide special assistance to the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC).
Contents:
Introduction
Challenges and Future Policies
Diagnosis and Reflections on Poverty Reduction Policies
Poverty and Recession in Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa Deprived of Its Inheritance
The Urban Dynamics: Cities Suffer Most
Policy Design Post Evaluation
Conclusions
From the Paper
"As for the implementation of the strategies, the principle of participation from different members of society opens up new prospects that will have an impact on the way national affairs are led. By favouring respect for the right to information and expression, participation fulfils one objective in that it deals with one of the key factors of poverty, namely exclusion and marginalisation. But the potential impact of this precept goes way beyond this aspect. Participation will only take on its full meaning if it really helps solve the problem of the lack of democracy in poor countries. It should give extra capabilities and power to intermediate bodies (the media, trade unions, associations, etc.) in drawing up, monitoring, controlling, assessing and redirecting the policies. Information is of course of utmost importance in this respect, and its formative nature must be underlined. It makes public choices explicit and increases transparency in the management of state affairs, whilst offering the different players in society the possibility of exerting pressure, or even taking sanctions in the case of failure. In short, making the state accountable for its actions before its citizens is at stake."
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Exploring Methods of Assessing State Debt Affordability, 2005.
A discussion of the problem and significance of state debt affordability, an analysis of the leading methods to measuring and controlling debt affordability at the state level, and recommendations to state debt managers.
4,861 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
A state government's ability to balance the competing objectives of affordability, flexibility and capital demands can be challenging. One of the important objectives of a debt policy is to define the measures of debt affordability. This paper analyzes the prevailing literature on state debt affordability. It investigates the methods of debt affordability assessment that state governments currently practice and finds that states typically have an informal approach to addressing key policy elements regarding state debt and state debt managers often have no clear standard for measuring affordability. The writer presents two methods for addressing the problem of affordability: A generational model that attempts to determine how much debt is being shouldered by each generation and a relative affordability model that compares states' ratios of debt to resources available. In response to the literature, recommendations are made arguing for the importance of including affordability assessments in debt policy, the implementation of more formalized policies dealing with state debt affordability, the refinement of the generational model for use at the state level, and the use of the relative affordability model as a tool for debt managers.
From the Paper
"Debt has become one of the most important tools of contemporary state governments. It is used to finance a plethora of each state's ventures every year. Since 1975, the outstanding state debt has doubled nearly eight times, resulting in a $548 billion dollar tab as of the year 2000. Generally, this debt is non-guaranteed and issued by different entities created by the state which are not bound by traditional centralized oversight and control. This long-term debt is typically issued to finance capital expenses (Brecher, Richwerger, & Van Wagner, 2003). These capital expenses can take many forms, ranging from homeless shelters to sports stadiums and everything in between (Robbins & Dungan, 2001)."
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| Term Paper # 102738 |
temporarily unavailable
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International Debt Crisis, 2001.
This paper examines the real reasons behind the debt crisis faced by developing countries, focusing on the structural reasons for their continuing debt before turning to possible solutions.
2,950 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
Reasons for international debt are discussed with examples brought from Mexico and Brazil, oil exporters and oil importers; debt rescheduling; debt relief and first-world aid; the International Monetary Fund and the affect the IMF has had on poor countries. The two major methods of international reserve creation: the mining of gold and the acquisition of reserves in the form of key currencies are discussed along with their problems. Recent structural adjustment and debt relief are also examined, as well as the inability of poorer countries to pay their scheduled debt service and the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and its problems. This leads to a discussion of macro-economic adjustment.
From the Paper
"The current climate of recession has highlighted the reasons for raising the calls for poor country debt relief. It is difficult to believe claims made by creditors that they cannot afford further debt relief. Canceling effectively unpayable debts owed by the poorest countries may turn out to be a sensible policy for all creditors. As well as the strong moral argument for debt relief, there could be sound financial grounds for doing so to stimulate the global economy and promote growth."
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| Term Paper # 97644 |
temporarily unavailable
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Debt Instruments, 1991.
This paper reviews traditional debt instruments including term loans, different types of bonds and debentures and analyzes the specific features of debt contracts: Zero coupon bonds, floating rate debt and junk bonds.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"... deals with the topic of long-term debt. The chapter first presents an overview of traditional debt instruments including term loans, different types of bonds and debentures. Specific features of debt contracts are then analyzed including agency problems for bondholders, call provisions and sinking funds. Recent innovations in bonds are then discussed including zero coupon bonds, floating rate debt and junk bonds. The chapter concludes with a more detailed discussion of bond ratings and the factors which influence long-term financing decisions.
... defines a bond as a long-term contract under which ... "
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Foreign Debt in Brazil, 2002.
Examines the economic and social consequences of foreign debt in Brazil, focusing on the Latin American Debt Crisis of 1995.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
Brazilian economic development has been characterized by a series of boom and bust periods with little to be said in terms of sustainable development. Because of this, governments throughout the latter half of the 20th century have made efforts to guide development via economic diversity through forced industrialization. In relative terms, poverty inequality, foreign debt and inflation remain staggering. As an example, in 1995, Brazil's total outstanding foreign debt was 159 billion dollars. This has had significant repellant effects on foreign investment. During the Latin American Debt crisis in 1995, the pressures that were placed on the Brazilian economy could not be sustained. With an economy that was just starting to really grow, it could not repay the debts that it had accumulated during this crisis period. Like a bubble, the economy burst and Brazil continues to suffer the effects of a high reliance on foreign capital. This paper will look at the record of Brazilian economic development in terms of these and other important indicators.
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AIDS in Africa: Mother to child transmission, 2006.
A discussion regarding the issue of mother to child transmission of AIDS in Africa, focusing specifically on South Africa.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how AIDS is the most virulent disease even known to affect humanity, and Africa has been particularly hard hit. This paper examines this pandemic in terms of its incidence and its epidemiological profile. The paper focuses on Africa and more specifically on sub-Saharan Africa. In addition this paper pays special attention to the interesting case of South Africa and the crucial subject of mother to child transmission.
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Migration in Africa, 2005.
A discussion on rural-urban migration patterns in Africa.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at rural-urban migration patterns in Africa. It examines patterns in South Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Zambia and Ghana. The paper looks at the reasons for the migration and its effect on the rural areas and on the cities.
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Taxes and the Federal Debt, 2002.
A paper which explores how cutting taxes might ultimately help the growing federal debt.
1,449 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how cutting taxes may ultimately be an important strategy in reducing the federal debt of the United States. The federal debt has been a long standing concern of American citizens, politicians and economists. Today, the federal government faces a projected gross federal debt of $6,118,364 million in 2005. The paper shows how governments have traditionally taken the stance of increasing taxes or cutting spending in order to reduce the deficit. These attempts have largely failed due to unanticipated budget concerns. It explores how, in traditional attempts to reduce the debt, cutting taxes was thought to be a way to decrease national revenues, thus potentially increasing the debt. However, many economists are now considering that cutting taxes may help to stimulate the economy, paradoxically resulting in increased taxation revenue through higher employment and better wages. The paper examines how tax cuts may prove to be a way to increase revenues, thus potentially providing a means to reduce the federal debt. It also examines President Bush's Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA, designed to cut taxes, reduce the debt, and stimulate the national economy.
From the Paper
"Critics however, argue that EGTRRA will ultimately fail. They note that misrepresentations in federal budgeting overestimate budget surpluses, including mistakes in long term costs of retirement programs from a budgeted $5.6 trillion to a mere 1.6 trillion. Further, they note that EGTRRA will reduce revenues through tax cuts. Ultimately, the critics argue that the combination of a decreased budget surplus and tax cuts will sink the EGTRRA (Gale and Potter).
If the critics are correct, and the EGTRRA fails, the government will be forced to increase taxes, reduce spending, or increase the public debt. As such, plans to reduce taxes may once again result in increased federal debt."
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The Scramble for Africa, 2006.
A paper explaining the economic impetus for the partitioning of Africa.
2,584 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper explains why the European powers decided to parcel out among themselves the continent of Africa and, in particular, West Africa. The paper explains that there were a number of factors that led to the partitioning of Africa including economic reasons, the ending of the "old" relationship between Europe and Africa, and the changing attitudes toward slavery. The paper also looks at the political reasons for the partition and explains that all these changes combined caused the peoples of West Africa to lose their place in the world's economic community and submit to change that ultimately denied them their right to self-determination and dignity.
From the Paper
"The stamping out of the West African Slave Trade by the Royal Navy was only the first step in a sweeping reordering of the Native West African World. Though eventually the entire continent was to be affected by British anti-slavery policies, West Africa was among the first and hardest hit. Many Native kings derived a large part of their wealth from the Trade. They were willing participants in an exchange that formed the basis of their states' economies. Ashanti and Dahomey are two examples of powerful West African kingdoms that attempted to preserve their traditional sources of revenue and life-ways."
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"Understanding Contemporary Africa" by Douglas Gordon, 2002.
A look at neo-colonialism in Sub-Saharan Africa through a review of "Understanding Contemporary Africa" by Douglas Gordon.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper will discuss the elements of neo-colonialism that seems to have affected a large part of the Sub-Saharan parts of Africa within the book "Understanding Contemporary Africa" by Douglas Gordon. This paper will focus on the ways that this has been achieved in the rules that the colonials have created upon the African learning systems here. With this in mind, we can see how they function in tandem.
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