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Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders, 2005.
This paper discusses the arguments for and against the juvenile death penalty.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the U.S. Supreme Court decision "Roper v. Simmons" (2005) holds that the death penalty for juveniles is "cruel and unusual" and as such, the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments of the US Constitution forbid the execution of offenders who were under the age of 18 when their crimes were committed. The author points out that the advocates for juvenile death penalty argue that a murder committed by a 16 or 17 year old is as gruesome as that committed by an adult and that individuals exhibit different ranges of maturity thus some 17 year olds may be more "mature" than other 20 year olds. The paper states that, in opposition to the juvenile death penalty, psychologists and behavioral scientists have long known that adolescents do not yet have a brain ability to reason as adults do, are 'wired' to behave more irrationally than adults and are subjected to hormonal instability.
Table of Contents
Arguments for Juvenile Death Penalty
A Murder is a Murder
Case-to-Case Basis
Deterrence
No Consensus
Arguments against Juvenile Death Penalty
Brain Development
Raging Hormones
Adolescents are Similar to Mentally-Retarded People
Death Penalty is no Deterrent for Juvenile Offenders
No Death Penalty does not mean Complete Clemency for Offenders
Public Opinion
International Stance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The alleged evidence quoted by anti-capital punishment advocates that death penalty is not a deterrent is inconclusive. The threat of being put to death as a result of committing murder has always proved to be a deterrent throughout human history. There is no reason to assume that such deterrence does not apply to juveniles. As an example, Christopher Simmons (of the Roper v. Simmons fame) was 17 at the time when he and a 15-year old broke into the home of the victim (Shirley Crook) in Missouri; they bound up the woman with electrical wire and pushed her into a river to die. While planning the burglary and murder, Simmons told his friends that even if he were caught, nothing would happen to him because he was a juvenile. If he had known that he would be facing the death penalty he would surely have not committed the crime."
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The Death Penalty: Juvenile and Adult Offenders, 2002.
A comparative analysis of the application of the death penalty to juveniles and adults in the United States with an emphasis on the difference in public support.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts how the death penalty is applied to juveniles and adults in the United States, and focuses upon the theme that there is much less public support for imposing the death penalty on juveniles than on adults.
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Death Penalty on Juveniles, 2007.
An analysis of the history and effectiveness of juvenile capital punishment.
3,310 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of juvenile death penalties. The writer explores the issues of the past and the recently handed down Supreme Court mandate declaring the death penalty for juveniles as unconstitutional. The writer proposes research through the use of literature reviews and concludes that the death penalty is not an effective method of punishment for juveniles that commit capital crimes.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Literature
Juvenile Death Penalty in Context
Methodology
Data Collection
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The case that was the eye of the execution of minors storm was 17-year-old Christopher Simmons. Simmons admittedly planned and executed the murder of an area woman just to see what it would feel like. He and his friends broke into her home, tied her up with duct tape, took her to a bridge and threw her over the side to let her drown. She died and they were arrested for the crime. The victim had recognized Simmons which was why Simmons said the final decision to murder her came, however, he had talked openly to friends before the incident of wondering what it would be like to murder someone. He would brag to others that if he wanted to commit a murder he would not be given the death penalty because he was a juvenile."
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The Death Penalty and Juveniles., 2002.
An argument against the use of capital punishment on young offenders.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper argues against the death penalty for juveniles. It contends that the death penalty is unjust in and of itself. Moreover, it is especially barbaric when applied to children. Individuals under the age of eighteen should never be tried and punished as adults in this society, especially when the punishment is state execution.
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Juvenile Death Penalty, 2002.
A history of the death penalty and how juveniles are a part of it.
2,467 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the death penalty focusing on both the history of adult and juvenile capital punishment. It provides arguments in favor of the death penalty such deterrance and capital punishment and arguments against such as wrongful convictions for both juveniles and adults-racial prejudice, cost and execution of the innocent. It analyzes current law and looks at such issues as the minimum age for the death penalty in different States and the house bill introduced to take the decision for the death penalty out of the judges hand and let the jury decide if the it should be received.
From the Paper
"The death penalty in the United States is viewed as a way to deter criminals from committing similar acts of violence. People in favor of the death penalty believe there is always a risk some innocent people will be executed, and there is no legal system that doesn?t have flaws. There is no unmarred justice no matter how evolved the legal system is. When the principles for a developed legal system are followed the risk of the innocent being executed can almost be avoided. It must be beyond all reasonable doubt that the accused is guilty. The defenders of the prosecuted should be seasoned in criminal cases where the outcome can be a death sentence."
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Juvenile Death Penalty, 2007.
An analysis of the history of the death penalty for juvenile offenders.
731 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the possibility of enforcing a juvenile death penalty for youth that have committed serious violent crimes. The paper discusses the history of the death penalty for underage offenders and the change in the laws in the United States with regard to its implementation. The paper also discusses the aims of juvenile justice and how the death penalty does or does not further these aims.
From the Paper
"Regardless of the source of the ethical view there are rising tides that express the evolving attitude that the death penalty, in any case is not a deterrent and is ethically wrong, regardless of the crime or the circumstances of it. The ethical implications of this ruling clearly create issues surrounding age of consent, as the determining factor of the decision, if an individual is not of the age to consent to vote, join the military, or even buy alcohol, cigarettes or even a lottery ticket in most states they should therefore not be of the age to consent to an understanding of or a level of legal responsibility for their violent actions."
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The Juvenile Death Penalty, 2007.
This paper presents a detailed exploration of the juvenile death penalty.
3,346 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the death penalty as it pertains to juveniles and discusses the importance of the issue. The writer cites several recent juvenile death penalty cases heard by the Supreme Court and provides analysis into their issues. The writer then provides a well reasoned conclusion and proposal regarding the death penalty as it pertains to juveniles.
Outline:
Introduction
The Juvenile Death Penalty Debate
Pros and Cons
Cons
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"In recent years Americans have watched in horror as teenagers committed more grisly crimes than ever before. Shooting sprees at high schools, acting as a sniper on the freeway and murdering neighbors for the sake of a few dollars worth of jewelry are just some of the juvenile cases that have received national attention. The American judicial system is faced with the task of punishing the teenagers who commit these crimes, while at the same time trying to remain fair to the United States Constitution. Over the past few decades, juvenile defendants convicted of various violent crimes have been sentenced to death. This has created heated debates in many sectors of the public as well as the legal profession. Should juveniles be put to death? That is the question that has haunted society for decades. The Supreme Court recently ruled that using the death penalty for a juvenile is no different than using it on a mentally retarded individual and should be considered cruel and inhumane punishment. Though the decision has been made and juveniles convicted of previously capital punishment cases will now serve life in prison the debate rages on about the correctness of that decision. Some believe that juveniles do not have the mental or emotional capability to understand the seriousness or the consequence of their crime. "
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Juvenile Death Penalty, 2005.
The argument that juvenile death penalty sentencing is a cruel and unjust punishment.
1,540 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The American criminal justice system executes a larger number of children than the rest of the world combined. This paper contends that the juvenile death penalty is completely blatantly racist in its structure, design, and application and is legally more arbitrary and capricious than the death penalty for adults.
Outline
Juvenile Death Penalty Is Racist
Juvenile Death Penalty Is Irrational
Juvenile Executions Contradict Treatment of Juveniles Generally
The Human Element of Juvenile Executions
Supreme Court Finally Strikes Down Juvenile Executions
From the Paper
"But most critically, the error of executing children cannot be fully comprehended until one examines the individual cases of children who have been executed by the various states in America. Invariably, the children the state executes have four common characteristics: (1) they were often mentally ill or mentally retarded at the moment they committed they crime; (2) they were themselves the unfortunate victims of horrifying sexual and physical abuse; (3) they were victimized by a society which has one of the most stifling child poverty and infant mortality percentage-rates on Earth and which assigns many minorities to existences of hopelessness and grinding poverty; and, (4) they were represented by inexperienced, unskilled, uncaring and incompetent attorneys."
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The Death Penalty, 2007.
An overview of the history of the death penalty with a focus on its use in America.
2,414 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the international history of the death penalty and then takes a closer look at the use of the death penalty in the United States. The paper highlights the fact that in most countries, gender and age discrimination are not a factor with regards to the death penalty. The writer points out that there are juveniles on death row. The writer also looks at different religions and their opinion on the death penalty. The writer concludes that until the law changes, law enforcement and prosecutors should continue to advocate the death penalty in cases of murder and crimes involving children. The writer also believes that the death penalty is the only punishment that sends the message to criminals that murder and other acts of violence and crimes are absolutely unacceptable.
From the Paper
"There are crimes considered by our society to be so atrocious and intolerable such as murder or rape of a child that if convicted, that the only punishment suitable for committing these crimes is the Death Penalty. The Death Penalty, also called Capital Punishment, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as reprisal for crimes known as capital crimes or offenses. This type of punishment is set aside for crimes like premeditated murder, espionage and treason. From the primitive people to the modern world as it is today, the death penalty remains the largest and most controversial part of the criminal justice system. Supporters of capital punishment argue that it deters crimes, while opponents of capital punishment argue that it violates human rights. As we explore this much debated topic, we will discover the past, present and future of death penalty."
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Is The Death Penalty Biased?, 2008.
This paper explores whether there are biases in the application of the death penalty in the United States.
1,636 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the problem of racial bias, gender bias, juveniles and capital punishment and the link between poverty and the death penalty. The paper contends that overall, the death penalty may be a necessary evil in our society, however, until we can be one hundred percent sure it is meted out fairly, a moratorium on the act may be in order.
Outline:
Introduction
Racial Bias and Capital Punishment
Gender as a Factor in Death Penalty Sentencing
Capital Punishment and Juveniles
Poverty and the Death Penalty
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Capital punishment has been administered and accepted in this country for over 200 years, however, some states have now abolished the practice, while others continue with sanctioned executions. In 2000, Governor George Ryan of Illinois suspended executions in that state and "commuted the death sentences of all Illinois death row inmates in 2003" (Wolfers 791). Following Ryan's lead, in 2004, New York's highest court ruled that the state's death penalty statute was unconstitutional. Although prisoners still sit on California's death row, executions in that state are virtually nonexistent, however, executions in Texas continue at an even pace (791). "
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Death Penalty and Juveniles, 2002.
Contends that juveniles should not be put to death.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Contends that juveniles should not be put to death. Cites the U.S. as the only industrialized country in the world that continues to execute juvenile offenders. Cites failure of capital punishment as a deterrent. Discusses alternative punishments and the Constitutionality of the issue. Need for preventive measures.
From the Paper
"Juveniles and the Death Penalty
Some people justify the death penalty for murder and other heinous crimes, regardless of the offender's age. They fall back on the Bible's injunction of an eye for an eye. With a rash of murders committed by juveniles, some states permit the juries to decide that, if found guilty, youngsters can be put to death. "In the United States, twenty-five states allow the execution of juveniles, twenty-one states set the minimum age of execution at 16, and four states at 17" (G.Potter 1). Twelve states "have no statutory minimum age, although the Supreme Court has set the minimum age for executions at 16" (K. Potter 1999 1). This in what is regarded as the most civilized nation in the world. The execution of juveniles is not only state-sanctioned murder. It is a desperate act of revenge, and really serves no purpose, since all sorts..."
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Death Penalty for Juveniles, 1997.
Legal, moral & social argument for capital punishment for murderers 16 & younger.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 17 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"Death Penalty for Juveniles--A Pro Stance
The thesis of this research paper is that the death penalty should be applied to juvenile offenders who commit murder at age 16 and, in appropriate cases, at even younger ages. The basis for this position is the inherent right of American society to protect itself against the savage youth in its midst which is responsible for the rise of violent juvenile crime in America.
1. Permitting prosecutors and juries to consider imposing the death penalty on juvenile offenders who commit heinous crimes such as murder and rape is neither immoral nor illegal.
Facts. In the United States, a person younger than 18 who commits a crime is considered to be a juvenile offender. Thirty-nine states now allow the death penalty to be applied to some crimes. Eleven others and the District of Columbia prohibit the.."
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Death Sentence for Juveniles, 2002.
A discussion of the pros and cons of an age limit for the death sentence in the United States.
1,542 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines both the benefits and problems of imposing a limit on the age of capital punishment. It discusses the effects of this age limit on society, and questions whether the U.S. would like to be viewed as a country that puts its children to death. The writer also explores the link between violent juvenile crimes and the fear of capital punishment.
From the Paper
"Today, minors are using their age as a shield against capital punishment. The death penalty is appropriate for juveniles in certain circumstances, such as murder and brutal crimes that are considered capital offenses. The rate at which the death penalty is carried out, as well as inconstancies in sentencing doesn?t make it a deterrent. There should not be an age limit for all capital offenses for those who could face the death penalty and knew what he or she was doing was wrong, and a crime. Age limits do not predict when one is able to handle responsibilities. What they do is assume one should be able to take on new responsibilities, laws, and issues. How does a specific age predict when a person knows right from wrong?"
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Juvenile Delinquency and Parent's Death, 2005.
An investigation of juvenile delinquency and its relationship to unresolved grief due to the death of a parent or parents from ages 7-11 years using Piaget's concrete operational stage of development.
38,789 words (approx. 155.2 pages), 65 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate unresolved grief in children ages 7-11 years, an age range that corresponds to Piaget's concrete operational stage, due to the death of a parent(s) and if and or how it manifests into delinquent behavior. To this end, this dissertation employs a historical-comparative methodology to answer the guiding research questions. The dissertation is guided by the following specific research questions: 1.What is the incidence of juvenile delinquency among children who have experienced the loss or one or both parents during Piaget's concrete operational stage, ages 7-11 years? 2. What treatment interventions have been proven effective in helping children resolve the grief associated with the loss of one or both parents? 3. Are there cultural, gender and socioeconomic differences among children that affect their coping abilities? 4. What specific differences exist between adults and children in terms of coping skills and how can clinicians use this information to facilitate grief resolution?
Outline
Abstract
Key Word Definitions
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Scope of Study
Rationale of Study
Overview of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Description of the Study Approach
Data-gathering Method and Database of Study
Preliminary Bibliography
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"The study of "resilient" and "invulnerable" children has provided researchers with a new and different focus in the primary prevention of mental illness in adults. Resilient children are those who, because of stressful life events, are at risk of developing later psychological dysfunctions, but do not. As examples: every teenage parent does not quit school and live on welfare; most behaviorally disordered children do not become dysfunctional adults; not all high school dropouts fail to make a good living; and many adjudicated delinquents do not become adult offenders (Brown & Felner, 1991). Based on the wide range of stress-producing factors that may occur throughout childhood and even prior to birth (e.g., in utero cocaine addiction), it is understandable that past research would provide limited coverage. For example, Garmezy and Rutter volume ( 1989) provided an understanding of the neurochemical and physiological aspects of stress, a description of stress-producing factors that occur during infancy and early childhood, and an understanding of coping mechanisms associated with resiliency-all considered within the context of childhood development (Brown & Felner, 1991)."
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Death of a Generation, 2003.
A discussion of whether or not the death penalty for minors is right or wrong.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the moral as well as legal issues regarding the sentencing of a minor to death for crimes. It argues how the sentencing of minor to the death penalty is wrong because it undermines the rehabilitation system that is currently in place throughout the United States. It stipulates how all citizens of the world, especially children deserve a chance to turn their lives around rather than have them cut short by a no turning back death sentence and how there are many reason why capital punishment for minors should be re-examined, from the costs of execution to the simple fact that a person does not develop fully until later in his or her teenage years. It looks at some of the underlying factors that cause juvenile crime and the debate of the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent versus the cost of capital punishment. It evaluates other ways to deal with young offenders such as the different probation programs available.
From the Paper
"It is hard to comprehend the effects of the death penalty on a country, especially on as large as the United States but the reality of the situation is alarming. The facts are that as of 1996 over fifty percent of the prisoners on death row have the educational equivalency of an eleventh grader. This means that fifty percent of inmates on death row have had little or no chance to progress in their home, community, city, state, and country. These death row inmates have no chance to change, learn, or make anything of their lives. They have been sent away to rot in a cell while they awaits their execution and while their minds lay dormant. There have been several cases where minors have been sentenced to death. The Supreme Court has wrestled with this dilemma for a while and found that there are no clear objections from any region of the United States to executing a person as young as sixteen."
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