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Date Rape and Attribution Theory, 2002. Defines the concept of date rape and applies the attribution theory as a possible causal factor. 1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract For fifteen years date rape has been a recognized problem in the United States. Initially, it is defined and its occurrence levels analyzed. Subsequently, attribution theory is examined as a causal factor. Finally, potential programs to reduce date rape based on the attribution theory are introduced.
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Date Rape, 2002. Examines the phenomenon of date rape on college campuses. 2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract Examines the phenomenon of date rape on college campuses. Reactions and responses to date rape. Effect on clinical practice. How and why date rape happens. Feminist theories. Gender roles. Availability of rape targets. Goals of counseling programs, including sex education and awareness programs, challenging sexual attitudes, behavior and communication styles.
From the Paper "Introduction
Historically, the word "rape" has transfigured from meaning to act in haste, to meaning to seizing someone else's property violently, to meaning sexual intercourse occurring without the consent of one of the people involved, primarily using force or deception (Oxford English Dictionary, 1989). This most current meaning creates a picture of a stranger lurking in the bushes on a dark night, breaking into a house, or kidnapping a victim in a car to take them someplace else to rape, and possibly kill. While these types of attacks are very real, they are only a part of the entire picture of rape. According to one study by the National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape, 92 percent of adolescent rape victims were acquainted with their attackers. Other studies estimate that at least 50 to 75 percent ..."
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Date Rape, 2005. A discussion about the troubling phenomenon of date rape. 2,014 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 63.95 »
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Abstract Date rape is a serious social issue, which must be addressed appropriately. This paper discusses how it is important to first develop a clear and absolute definition of date rape to protect men from false accusations and to protect women from sexual victimization on dates. It explains that this definition is needed so women can realize when things are proceeding in the wrong direction and take some action to stop it, while men can proceed cautiously and shield themselves from false allegations that next morning.
From the Paper "Date rape is a less technical term for acquaintance rape where offender is identified as a non-relative whom the victim knew personally. However the extent of this relationship may vary from case to case. In some cases, the offender and victim may have been on first date when the incident occurred while in others, they might be in steady relationship. Vast body of research on the subject reveals that date rape is a common social problem that is not limited exclusively to college students. Women of all age groups have experienced sexual coercion by a male acquaintance on a date. Pineau (1989) defines date rape as ?non-aggravated sexual assault, nonconsensual sex that does not involve physical injury, or the explicit threat of physical injury" (Pineau 217). Still date rape is a vaguely defined crime: one factor that has contributed to its growth."
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Date Rape, 2005. An examination of the alarmingly high frequency of date rape. 1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 63.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses how date rape, or acquaintance rape, has become such a common phenomenon. The paper takes the position that this has got a lot to do with the educational system and suggests possible solutions.
From the Paper "However, what is even more surprising than these high figures is that most occurrences of date rape go unreported. Several theories exist that try to explain this phenomenon. For example, many women may refuse to believe that their ?friend? raped them. In fact, they could ultimately convince themselves that that horrid night never actually occurred. Moreover, there is embarrassment following the attack in which memory and emotions become mixed up. When alcohol or drugs are involved, the women may have no memory of the attack whatsoever. Even if the victim does remember the attack, they could be left with a sense that they let themselves be taken advantage of. In cases such as this, the victim may blame them self instead of the attacker."
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Date Rape, 2006. This paper explores date rape and the attitudes towards it today. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract The paper examines the issue of date rape, noting that it is not new, but that in the past authorities often viewed the victim as at least partially responsible for putting herself in the situation in the first place. The paper adds that also a reasonable doubt might be raised by the fact that the rapist and the victim were on a date at the time, so that a defense might be made that crossed signals were at fault rather than criminal intent. "
From the Paper "Rape has long been addressed by the criminal justice system as a crime, though how assiduously the system raises the issue and makes its case depends on a variety of circumstances and prevailing social attitudes. More recently, attitudes have changed so that claims of date rape are taken more seriously, and in addition, today there are certain drugs used for date rape and acquaintance rape, adding to the problem."
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Date Rape, 2006. A look at date rape myths and their effect on female survivors and their willingness to report. 4,221 words (approx. 16.9 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 112.95 »
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Abstract This paper seeks to explore the effect of rape myths on the victim. The paper explains that rape myths are stereotyped, false and prejudicial beliefs which serve to downplay the perpetrator's responsibility and criminality while shifting blame towards the victim. The paper looks at how these myths continue to be entrenched in society and thus dominate the general attitudes towards this crime. It also discusses how the myths contribute significantly to victims' feelings of guilt and often make it impossible for them to realize that they have even been raped.
From the Paper "To understand their dilemma we have to consider the societal predispositions towards the subject, the gender roles engrained in both women and men and the self protective mechanisms that exist in both the rapist and the society that tolerates his actions. The legal definitions of rape so far include forced vaginal, oral and anal sex that was either accomplished or attempted. Date rape, more specifically, is sexual assault that occurs when victim and perpetrator know each other through some form of accepted social contact. It is an act which uses sex as a weapon to exert power and humiliate, which makes this such a unique scenario, legally and personally. "
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Date Rape, 2002. An examination of this growing phenomena and methods of prevention. 1,149 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95 »
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Abstract This paper explores the issue of date rape, its larger social context and the strategies that could be undertaken to help combat this problem. It examines the problems in defining this form of attack due to its ambiguous definition - "forced sexual intercourse with a dating partner".
From the Paper "A study released by the Department of Justice revealed that in 2001, nearly three percent of all college women have experienced a completed or attempted rape during their college years (Jainchill). This translates to one out of every five women in college. The findings were much higher than prevailing estimates, which stated that violence against women on the campus was on the decline. Many experts believe that the actual figure may be even higher, because many women do not report the crimes. The figures for women being sexually assaulted outside college are thus likely to be higher."
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Date Rape, 1991. A look at the legal and moral definitions of acquaintance rape including social myths and stereotypes, incidence, the typical rapist and victim, victim's reactions and the need for social and legal action. Outline. 2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95 »
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From the Paper "Date rape can generally be defined as occurring whenever a man forces his date to have sex with him against her will. Some people expand this definition to include forced sex by any acquaintance, whether it be in the context of a date or not. Despite these simple definitions, however, there is a great deal of controversy over the precise legal and moral implications of date rape or acquaintance rape. The legal definition for date rape is extremely limited and it tends to place the burden of proof on the victim. A date rape victim will have a difficult time in court if the defense attorney can show a lack of evidence or can imply that the woman is loose or immoral in any way. Thus, in prosecuting a date rape case, it helps if the victim has visible bruises and is a "woman of shining character," because otherwise "the strict constructionist definitions of rape will..."
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An Analysis of Ted Bundy through the Lens of Information-Processing Theory, 2002. This paper is an in-depth analysis of the motives of Ted Bundy prior to and during his serial murders. The analysis uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders. 2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 78.95 »
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Abstract This paper is an intensive examination of serial murderer Ted Bundy and the motivations behind his killing spree. In order to analyze this murderer, the paper uses a sub discipline of Cognitive Theory- Information Processing theory to examine Bundy's motives prior to and during his murders. It not only examines the man himself, but also looks at his victims, his family life and other environmental factors that may have led to his transformation.
From the paper:
"This cognitive representation of pleasure does not end with Bundy?s first sexually motivated encounter, instead, this becomes a continuum in which another stimulus is introduced. The third stimulus, which is the actual murder, essentially strengthens Bundy?s need and desire to rape and brutally sodomize women. Bundy?s predisposition to sexually violent behavior was finally released. By breaking the barrier, Bundy?s pathological processes overcame his inhibitions, which led him to crave more. Bundy had made the final decision to kill, solving his problem, he now lived uninhibited by any moral dilemma, and would keep murdering for the sake of self-gratification. It is really quite sickening to imagine that by mutilating, torturing, raping and murdering one could experience pleasure. Not only did Bundy experience great pleasure, but derived satisfaction and motivation to keep killing."
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The Proportionality Principle of Attribution, 2002. Looking at an experiment performed involving the effects of personality characteristics on the proportionality principle of attribution and how the explanation for an event is proportional to the magnitude of the outcome of the event. 4,406 words (approx. 17.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 115.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes a study which investigated attribution, specifically the proportionality principle, in 185 undergraduate students. Participants were divided into several conditions and completed questionnaires that tested; that the outcome of a scenario was appropriately rated, that the magnitude of the outcome determined the likelihood to which the cause of the event was attributed to predictable or unpredictable causes, and the extent to which personality characteristics (belief in a just world and locus of control) affected behaviour in accordance to the proportionality principle. It was hypothesized that the level of the two personality characteristics being tested would have a significant effect on behaviour, that the scenarios and magnitudes were designed appropriately, and that the magnitude of the outcome predicted how the participants would explain the event. It was found that the magnitudes of the outcomes supported our hypothesis and were successfully manipulated but that personality characteristics did not have as much of an effect on ratings as was originally proposed. These results were attributed to participants? level of cognitive satisfaction as well as typical human tendencies in logic and reasoning.
From the Paper "Social psychologists are largely interested in how humans explain the causation of a behaviour or an event. Making a judgement on behaviour is essentially making a claim as to the causation of the behaviour and this is commonly known as making an attribution. Heider (1958), who was the first to officially propose the idea of a person bias, suggested that humans attribute most behaviour to personality rather than to situational causes. The person bias, now known as the fundamental attribution error, is both a useful and harmful characteristic of humans; it allows for easy formation of a mental model of an individual?s personality to occur. Often, however, during the formation of this model, situational causes are ignored, and negative characteristics are attributed wrongfully to an individual?s personality when in fact, the exhibited behaviour was more a product of the environmental circumstances. A more recent, and less researched proposal involving attribution is the proportionality principle. This suggests that humans have the tendency to seek explanations for behaviour or events that are equal in magnitude to the outcome of the event, even if this is not the most logical explanation. For example, McCauley and Jacques (1979) found that important events with drastic outcomes, such as presidential assassinations are attributed for causes equally as important or drastic."
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Attribution Theory, 2000. A research proposal to analyze empirical studies of testing Pettigrew's model of the "ultimate attribution error," related to human causal explanations for events in the world. 1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 11 sources, $ 47.95 »
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From the Paper "Introduction
The proposed paper will present a meta-analytic investiga-tion of empirical studies testing Pettigrew's (1979) model of the "ultimate attribution error." In a general framework paper, this report: a) explicates the general attribution model; b) describes the essential concepts associated with the ultimate attribution error; c) provides a brief review of the empirical research testing ultimate attribution error principles and postulates; and d) delineates how meta-analytic techniques will be applied to the exiting literature in the area.
Attribution Theory
As noted by Taylor, Peplau and Sears (1996), in general, attribution refers to the process by which people attempt to infer the cause of events in our world; in other words, attribution theory deals with the..."
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Isaiah, Faith, Attribution and Practicality, 2007. This paper looks at the Old Testament Book of Isaiah and discusses faith, attribution and practicality. 1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 60.95 »
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Abstract In this discussion of the prophetic work of Isaiah, the writer maintains that the work speaks to an overlying theme of God as the giver of judgment and salvation. The writer notes that the text provides a full display of God's rebellious people who must be punished and, eventually, redeemed. The writer then points out that a new form of redemption is introduced in the text--a redeemer to be found in a Messianic age. The writer relates that Isaiah's book of prophecy seeks to lay the foundation for revolutionary change. The writer also relates that the basic foundation for the text appears to be its poetry and its readability. Additionally, the writer maintains that the text works as an implement of understanding for God's people, helping them relate the events of their past to the promises of their future.
From the Paper "Through this new figure, there is no longer a need for sacrifice and man-made emblems. In this instance, it is possible to infer that the prophecy does not point to God, but to a Messianic figure. Of course, the problem still remains whether or not this new figure could question the monotheistic institution within the Israelite nation. If Isaiah is referring to a new divine figure, it this character a byproduct of Yahweh, or is it a fresh and equal cohort? Why does Isaiah use this new title as opposed to formal and informal names used by his predecessors? Perhaps Isaiah's purpose rests in unsettling the one-god issue. The unique characterization of the divine figures in the text only emphasizes the unique quality of the text itself. If monotheism is challenged, then it is done so to provide a considerable awareness of the change that is to come.
"Often, Isaiah uses personification to poetically explain his prophecy. This literary device creates a metaphoric system that seems to implement the clarity of the text."
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Dating Behavior and Gender, 1994. A research proposal to measure college students' attitudes and values related to sexual relations, date rape and harrassment. 1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, $ 39.95 »
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From the Paper "Abstract
The increasing attention accorded to the issues of date rape and sexual harassment will provide the justification for a proposed research study that will investigate the function of gender as an explanatory variable in relation to differences in attitudes and values that lead to dating behaviors that culminate in sexual harassment or date rape. The literature indicates that males on the average begin dating an earlier age than do females in American society, tend to have more dating experience than do their female dating partners, and as a consequence, are more likely than are females to have established behavioral patterns that they tend to following all dating experiences regardless of who their partner may be, and without consideration for differing attitudes and values that may be held by a dating partner. The literature also indicated..."
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Attribution and Socialization in Ethnically Diverse Youth, 2000. This paper examines the youth group formation in social psychology. 1,305 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 44.95 »
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Abstract The paper observes the characteristics of adolescents and how their cognitions and behaviors contribute to their peer group formation and social development. These observations support the group formation concepts of social psychology. The paper bases its findings on five studies that look at the process of socialization in youth and have identified techniques and patterns utilized.
From the Paper "Social psychology by definition is the study of groups, and group formation is never more obvious or influential than in the stages of adolescence. Adolescents employ a variety of techniques, including self-serving bias and attributions, in the formation of their peer groups and in their socialization. While research directly examining these particular techniques in adolescence is somewhat rare, many researchers have studied general ways in which youth socialize. Five articles related to this topic have been reviewed, each dealing with characteristics of adolescents and how their cognitions and behaviors contribute to their peer group formation and social development."
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