| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "DARRELL HUFF LIE STATISTICS": |
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Darrell Huff's "How to Lie with Statistics", 2005.
This paper is a book review of Darrell Huff's classic 1954 text "How to Lie with Statistics".
905 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Darrell Huff in his text "How to Lie with Statistics" relates that, because there is a fear of numbers in our culture and a great deal of misunderstanding or incomprehension about what number mean, combined with a paradoxical impulse to trust science as objective, people are apt to become confused by the use of numbers, regardless of what the numbers actually say. The author points out that the math is usually computed correctly but is rhetorically twisted and used to suggest an erroneous conclusion, hence Huff's rightful characterization of such misleading evidence as a lie. The paper stresses that perhaps the most relevant information in the book for today's reader pertains to interpreting potentially divisive statistics such as crime rates in cities.
From the Paper
"Such an example is not unlike the spurious study cited by Huff that smokers have significantly lower grades in college than nonsmokers. Ergo, said the researcher, smokers wishing to improve their grades should quit smoking! Of course, a statistical study showing that there's a "significant" relation between smoking and low grades doesn't show that smoking is the cause of lower grades -- perhaps educational failure draws people to smoke, suggests Huff, or more seriously, demographic factors such as poorer individual's tendency to smoke as a culturally accepted coping mechanism or to have come from less well-funded and rigorous school districts might also come into play."
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Al Franken and Lies, 2005.
A critical analysis of Al Franken's work "Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right. "
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at one of Al Franken's (the writer and performer of the popular television show Saturday Night Live) most popular works, "Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right. " First, the paper discusses several types of media bias that Franken reveals. Then, it looks at some of arguments that Franken makes about mainstream media coverage, as well as his criticisms of conservative media pundits and media sources. All the while, the paper presents the writer's opinion as to Franken's validity.
From the Paper
"Al Franken and Lies Going from writer and performer on the ever-popular television show, Saturday Night Live, Al Franken has become a political pundit for American liberals and a successful writer of critical commentary books that are both humorous and politically sound. The first biases that Franken notes are those that "stem from something called 'the profit motive'" (Franken 1). "
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Why Lying is Wrong: An Ethical Perspective, 2008.
This paper discusses the morality of lying and attempts to determine the ethical explanation for the claim that lying is wrong.
739 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the morality and ethics behind lies. It bases its discussion on three different sources, which are attached in the appendix. The paper states that although there is nearly universal agreement in human societies that lying is wrong, most people instinctively know that they should not tell lies, but they do not really understand the ethics-based foundation of why lying is wrong. A close examination leads the paper to the conclusion that while lying is ethically and morally wrong in most conceivable cases, there do seem to be conditions and circumstances in which lying is not wrong.
From the Paper
"Ultimately, examining these different ethical perspectives on lying and taking into account various contributing factors indicates that while lying is ethically and morally wrong in most conceivable cases, there do seem to be conditions and circumstances in which lying is not wrong. Some philosophers have argued that it even appears to be the case that in relatively rare circumstances, not lying would be morally and ethically wrong. But these are exceptions to the prevailing ethical and moral standard that lying is wrong."
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?Bodyguard of Lies", 2005.
This paper discusses Cathal Nolan argument that sometimes lies are for the public good, which he presents in "Bodyguard of Lies: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II".
970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 0 sources, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Cathal Nolan in "Bodyguard of Lies: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Defensible Deceit in World War II" does not believe it is always proper for governments to lie to the public, but he does establish a clear line, when and when it is not proper to lie, by giving general and specific historical examples of past government lies. The author points out that Reagan in the Iran Contra fiasco, Nixon with Watergate and Johnson with the U.S. incursions into Laos and Cambodia and Bill Clinton in Monica-gate, all lied for non-utilitarian reasons; however, Nolan differentiates between Roosevelt and the other deceivers of public trust because if the Nazi threat was not stopped, it would have continued to spread throughout the world until democracy no longer existed. The paper concludes that truth should be told whenever possible; but when the truth is not for the good of all mankind, a president is justified in using whatever means possible to preserve prosperity and moral goodness.
From the Paper
"Roosevelt viewed the Nazi's as a real threat to mankind. History proves he was correct. The public in the 1930's was weary of getting involved in another war. Congress was dominated by isolationists who refused to support foreign nations with arms or manpower even if they were our strategic allies in the fight for Democracy. The country was reeling from the depression, and many felt funds were needed at home. However, Roosevelt knew the threat of Nazism and German expansion was real and felt public opinion had to be altered."
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Lying, 2002.
An overview of the ethics of lying.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the ethics of lying and whether there are different levels of lying and if lying is justified in some instances.
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James W. Loewen's "Lies My Teacher Told Me", 2005.
Discusses James Loewen's book, "Lies My Teacher Told Me" about the misleading and inaccurate information in school history books.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper examines James Loewen's contention in "Lies My Teacher Told Me," that U.S. history textbooks are filled with distortions, omissions, and outright lies, and the impact of these lies on American students.
From the Paper
"If you attended history class in US public schools, chances are you believe Columbus discovered America, Helen Keller was an inspirational and democratic American, and you more than likely view Woodrow Wilson as champion on human rights and world peace. All of these beliefs are either outright lies, misinformation or are guilty of lies by omission described by James W. Loewen in "Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong".
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Lying, 2004.
Examines situations that cause people to lie, even unintentionally.
886 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
Research demonstrates that most of us lie, sometimes several times a day or even more. This is surprising to people who think of themselves as honest and forthright. The paper defines a lie before branching out into other issues linked to the concept, such as white lies, factors which affect how and why people lie, and gender differences.
From the Paper
"One particularly difficult situation regarding lying involves a situation where a superior wants a subordinate to lie for him or her. In one informal survey, 82% of women using one website said that their bosses often asked them to lie for them, for instance, telling callers that the boss was unavailable. 91% were asked to lie to their boss?s equals, such as partners, about the boss?s presence or absence in the office (Staff writers, PG)."
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Emmanuel Kant and Lying, 2008.
A comparison of Emmanuel Kant's categorical imperative and utilitarianism with regards to lying.
955 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Emmanuel Kant's philosophy on lying and compares it to the philosophy of utilitarianism. It describes Kant's categorical imperative and how it can be utilized in a situation that may involve lying. The paper presents a case where there is a question of whether to lie or not and discusses the possible philosophies of how to deal with the dilemma.
From the Paper
"At first, utilitarianism seems perfect for resolving such a dilemma. The problem is that the utilitarian is focused only on happiness, and happiness in this dilemma is false. The person's happiness also is just temporary and will end sooner or later, anyway. For a person who is faced with such a dilemma, the most helpful idea is Kant's categorical imperative. The reason is that it shows a practical point about human beings. It is not always wrong to lie because sometimes the truth is as bad as or worse than the lie. The only way to make a decision is to ask whether what we will do should be done by all individuals who happen to be faced with the same dilemma. When we are faced with an impossible or really difficult situation, then the categorical imperative provides a means to deal with that dilemma."
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Nietzsche's "On Truth and Lying", 2006.
A review of "On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense" written by Nietzsche and a discussion of the effects of the concepts on society.
1,062 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes, in depth, Friedrich Nietzsche's arguments in his essay "On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense". The paper focuses on the concepts that Nietzsche describes in his essay, of the creation of the metaphor, the importance of the lie and then discusses the effects that this process has on society.
From the Paper
"Truths shape our world. They are the ideas that impose a unified meaning on the chaos and indeterminacy of our lives. People devote themselves to these truths: wars are fought, Earth is subjugated, and culture is created. These rallying cries of civilization: justice, honor, virtue, stewardship, salvation, are the ghosts of our history who have tricked us into believing they are real and deserving of our attention. Nietzsche rages against this hoax in On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense."
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Lie Detection Methods, 2005.
An analysis of the polygraph and other methods of lie detection.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various methods of lie detection. The paper examines the psychophysiological methods, such as the polygraph, and non-physiological methods, such as emotional cues, cognitive cues, and facial expressions. The legal aspects of lie detection tests are explored in the paper, including the extent of their credibility.
From the Paper
"Lying and deception can have serious consequences in law enforcement and courtroom proceedings. Thus, forensic psychologists have devoted much effort to developing methods and techniques for detecting lies. Unfortunately, research indicates that the majority of people, including those working in law enforcement, do not reach above chance levels in detecting deception when using intuition alone. For example, Ekman & O?Sullivan (1991) showed in two studies of law enforcement officials that many fail to reach above chance levels. On the other hand, other studies show that some lie catchers, such as psychological experts or the secret service, can perform with above chance accuracy in detecting deception (Ekman, O'Sullivan & Frank, 1999). In light of the difficulty in accurately determining deception, psychological research has focused on examining which cues used to judge deception are most accurate and on the development of more objective psycho physiological measures of deception."
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Lying in Business, 2005.
Evaluates the ethics of lying in business.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the ethics of lying in business in the context of two recent high profile cases: Enron and Martha Stewart. It concludes that lying is bad business that cannot be justified.
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John W. Loewen's "Lies My Teacher Told Me", 2005.
An analysis of John W. Loewen's book about the damage caused by inaccurate history books, "Lies My Teacher Told Me".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of John W. Loewen's book, "Lies My Teacher Told Me," which discusses the harm that misleading and inaccurate history textbooks do to students' perception of government and their future development.
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"Lies My Teacher Told Me", 2005.
This paper offers a book review of "Lies My Teacher Told Me" by James Loewen.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the book; "Lies My Teacher Told Me" by James Loewen. The paper quotes the author's analysis of the content and style of history books used in American classrooms. The paper examines the author's claim that these history books focus is on patriotic highlights of American history rather than fostering critical thinking skills.
From the Paper
""High school students hate history." So begins the powerful book; "Lies My Teacher Told Me" by James Loewen, which seeks to establish the underlying reasons for why this statement is all too. As Loewen puts it; "Our situation is this: American history is full of fantastic and important stories. These stories have the power to spellbind audiences, even audiences of difficult seventh graders. Yet they sleep through the classes that present it." (Loewen introduction)"
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"Lies My Teacher Told Me", 2002.
An analysis of the book "Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong" by James W. Loewen.
1,658 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines "Lies My Teacher Told Me" and shows it as an expose? on high school history books and the tremendous amount of misinformation they contain. The author studied the contents of twelve published high school history textbooks, debunks many of the myths contained in them, and in the process, transforms history from a bland recounting of two-dimensional people into an exciting exploration of the good and bad humankind has done in its history.
From the Paper
"In twelve chapters, Loewen demonstrates how the authors of high school textbooks distort history to the point that much of what the books contain is essentially untruthful. He has chapters on how writers make boring heroes out of interesting historical people; what roles Christopher Columbus actually did and did not play in history; the real truth about how the United States has treated its native indigenous peoples; the subtle forms racism has taken in history books; the ways efforts to foster racial equality have been left out; how completely the textbooks ignore social class no matter how important its impact on history; systematically-taught misinformation about the Federal government; how incompletely recent American history is covered or even left out; the facts about American history left out in order to present the history of the United States in an unreal but positive way; how history textbooks came to be so incomplete, inaccurate and distorted; and the harm that comes from teaching sanitized, politically-correct versions of history to students who have no way of intelligently questioning what they read. He argues that the sanitization of history means that students cannot see any relationship between cause and effect in history."
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Lying in Business Cannot be Justified, 2005.
Argues that there can be no justification for lying in business.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that lying in business cannot be justified, even if it is to protect trade secrets. The paper uses two high profile cases as examples: Martha Stewart's case where she was found guilty of insider trading and the Enron scandal which involved the entire financial assets of the company.
From the Paper
"Some executives justifying to protect trade secrets or to maintain a competitive advantage that could affect their ability to remain profitable. There are those, however, who feel that lying calls an individual's-or a company's-integrity into question. If a company is willing to lie about its product, or its plans or in its advertising what else does it lie about? This research examines two recent high-profile instances of company executives caught lying and concludes that lying by company officials cannot be justified."
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