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Cybernetics, Cyborgs and Human Beings, 2008.
An analysis of technology and culture with relation to cyborgs, cybernetics and human beings.
1,277 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the meaning and application of the term "cyborg." It argues that human beings who use the Internet, machines, pacemakers, heart implants or prosthetics are not cyborgs. Instead, it suggests that the contrary assertion is indicative of a corruption of language and thought as human beings enter the new world of 21st century neuronic technology. The paper analyzes this thesis and assertion.
From the Paper
"It is both curious and instructive that the Greek origin of the word "organic" means "tool" or "instrument", hardly relevant to the current sense of "organic foods" or an organic lifestyle. In fact it construes closely to the definition of a cyborg, "a term condensed from 'cybernetic organism'...typically defined as an entity comprising organic as well as machine parts and information circuits" (Soufoulis, 2002, p.88). The definition co-opts the modern invasive meaning that enables Donna Haraway to "proclaim[s] the cyborg as an identity: "By the late twentieth century, our time, a mythic time, we are all chimeras, theorized and fabricated hybrids of machine and organism; in short we are cyborgs. The cyborg is our ontology; it gives us our politics" (Soufoulis, 2002, p.88)."
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Magic Beings in Fairy Tales, 2004.
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of magic beings in fairy tales.
1,085 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of magic beings and fairies in fairy tales. It explains how, today, fairies are a popular form of fantasy that come to life in a variety of ways. One of the most traditional homes for fairies and other magical beings is the fairy tale, created for children but loved by all ages. It discusses how some of the most beloved fairy tales contain fairies and magical beings that are central to the plot, the moral, and the essence of the stories. Without fairies and other magical beings, these tales would lose their magic and their universal appeal.
From the Paper
"Fairies are magical beings that inhabit many of the world's most famous fairy tales. Children old and young are familiar with many of these tales from Cinderella to Sleeping Beauty and beyond. Fairies and magical beings are part of what make these fairy tales so delightful and so memorable. Not all fairies are good, but most of them are happy beings that can make a character's life better, more contented, and more fulfilling. Fairy expert Cassandra Eason notes the word originally meant, "a state of enchantment or glamour, the power of illusion, reflecting the power of beings that might bring blessings or curses, and an ambivalence towards such beings" (Eason 17). Fairies do not inhabit as many fairy tales as one might think, but the tales they do inhabit are special and vibrant, such as "Peter Pan," "Cinderella," "Sleeping Beauty," "The Wizard of Oz," "The Hobbit," and "Snow White." "
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"Dragonfly" and "Science of Unitary Human Beings", 2003.
A comparison of the movie, "Dragonfly," with Martha E. Rogers's book, "Science of Unitary Human Beings".
1,057 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the concept of grief leading to delusions as developed in the movie, "Dragonfly," according to Martha E. Rogers's "Science of Unitary Human Beings" to determine its implications for nursing practice, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"When people become convinced that something is taking place that transcends the ability of normal senses to understand, they frequently look for answers in extrasensory or spiritual frameworks. Martha E. Rogers provides a framework for nurses to view every individual as a whole and unitary human being with an energy field which is in process with the surrounding environmental energy field. In the movie, ?Dragonfly,? Dr. Joe Darrow (played by Kevin Costner) is severely shaken when he learns that his beautiful physician wife, Emily (played by Susanna Thompson from ABC-TV's "Once and Again") had died in a bus accident while performing charitable work in the mountains of Venezuela. To get over his grief and disillusionment, Joe takes on bone-crushing hours in the hospital's ER just so that he can get his mind off of Emily's untimely passing. The strain of losing his wife combined with the stress of his professional responsibilities causes Dr. Darrow to experience delusional episodes in which he comes to be convinced that his dead wife is trying to communicate with him. While the movie itself is universally regarded as abysmal, the point about grief leading to delusions is not lost on Rogerian scholars."
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Cloning of Human Beings, 2008.
This paper argues that the cloning of human beings should be outlawed worldwide.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that cloning offers the prospect of scientists being able to create a new individual genetically identical to another person. The writer points out that the science to do this has almost been perfected. The writer notes that some people believe that cloning technology should be vigorously developed, as it offers an enormous potential to cure diseases and so reduce human suffering. However, this essay argues that this potential benefit is outweighed by the massive potential ethical problems. Therefore, it is argued that cloning of human beings should be outlawed worldwide.
From the Paper
"One compelling reason to ban cloning is with regard to the human rights of potential cloned beings. Things that are manufactured are usually, by definition, property, and so do not have human rights. Thus, if a company were to clone human beings, it could possibly have the power to use these people as "spare parts" for rich clients. This potential ethical minefield was explored in the recent film, The Island. In this film, rich people have clones made from their DNA, and "store" them in an underground facility. The clones have no idea they are clones - they think they are the survivors of a nuclear holocaust, kept confined for their own safety. When their "owners" become sick or are injured, the clones are simply killed to provide spare parts. The clones are even used for breeding purposes. In this way, a female customer of the clone company can "give birth" to her own genetic offspring without the inconvenience of being pregnant."
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Cyborgs, 2007.
A discussion on whether humans have already become 'cyborgs', using examples from fiction and film to support the argument that we have.
1,316 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and critically evaluates Donna Haraway's assertion that, we are all, already, 'cyborgs'. To help make this argument, the paper uses references from science fiction films and literature about the co-implication of humans, machines and informatic technologies in 20th/21st century life.
From the Paper
"In 1908 fiction writer Jean de la Hire introduced his superhero 'Nyctalope' in the novel 'The man who can live in water', since then hundreds of fictional characters have been created both in literature and more recently in feature films that are human beings with beneficial technological enhancements. The term generally used to describe such characters is 'cyborg', an abbreviation for cybernetic organism that was originally coined in 1960 by Manfred E. Clines and Nathan S. Kline in their article 'Cyborgs and space' '...for the exogenously extended organizational complex functioning as an integrated homeostatic system unconsciously, we propose the term 'Cyborg'.' (p. 26) "
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Inherent Goodness in Human Beings, 2002.
From the perspective of behaviorial and modern psychological theory, this paper argues that human beings are inherently good, not evil.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The idea that people are inherently evil will be argued against, under the auspices of psychological behavioralism and current psychology theory. By understanding that people are inherently good, we can see why this is more true than assuming 'evil' behavior in a person who may sick or mentally disturbed.
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Cyborgs and Feminist Writers, 2000.
A look at the advantages and problems of the science fiction concept of a cyborg, from an artistic and feminist point of view.
3,070 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 31 sources, $ 89.95
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From the Paper
"There are many different interpretations of what a cyborg might be and how it may be useful or not for feminist writers to use to describe the female situation. The cyborg defiantly presents us with some exciting new possibilities for what our bodies might be or encompass, and how we might experience our reality or realities. Though one must understand that these possibilities are only for those who have the technology, only the Internet and the networks that it allows to exist can really be seen to possibly act as a place of liberation from gender, race etc. It is in the end though a fictional environment, and the cyborg still is a fictional and metaphorical creature, which is over theorised and hence too impractical to relate to real women?s lives. "
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Ethical Issues Concerning Cloning of Human beings, 2000.
An opinionated look at the moral and ethical issues of human cloning.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the ethical and moral issues concerning the cloning of human beings. The author touches on some aspects of cloning, how it has developed and its side-effects. The author gives an opinionated argument about the effects that cloning of human beings will have on society?s perception of what it means to be a human being, as well as questions about a cloned individual?s personal identity, uniqueness, and individuality.
From the Paper
"Recent news that scientists in Scotland had succeeded in cloning an adult sheep ignited a worldwide debate. Of particular concern are the ethical and social implications of the potential application of cloning techniques to produce human beings. The Scottish announcement marked the first time that researchers were able to produce an exact genetic replica of an adult animal."
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Clones: Human Beings or Spare Parts?, 2006.
This paper explores the controversial issue of cloning and its potential to impact human rights.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how cloning appears to offer the hope of miraculous improvements in health care. For example, it is possible that diseased organs could be replaced by simply growing new ones. The paper explains, however, that if we develop the expertise to routinely grow new human parts and even new human beings, this clearly has implications for human rights. The paper notes that in particular, there are two areas where cloning has the potential to impact human rights.
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Are Human Beings Free?, 2002.
A philosophical discussion of the nature and scope of human freedom.
1,464 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the topic of human freedom with reference to theories propounded by famous sociologists, psychologists and philosophers. It examines how actions of human beings are often restricted by factors that are beyond our control. But in the areas where man is allowed to exercise his free will, his actions are based on different values and ends. It shows how before man developed any psychological or sociological views on the concept of free will, there was always the religious view on this subject and how free will is controlled by God. It examines the theories of Thomas Hobbes and Erving Goffman, who dealt with the concept from a philosphical and sociological view and Abraham Maslow and Sigmund Freud who dealt with the subject of free will from a psychological point of view.
From the Paper
"Erving Goffman?s definition of free will is connected with his definition of self. He is of the view that man can never be completely independent of outside influences when making his decision. This is because man performs on a ?stage? where his actions and reactions are both controlled by other people present on that stage. Man develops a sense of self when he interacts with others and thus his actions are also largely shaped by views of other people. In other words, Goffman believed that man exercises his power of free will to develop his sense of self and to make himself standout. His actions contain an element of ostentation. He wants to be an individual and not just one of the group and for this reason makes some unique choices when given complete freedom."
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Cybernetic Films and Their Impact, 2000.
Sets out to prove that cybernetics may still be a relevant and fruitful method for understanding contemporary culture.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 17 sources, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of Anthony McCreery's essay "Cybernetic Culture: An Analysis of the Impact of 'Cybernetic Films" and how McCreery analyzes whether these films can be used to understand contemporary culture.
From the Paper
"Until recently, cybernetics has been confined to the realm of science and technological study. However, the impact of cybernetics, and more specifically second-order cybernetics, has gradually become apparent in areas such as mainstream film and literature. Popular movies such as "The Matrix", "Being John Malkovich", "Fight Club", and "The Terminator" illustrate the growing influence of cybernetic theory on popular culture. In his essay "Cybernetics and Culture: An Analysis of the Impact of ?Cybernetic Films?", Anthony McCreery uses modern films to analyze whether or not cybernetics is an appropriate ideology for understanding contemporary culture."
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"Frankenstein" and the Human Condition, 2002.
Examines the message put out by Mary Shelley, in her classic novel, "Frankenstein" that society is able to turn people from loving beings into wicked beings.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein" explores the meaning of human nature in a very profound way. She shows that human nature is to seek love and companionship, yet that society can turn people into very wicked people. At the same time, she stresses that human nature cannot be changed and that humans should not tinker with it or try to experiment with it. Mary Shelley touches on the theme of how dangerous it is to play with human nature. We see that humans are to be left alone and to be allowed to take their own way.
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Human Communication Analysis, 2006.
This paper analyzes the field of cybernetics and human communications while focusing on the views and opinions of linguistics expert Gregory Bateson.
1,817 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper details the published research relating to human communication analysis, based on intra-personal, interpersonal and group interaction. This paper details Gregory Bateson's perception and definition of second-order cybernetics which illustrates an interactive system wherein the individual is constantly in relation with his or her own social environment. This paper analyzes both the quantitative and qualitative realities objectified in the field of cybernetics. The writer of this paper contends and explains the manner in which cybernetics objectively looks into the social phenomenon of being studied, noting its nature and dynamics through subjective measures. This paper examines and explains the reasoning behind Bateson's cybernetics learning process, as detailed in his book "Steps to an Ecology of Mind." This paper also delves into Bateson's discovery which clearly identifies the processes involved while interacting with the self, another communicator and other people from varying cultures and with different values.
From the Paper
"While in Learning I the individual is just learning and developing communication skills, in Learning II, s/he must now be able to identify acts and meanings that belong or do not belong to his/her culture. As exemplified earlier, distinguishing between the different actions in which agreement or disagreement are expressed is a manifestation of learning at the second level, where the communicator now commits action based on the context or situation s/he is in. Thus, when the individual is in a Middle Eastern society, it is essential to adopt the culture's communication action of agreement and disagreement, which is opposite to the individual's American culture and upbringing. These adjustments made by the communicator is an illustration of contextualization, the commitment of proper actions and meanings in an altogether different culture and society."
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View of God, 2007.
This paper examines the idea of human beings as manifestations of God.
1,520 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the idea that human beings are manifestations of God is not just a New Age platitude, because it has serious implications for the healing professions. The writer notes that nurses who cultivate this attitude can help their patients develop more constructive attitudes toward their illness or discomfort. Moreover, the writer claims that patients who embody the notion that they are manifestations of God can use their subconscious mind for healing, as Joseph Murphy suggested in his classic book 'The Power of Your Subconscious Mind'. The writer discusses that the science of unitary human beings also demands that health care practitioners take into account issues related to family background, culture, ethnicity, religion, and personal taste. The writer concludes that when viewed as manifestations of God, all human beings will be treated equally.
From the Paper
"These two theories share several features in common, although they were developed separately. Murphy did not focus exclusively on the healing professions. He suggested that the same mental tools and attitudes could be applied to all areas of one's life: a unitary principle in itself. Rogers' science of unitary human beings was applied specifically to the nursing field and applies equally as much to the practitioner as to the patient. Both Murphy and Rogers present a humanistic vision of the universe but one that does not presume human superiority. Rather, human beings are viewed as integral parts of a vast universe of interrelated life forms. One of the core tenets of Rogers' philosophy is diversity. No two people are alike. The needs and backgrounds of individuals differ greatly, allowing for a panoply of divine manifestations. Inherent in this idea is a paradox: God is both unity and multiplicity. Similarly, human beings are simultaneously unified and diverse."
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Mental Logic Theory, 2007.
Discusses an experiment examining human beings and the way that they reason depending on the types of questions asked.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the mental logic theory and the mental model theory, in terms of the way that human beings reason. The paper presents an experiment that asks three similar questions of the participants with a slight word change in each of the three questions. The paper attempts to discern from the participant's answers to these three questions if the results favor the mental logic theory or the mental model theory in regards to human beings and the way they reason.
From the Paper
"Our studies show however, that the inferences the participants drew followed a logical sequence. If, as we purport, they do follow a logical sequence then that would lend more credence to the findings that the Mental Logic theory espouses as compared to the Mental Model theory.
"Schroyens purports that his study shows that both theories adhere to the same processing scheme, and that both theories are equivocal. If his study presents the truth, then we must search out the theory's differences, dissect these differences and discern whether the differences are so great that one of the two theories is more palatable than the other."
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