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Cyber-Terrorism, 2007.
An overview and analysis of the threat posed by cyber-terrorism.
2,627 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how computers can be used as tools by terrorists and how terrorists can target computers and computer networks in acts of terrorism. The paper contends that the information technology revolution has made both public and private sector computer systems and networks more vulnerable to attacks. It also asserts that the increased dependence on computer systems also makes cyber-terrorism a more menacing threat.
Outline:
Introduction
Cyber-Terrorism
The Threat posed by Cyber-Terrorism
Devastating Potential Consequences of Cyber-Terrorism in the Wake of the Information Technology Revolution
Securing the Nation Against Cyber-Terrorism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Theofrastous (2003) the conventional threats associated with attacks to America's IT infrastructure are well-known. However, there are now more sophisticated threats that involve the attacking of the IT infrastructure using unconventional means (Theofrastous 2003). The author points out that from an e-commerce standpoint, the new IT structure involves both business to consumer and business to business contexts (Theofrastous 2003). These contexts have encouraged the establishment of standardization in several important areas including the authentication of electronic transaction and antifraud measures (Theofrastous 2003). "
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Cyber Terrorism, 2002.
A complete guide to the concept of cyber terrorism and the main players in this field.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by defining what cyber terrorism is and a brief history since its appearance on the net. It then examines several examples of cyber terrorism and the unique harm done by each of these forms. Examples given are virus spreading, murder, propaganda and data dibbling. The writer finally examines the major players in the game of cyber terrorism and terrorist groups that are active in this crime.
From the Paper
"The FBI defines terrorism as the illegitimate use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Cyber-terrorism can be the use of computing assets to threaten or force others. An example of cyber-terrorism could be hacking into a hospital computer system and changing someone's medicine prescription to a lethal dosage as an act of vengeance. It sounds far fetched, but these things can and do occur. Cyber terrorism has also been defined as ?the use of computing resources against persons or property to intimidate or compel a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?1."
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Cyber-Terrorism, 2006.
A proposal for an analysis of how cyber-terrorism threatens the USA's interests domestically and abroad.
8,733 words (approx. 34.9 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 183.95
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Abstract
This paper examines cyber-terrorism and the effect it could have on the United States' critical infrastructure. Additionally, in order to determine whether there is a need for special precautions, the paper also analyzes the use of information technology by terrorists, discusses what constitutes cyber-terrorism and looks at the real threat it poses for society.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Definition of Terms
Chapter 2: Preliminary Review of Related Literature
Chapter 3: Methodology
Chapter 4: Conclusion
From the Paper
"The commission found that the combination of electricity, communications and computers are all essential components required for the continued existence of the U.S., all of which can be threatened by cyber-warfare. The resources to launch a cyber attack are commonly available; a computer and a connection to the Internet are all that is needed.These infrastructures are importance to protect. Without them, the country would be in danger. They are, therefore, prime targets for terrorists. Is the cyber-infrastructure in the United States designed with such security considerations in mind? According to Congressman Ciro Rodriguez statement, "Though the benefits of the Internet are clear, the widespread network of interconnected computer systems also poses significant risks to our national security. The same cyber technology that connects our homes, our schools and our businesses to the rest of the world, if not properly protected, may also provide terrorists with the tools they need to launch cyber attacks against our nation" (p. 37). These comments relate directly to the nature of the potential threat facing the country and its interests abroad, and these issues are discussed further below."
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Cyber-Terrorism, 2007.
This paper looks at Cyber-terrorism's role in terrorism.
1,237 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the term cyber-terrorism has developed as a result of the role of modern technology in the furtherance of national and international terrorism. The writer notes that al Qaeda appears to love the Internet and that there is a growing realization of the way that computers and the Internet are being used as another tool in the terrorist's arsenal. The writer concludes that there is little doubt that with the growth of the Internet and modern digital communications systems the threat of cyber-terrorism is one that is set to increase.
From the Paper
"It is usually the case that cyber-terrorists have political aims that motivate their crimes. In the information age the information that a terrorist may need to plan an attack on, for example, a power station is contained on government or private computers somewhere. Therefore the art of hacking or illegally gaining entry to restricted data via the Internet and computers has become one of the ways that cyber-terrorists operate. A good example of this was during the Gulf War in 1991 the Pentagon computer was hacked or illegally entered and secret material about the Patriot missile was stolen."
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Cyber Terrorism, 2004.
An analysis of the threat presented by cyber terrorism and how it can be controlled.
3,456 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how cyber terrorism and hacking have become perpetual threats to national security and economy and how they exist in so many different forms that it is difficult to place them under one specific category. The one thing common in all such crimes is use of computer, which acts as a shield between the criminal and victim, thus protecting the former from immediate detection for possible arrest or prosecution. It looks at how the government, along with intelligence agencies and FBI, is trying to control and protect data available on the most critical networks, including those of the military, and how, although cyber terrorism presents a clear and present danger, with effective measures we can control the possibility of cyber attack, and even if one occurs, our security measures should be designed to help us recover the loss easily and without long-term negative consequences.
From the Paper
"Even before the September 11 attacks, intelligence agencies had alerted the nation of the imminent danger from a new breed of terrorist known as cyber-terrorists. President Bush warned the nation that, ?American forces ale overused and under funded precisely when they are confronted by a host of new threats and challenges--the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the rise of cyber terrorism, the proliferation of missile technology." Cyber terrorism in simpler words is terrorism carried out with technologically advanced means where networks play an important role as terrorist illegal gain access to confidential information. This breed of terrorists is certainly more menacing than the ones we had hitherto been trying to root out. Cyber terrorism is dangerous because catching the criminal is a daunting task and because access to sensitive data can wreak havoc as once a person enters a database, it takes a while to detect intrusion and takes even longer to block access."
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Cyber-Terrorism, 2002.
How terrorists can use computers as terrorist tools.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper examines cyber-terrorism the use or targeting of computers and computer networks in acts of terrorism. The devastating potential consequences of cyber-terrorism in the wake of the Information Technology (IT) Revolution and our reliance on computers and computer networks are the focus of the paper.
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Cyber Terrorism, 2005.
This paper discusses the use of computers and hacking by terrorists.
2,030 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most importance of the computers to the terrorists is less in hacking and more in recording their financial ledgers, target lists, attack plans and names of co-conspirators as in the case of Ramzi Yousef, who was the mastermind of the World Trade Center bombing. The author explains that cyber terrorism is expected in the air traffic system because the air traffic control system all over the world are well computerized; however, this fear ignores the fact that these computers do not directly control the aircraft, but act as mere aids to the human controller. The paper discusses the vulnerability of the electrical energy systems, gas and oil pipelines under the SCADAS or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems and of the Defense computer systems, which have had many attacks that have not led to any degradation of the capabilities of the US military.
From the Paper
"Yet the problem is not so simple, and the US government has very little power in this regard. This was seen when the Chairman and Vice Chairman regarding critical infrastructure met the President. They had been informed by Finland that researchers had found a serious deficiency in the Internet's standard language for sending data through the switches. The concerned government team had found this to be a threat for air traffic control and military phone links, among other threats. This led to the critical infrastructure board and the homeland security office asking private organizations whether they would tell the government the names of people working in those sites. The FBI can only collect the names of bank employees, but is unable to take action in other industries."
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Privacy and Cyber Terrorism, 2002.
A look at the invasion of privacy by the government in their effort to fight terrorism.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper depicts the unethical stance taken by the government as it takes over the civil liberties of people in the name of national security.
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Cyber-Terrorism, 2001.
An analysis of how the Internet can be used for terrorist purposes.
9,000 words (approx. 36.0 pages), 27 sources, MLA, $ 187.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper looks at way in which the Internet can be used for terrorist activities. It produces evidence that the FBI has of such attacks that have already been perpetrated and lists examples. The paper also looks at different types of attacks such as worms, viruses, unauthorized attacks, falling sites, 'pingings' and more. It reveals who are the main players in this "game", both groups and individuals.
From the Paper
"It has been called "information war? or "cyber terrorism" -- the capability to let loose terror and destruction with a few well-aimed clicks on a computer keyboard. Although it is an unusual and a potentially lethal subject, the public does not know very much about it. However, experts in and around the country, to the top level of the federal government, are taking it seriously.
The FBI defines terrorism as the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Cyber-terrorism can be the use of computing assets to threaten or force others. An example of cyber-terrorism could be hacking into a hospital computer system and changing someone's medicine prescription to a lethal dosage as an act of revenge. It sounds far fetched, but these things can and do happen. Cyber terrorism has also been defined as ?the use of computing resources against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?1."
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Terrorism and Counter Terrorism, 2004.
A study of the development of international terrorism and counter terrorism, both in general and specifically, since the events of September 11th, 2001.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the way counter terrorism and terrorism have changed since 9/11 and the growing role of the U.S. It also looks at the development of 'modern' terrorism and the possible consequences of the continuing War on Terror. It debates whetherr or not September 11th, 2001 can be seen as a day that changed the face of terrorism. It also discusses how since the invasion of Afghanistan, terrorist attacks have become more numerous and high profile although their basic purpose remains the same, to gain attention. It puts forward the view that what has changed about terrorism since 9/11 is the amount of media attention it now controls.
From the Paper
"As well as presenting a recent point of reference for terrorist activity, the conflicts in Palestine and Northern Ireland also show two different ways of dealing with the problem, certain aspects of which have been adopted by the United States. In the case of Britain and Northern Ireland, the conflict is one of territory and security for those who want British rule. In Palestine and Israel however, the situation is based purely on territory. This difference in the foundation for the terrorist action seems to have dictated the way in which terrorism has been dealt with. Because of the presence of British citizens in Northern Ireland, and the small section of society that is involved in the unrest , it has been British policy in recent years to try and settle the situation through political sanctions and increased security measures to prevent terrorism."
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"Terror" in the Mind of God: A Study of Terrorism, 2005.
This paper studies the dangerous influence that religion has on some believers-- an influence that ignites terrorism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Using Mark Juergensmeyer's book "Terror in the Mind of God" as a reference, this paper examines how religion sometimes influences its believers in such an extreme way that they turn to terrorism in the name of God. The paper examines the origins of terrorism, cultures of violence and the future of terrorism.
From the Paper
"Juergensmeyer's ideas discussed in the book go against what most criminological theories of crime causation tell us. Rational Choice theory, which is the theory used almost exclusively in today's criminal justice field, believes that criminals choose to commit crime by weighing the potential benefits versus the potential risks. (Siegal, 107). This assumption that offenders make a rational informed decision affects crime prevention strategies (Siegal, 129). The religious terrorist, however, is in a cosmic frame of mind where moral religious values override any sense of legal right or wrong."
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History of Terrorism, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of terrorism from ancient to modern times.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the history of terrorism from ancient to modern times. The writer defines terrorism and its roots. The writer also discusses different types of terrorism: state terrorism and non-state terrorism. The paper looks at the many forms of terrorism.
Brief Historical Overview of Terrorism
Introduction and Purpose
Definition of Terrorism
Purpose
Brief History of Terrorism
Roots of Terrorism
Ancient History
Modern History
Types of Terrorism
State Terrorism
Non-State Terrorism
Responding to Terrorism
Identifying Proper Targets
Conclusions
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Any academic definition of terrorism would refer to a violent act omitted by individuals or a group not during a war undertaken in order to achieve a political goal. Modern forms of political terrorism became popular ... "
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Protecting Ourselves against Terrorism, 2007.
An analysis of the consequences of terrorism and attempts to protect ourselves against terrorism.
2,995 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack has affected people's ability to discuss terrorism dispassionately. The paper begins by defining terrorism and then presents some possible causes of terrorism. The paper suggests the United States' responsibility in dealing with terrorism and gives the writer's personal view on the issue.
Table of Contents:
Causes of Terrorism
What is Terrorism?
Protecting Ourselves from Terrorism- a) Follow International Law
Protecting Ourselves from Terrorism- b) Domestic Measures
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Terrorism is such a misused word that one person's terrorist is another ones freedom fighter. Bin Laden and his criminal gang were described as 'Mujahideen- the Holy Warriors' by the western media and their indiscriminate terrorist attacks during soviet occupation and pro-soviet Afghan government days were projected as freedom struggle and acts of bravery. The international politics has thus not permitted building a formal definition. The United States Congress has defined [22 U.S.C. [sections] 2656 f(d)(1)-(2) (1994)] "terrorism" as "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents"; "international terrorism" is defined as "terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than 1 country" [Reisman, 1999]. This definition does not consider state terrorism or state sponsored terrorism, which is often the case, as international terrorism often requires a hideout and a sympathetic or covertly supporting state."
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The Internet and Terrorism, 2002.
A look at the new threat of terrorism through the Internet and the potential destruction.
992 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper debates the growth of cyber terrorism and the different forms and dangers of this trend. It discusses how e-mail bombs and attacks on internet servers are the lowest forms of informational terrorism in terms of destruction. Higher forms of informational warfare include using the internet as a catalyst to produce physical terrorism on a higher scale.
From the Paper
"The Department of Defense definition of terrorism is "the calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological." (Research, 1) While in physical terrorism, the perpetrator must come in contact with the target, in informational terrorism the perpetrator only needs a computer connection. Not only are the tools of information terrorism more accessible but the implications can be more devastating."
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Terrorism and Transnational Crime, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of terrorism pre and post 9/11, the relationship of money laundering to terrorism using the Colombian narco-traffickers as a model and the relationship of transnational crime and terrorism.
4,120 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 52 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the literature states the necessity of extending the scope of terrorism to include related trends of drug-trafficking, organized crime and unlawful migration to America because these trends serve as breeding grounds to terroristS who have been looking for newer ways to broaden the terrorist funding base. The author points out that the literature indicates that the methodology adopted by the drug mafia in Columbia, to distribute their narcotics at the global level and subsequently to use that money to fund organizations creating civil unrest, has been adopted by the terrorists in the Middle East. The paper relates that literature discusses the actions taken by global institutions at the forefront of global anti-money laundering administration and reviews some fundamentals of the critical anti-money laundering law, such as the constant attrition of confidentiality and the obligation of augmented necessities of carefulness.
Table of Contents
Terrorism
Analysis of Literature on Terrorism Pre-Post 9/11
Money Laundering
Relationship between the Colombian Narco-Traffickers and Colombian Insurgency
Trans-national Organized Crime and Terrorism
From the Paper
"Michael Reisman (1999) gives a fair review of the past and the present actions and procedures of calculated and politically provoked violent non-government groups. Many critics have questioned the unwillingness of the American courts to prosecute terrorist activities that have taken place outside American grounds. Michael reviews the reasons behind the reluctance of the American courts to take legal action in these scenarios. He also reviews the dilemma of the incompetent countries whose soil has been exploited as a foundation for terrorist training and terrorist activities against other countries, particularly the United States. Similarly, Peter Chalk (1998) reviews a number of terrorist events which could have resulted in greater understanding and classification of terrorism and the fundamentals that serve as driving forces for terrorist acts. He concludes his study by creating a model for responding to terrorist actions within the customs of political and social legality."
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