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Culture and Global Marketing, 2005.
Discusses, with examples, the impact of culture on global marketing.
3,485 words (approx. 13.9 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
As the forces of globalization create a movement towards product standardization, cultural issues seem to continuously emerge. Several authors and researchers such as Hofstede, Hall and Trompenaar, whose main theories are explained in the paper, try to respond to these issues. However, large multinational enterprises (MNEs) seem to always fall into the trap and disregard concepts such as differentiation, localities, and adaptation. This essay identifies the impact of culture on global marketing by investigating the existing theories with the aid of examples of large-scale marketing decisions.
Table of Contents:
1.0 Origins of Culture and Impacts in Global Marketing
1.1 Political and Economic Forces
1.2 Technology
1.3 Geography
1.4 Social Institutions
2.0 Hofstede's Framework for Understanding Cultures
2.1 Individualism vs. Collectivism
2.2 Power Distance
2.3 Uncertainty Avoidance
2.4 Masculinity vs. Femininity
2.5 Long Term vs. Short Term Focus (Orientation)
3.0 Critical Evaluation of Hofstede's Framework
4.0 High/Low Context Cultures
5.0 Cross Cultural Negotiations and Communication
6.0 Environmental Sensitivity: Globalization, Localization and Adaptation in Marketing
7.0 Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Although important, the work of Hofstede can be- and has been- criticized in many ways. There are many weaknesses in his theory with the most important being the lack of subjectivity. The number of countries selected, as well as the number of people and the conditions under which they were interviewed, did not constitute a qualified sample for drawing sound conclusions, but merely gave a ?snap shot? of how some cultures could behave. Likewise, while the framework successfully categorizes the different sets of cultural values, it fails to explain which of these is the most influential for the formulation of culture. In many instances the framework seems quite vague."
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Culture and International Marketing Strategies, 2004.
An exploration of the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies.
2,881 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, as increasing numbers of businesses look to expand and develop their consumer and market base through the internationalisation of their operations, managers are recognising the importance of effective international marketing to counter the increased levels of uncertainty and complexity. It focuses specifically on the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies, using a number of examples to highlight the points raised. Firstly, international marketing strategies are considered in more detail, followed by an exploration of the concept of culture and its influence on international marketing strategies.
Outline
Introduction
What are International Marketing Strategies?
Understanding Culture
The Role of Culture in International Marketing Strategy Formulation
Hofstede?s Five Dimensions
Hall and Hall?s High-Low Context
Direct Influence on Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Importance of Ethics
Critiquing the Role of Culture
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1
From the Paper
"Since value judgements vary between and within cultures, perceptions of what constitutes acceptable behaviour also differ: for example a gift in one country may be considered a bribe in another (Cateora and Ghauri, 2000; Doole and Lowe, 2001). Kotabe and Helsen (2004 p.171) highlight the significance of this for international marketers who ?must understand and respect cultural subtleties, whilst finding the limits of ethical behaviour?; since a company?s ethical stance may affect its ability to do business in some countries. For example, Motorola?s lengthy ?Code of Business Conduct?, sets out standards for accepted behaviour throughout the organisation (see www.motorola.com). They recognise the ?ethical legitimacy? of gift-giving in Japan, but decline to ?participate in the practice? (Hamilton and Knouse, 2001 p.87). This allows the company to show respect for Japanese culture, whilst maintaining its own corporate values. Similarly, consideration should be given to product usage and production processes, which may not be appropriate in certain cultures or environments."
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Culture, Learning and Market, 2002.
This paper is a personal essay that discusses the obligation to transmit our heritage of culture and learning to the next generation which cannot be met by the market alone.
3,025 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 0 sources, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper states that learning and culture are two complementary entities in the process of human development. The paper concludes that an ethical stand-alone market system would naturally evolve when all the market players understand that in the long run it makes good economic sense to encourage this real value of humankind.
Table of Contents
Introduction - Towards Human Emergence
Social Environment - The Distilled Wisdom of Our Heritage of Culture and Learning
Culture and Learning- The Essence of Being Human
Transmission of Culture and Learning to Our Next Generation
The Mechanism of Transmission
The Case against Market
The Case for the Market
Is the Assertion Justified ?
Market and Ethics- An Evolutionary Process
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Human societies consist of organized groups of individuals of all ages having a set of behavioral rules that are transmitted from one generation to another. This process of transmission can be divided into two broad categories- direct or indirect. When the values and accumulated knowledge of the society are transmitted through some kind of formal training, it is called ?learning?. While the process of learning aims at transmission of knowledge and values in the formal way, the outcome of this process depends on many things that are never taught - things that we absorb from our social environment. This intangible phenomenon that is an integral and parallel part of learning is ?culture?."
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Youth Culture v. Youth Market, 2005.
An analysis of the youth culture versus the youth market in the music and clothing industries.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 2 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the youth market and the youth culture as a separate entity within the overall demographic of the U.S. The paper pays particular attention to the integration of the music and clothing industry and who these industries have become associated in the minds of the youth as being consistent with their culture and self expression.
From the Paper
" Youth Culture v. Youth Market The concept of youth culture as a separate entity within the broader demographic of the U.S. population is tenuous at best because it shifts constantly from one point to another. At times various groups co-opt what they perceive to be youth culture for their own unique and idiosyncratic purposes: "Through magazines, music, sit-com style videos, cartoons, and other media, Focus strives to construct an alternative Christian youth culture that mirrors secular culture's style and consumption habits" (Hendershot, 1995, para.5). Just as likely is the current trend in Hip-Hop to turn its primary audience; a grand collage of youth from across the various demographics making up the U.S. population, into one conceptual body comprising a unique youth culture all its own (Taylor & Taylor, 2004)."
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Global Marketing Plan for Cross-cultural Films, 2008.
A marketing plan proposed by CPAI Group, a company that produces movies and markets them internationally.
3,360 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper is a marketing plan that describes the objectives, target customers, and marketing strategy of CPAI Group, a company located on the West Coast of the United States, which focuses on making movies that are both educational and entertaining, with a wholesome, cross-cultural appeal. The paper adds that CPAI Group has been putting out movies that are rich in plot and character, but without much of the gratuitous violence and sex that has come to characterize movies made in America and other Western nations. The company also sees a certain sense of global convergence in consumption. The paper proposes that movies can be packaged in such a way that will appeal to people from vastly different backgrounds, including people from developing countries and cultures other than that of the United States. The main target country examined is Malaysia. Finally, the paper outlines the company's proposed marketing strategy, including issues such as pricing, seeking investors, promotion, and distribution.
Outline:
Company Character
Environmental Analysis
Marketing Strategy
From the Paper
"CPAI is an ambitious company but it does not have the deep pockets of such Hollywood staples as MGM or Columbia Pictures. This explains why the company relies to some extent on simple settings. The company is getting more and more backers from companies and individuals who recognize the value in what the company is achieving. Thus, even though at the moment the company operates with a budget that is continually under strain, this is likely to change in the near future, thus allowing the company to express itself even more and to tackle a wider range of subjects and also to deal with storylines that are truly global in nature."
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America's Global Market Share in Mass Culture, 2002.
Looks process in which U.S. goods, ideas, and information have become part of the cultures of all industrialized nations and many third world nations.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay answers the question: how does America figure in the creation and propagation of 'mass culture'? It uses works by notable cultural theorists and media scholars, and explains the intertwining cultural and economic systems that allow US goods, ideas, and information to become a part of the cultures of all industrialized, and many 'third world' nations.
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Product Marketing and Marketing Research, 2005.
Cites an article that discusses the relationship between marketing research and marketing strategy.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This essay cites an article that discusses the relationship between marketing research and marketing strategy and tactics. It describes the purpose of the marketing research and assessing the importance of this research in relation to the organization's marketing strategy and tactics.
From the Paper
"According to an essay published by the U S Small Business Administration online entitled Marketing Basics to be successful senior management must know its markets its competitors strengths and weaknesses ..."
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Marketing in Poland, 2003.
Discusses culture, environment, and marketing strategy for Ford cars in Poland.
8,050 words (approx. 32.2 pages), 35 sources, APA, $ 135.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses culture, environment, and marketing strategy for Ford Motor Company cars in Poland. It examines Polish history and recent events in Poland, and presents a cultural and economic profile upon which to base a marketing strategy. The paper considers Poland a viable market for Ford.
From the Paper
"This report focuses on Poland a country which has experienced significant economic reforms and privatization in the wake of political changes taking place after Poland has enjoyed rapid growth in ..."
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Contemporary Marketing Problems and Capability-Based Marketing, 2002.
Examines the need for contemporary marketing policies to change to those based on capabilities, due to globalization.
2,316 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The nature of marketing has changed in the wake of globalization. The marketing organization that both survives and thrives in this evolving environment will be the one that hones its capabilities, builds upon these capabilities and applies these capabilities in the satisfaction of customers. This research examines contemporary marketing problems within the context of capability-based marketing. Essentially, capability-based marketing holds that a firm should concentrate on its most problem-causing customers and attempt to satisfy them. The paper shows that through learning to deal with such problem customers, the capability-based marketing approach holds that marketing companies will develop expertise that will enhance their capabilities to serve all customers.
From the Paper
"The concept of mass production is based on assumptions of stability in both product and process change. Within the framework of such assumptions, both "product specifications and demand are relatively stable and predictable" (Boynton, Victor, & Pine, 1993, p. 43). Such stability facilitates the standardization of products, the centralization of decision-making, the routinization of work and rewards, the development and enforcement of standardized rules and procedures, and the allocation of work on a dedicated basis to specialized tasks. Such conditions, thus, lead naturally to the development of the mechanistic organization (Davidson & Davis, 1990)."
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Stock Market And The Bond Market, 2002.
Compares and contrasts both markets in the U.S. from the investor's perspective.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Compares and contrasts both markets in the U.S. from the investor perspective. Advantages and disadvantages of each class of securities. Dow Jones Industrial Average as a measurement. Volatility of the markets, and risks for the investor. How the two investment vehicles differ. Three factors that determine price of a bond. Four Exhibits.
From the Paper
"COMPARING AND CONTRASTING THE STOCK MARKET AND THE BOND MARKET IN THE UNITED STATES
This research compares and contrasts the stock market and the bond market in the United States from the perspective of the investor. The assessment discusses advantages and disadvantages of each class of securities.
There are several barometers used to describe stock market activity in the United States. The most widely known of these barometers is the Dow Jones Industrial Average of 30 stocks. There are other Dow Jones index averages, utilities and transportation as examples, and there are other indexes, such as such as the Standard and Poors 500, the Wilshire 5000, the NASDAQ, and others. The Dow Jones Industrial Average is easily the most recognizable stock market measure to most people."
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Fashion Marketing, 2007.
A research proposal about the influence Western culture has on the fashion marketing industry in Thailand.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the researcher proposes examining the ways in which fashion, pop icons, singers, actors and other celebrities influence fashion trends and marketing techniques adopted in Thailand. The researcher aims to accomplish this through survey questionnaires mailed to a selected population of Thai citizens aged 18-40. The researcher expects the results of the study to show that the West has had a significant impact on Thai fashion marketing, especially within the last decade.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review - Historical Background
Methods
From the Paper
"Many have linked modernization with Asia as Westernization, claming that much of what occurs within Asia revolves around changes in Western culture (Sheridan, 1999). This is evidenced in many ways, including by examining the influence Western culture has had on Asian culture with respect to popular culture, media and even fashion (Sheridan, 1999). There is direct and indirect evidence that the West has had a dramatic impact on Asian culture in the last several decades (Sheridan, 1999)."
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Marketing Products in the European Markets, 2006.
A discussion regarding the marketing of products in Europe.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 5 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the characteristics and requirements for marketing products in the European markets. Because there are many local differences in Europe, a single unitary approach is difficult to fashion. The paper further discusses how by gathering data and applying it globally with emerging patterns of target publics, global themes can be developed and applied in marketing campaigns.
From the Paper
"In the competitive economic environment evident in European markets, the importance of marketing cannot be overemphasized. Just as in the United States, the developed markets and sophisticated consumers in the countries of Europe necessitate effective marketing strategies for products to be successful. A mediocre product can gain market prominence with a strong marketing campaign; however, even the best product can languish if effective marketing strategies are not used to make consumers aware of the product and convince them to consider its purchase. This paper will consider the environment and policies that drive the development of product marketing in European markets."
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International Marketing, 2004.
This paper discusses the challenges that are faced by international marketing managers and the need for cultural sensitivity.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the challenges that are faced by international marketing managers and the need for cultural sensitivity. The paper explains about targeting specific markets, a marketing mix and globalization.
From the Paper
"International Marketing Challenges. The international marketing function will face a number of new and dynamic challenges in the 21st century One of the defining qualities of a 21st century international marketing manager is that he or she must be sensitive to cultural differences in each market the company they represents sells into in order to be successful. An effective marketing manager will understand different tastes and lifestyles as well as different cultural norms and will incorporate all of this information into the marketing program."
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Hip Hop Culture and Identity, 2005.
A thorough examination of the hip hop culture and its impact on a person's identity.
34,125 words (approx. 136.5 pages), 150 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research explores the hip hop culture and its identity. An overview of the current literature is given that reflects the theoretical position of Black culture in the United States. In addition a definition of hip hop and rap is provided, including a discussion of its origins and the current state this art form is in. The influence of the ghetto and hip hop culture is explored at length, as well as the lyrical content of the music. Commercialization of this unique music form is discussed, in addition to hip hop culture's tendency toward visualization as opposed to aural. Finally, hip hop as a global force is reviewed. In the end, it becomes clear that hip hop music is a significant influence on global culture, for Black and non-Black community members and this influence has been facilitated by technology and the drive of capitalism.
Introduction
The History of Hip Hop
Overview of Current Literature Regarding Hip Hop
Defining Hip Hop Culture
The Four Pillars of Hip Hop and Others
The Ghetto, Hip Hop Culture and the Divergent Styles of West Coast and East Coast
East Coast versus West Coast Conflict
Geographical Diversity of Hip Hop Today
Hip Hop and the Jail Culture
Graffiti as a Subversive and Sublime Cultural Arm of Hip Hop
African Americans and Spatial Mobility
The Ghetto Environment and its Effects on the Lyrical Content of Hip Hop
Examination of Lyrical Content in Gangsta Rap Songs
Discussion of Virulent and Caustic Language Within the Sub-Genre of Gangsta Rap
The Double Standard in the World of Gangsters as Demonstrated by Hip Hop
Hip Hop Culture and Misogyny
Hip Hop Culture and the Poetry of the Dispossessed
The Controversy About Selling Out and Hip Hop Culture
Representing the Ghetto
Hip Hop Culture and Sports Marketing
Hip Hop Sales Statistics and the Thug Image for Sales Controversy
Hip Hop as a Force in American Pop Culture and the Displacement of Other Genres of Music
Tastes and Decadence in Hip Hop Culture
The Hip Hop Culture and Political Influence
Hip Hop as a Global Force
References
From the Paper
"Although one may be led to believe that hip hop music is a recent evolution, it relates back to the griots of West Africa, from more than two hundred years ago. The griots were, and in some rural areas still are, storytellers, poets and traveling singers who played an important role in ancient African societies. They used poetry and rhythm to teach the people about their history, as written language was rarely used ("Griot").
One could even argue that hip hop music began even earlier than griots, stemming from the ancient societies of Egypt, as a rich, Black tradition of admiration for rhetoric in both written and spoken form. It is part of the Black rhetorical continuum, as it borrows from and expands a tradition of creative use of language styles and strategies. It was created as rhetoric of resistance primarily to racial discrimination and oppression (Kopano). "
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Target Marketing in Foreign Countries, 2005.
This paper discusses ethical and cultural factors for target marketing in foreign countries.
10,355 words (approx. 41.4 pages), 40 sources, APA, $ 207.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while the techniques involved in segmenting foreign marketplaces do not differ dramatically from their domestic counterparts, there are certain cultural, religious, ethnic, age and gender-related issues, which may confound even the most carefully crafted marketing campaign. The author points out that consumer-based studies attempt to determine specific characteristics of consumers in foreign or domestic markets, which differentiate them from other consumers; such target marketing initiatives usually focus on traditional demographic (age, income, education) and psychographic (attitudes, values) segmentation variables. The paper identifies several criteria, which companies can use to evaluate the efficacy of expanding their operations into any given foreign marketplace: (1) Product transportable and cost, (2) transferability of competitive advantage, (3) inter-firm transferability of resources and (4) need to adapt to local market conditions. Includes the proposal for the project. Table and graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Target Marketing for Global Penetration
Conducting Strategic Market Research
Ethical and Cultural Considerations in Target Marketing
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The first two steps concern consumer research or the identification of exactly who shops and buys in the store, where they live, what and when they buy, how frequently they shop, how much they spend, and how they use the product purchased. The third step is concerned with product or actual in-store opinion tabulations using focus groups or informal meetings with customer, and the penultimate step is concerned with market analysis. White notes that the final step involves a comprehensive assessment of the competitive situation within the marketplace for the industry involved. This can be accomplished using any of the standard market analysis techniques such as a SWOT, a Porter's five forces model or a PESTLE."
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