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Cross-Media and Foreign Ownership Laws, 2007.
This paper discusses Australia's relaxation of cross-media and foreign ownership laws.
4,270 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that 2007 Australian business reforms welcome foreign media players and allow local media groups, already in place, to merge into cross-media ownership: the simultaneous ownership of television, radio and newspaper licenses and other media platforms. The author points out that the main purpose of these reforms are to maximize the business benefits of the operations of media. The paper stresses that media ownership around the world is seen as a reflection of a nation's political conditions, such as democratic countries by rights allow pluralism of ownership as exemplified by the more liberal foreign ownership laws and cross-media mergers in U.K., Canada, Germany, New Zealand and Japan.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Foreign Ownership of Media
Cross-Media Transactions
Rationale for Reform
Framework of Reform
Global Trends in Media Deregulation
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"There are no existing restrictions on media ownership for both foreign and local entities in New Zealand, Sweden and Finland. Japan previously prohibited a single firm from owning more than one TV stations but this law had been lifted. Italy and Germany are an interesting study since both countries have sternly avoided the concentration of media ownership in a few hands but this rule is followed more in the breach than in the observance. In the US, cross-media ownership of a TV license, radio franchise and newspaper is not allowed for a single person, especially in markets with three TV stations or less."
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Cross-Media and Foreign Ownership Laws, 2006.
The relaxation of cross-media and foreign ownership laws in Australia.
4,271 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the relaxation by the Australian authorities of cross-media and foreign ownership laws. The debate seems to balance out as to the number of the pros and cons and the weight of the arguments of each side. However, sifting through the arguments the paper shows that they meet halfway on the need to protect media against excess concentration of power and foreign influence. On these concerns, the Australian government seems to draw lessons from the media liberalization programs of other developed countries, which are allowing cross-media ownership and foreign participation up to more manageable limits and only in specific media areas where activities are calculated to pose lesser risks. The paper concludes that the problem is that, despite these safeguards, people will always look at media deregulation with suspicion and misgiving because of the sensitive nature of this industry.
From the Paper
"After Lord Morley left journalism to join government service in the early stages of the development of media in UK, there is an oft-quoted remark made to him by Kennedy Jones, co-founder of the venerable Daily Mail. "You left journalism a profession. We made it a branch of commerce," Jones told Morley. The equally famous rejoinder was: "The more, the pity." One view in effect exults that media has evolved into a business proposition, where profit takes precedence over its traditionally loftier priorities. The other opinion looks with sadness at such commercialization of journalism, implying that this is inimical to public interest.
That pithy exchange from the past captures the essence of the present-day debate in Australia triggered by the government announcement of plans to deregulate media after 20 years of controls on foreign ownership and cross-media transactions. The Morley-Jones clash of views between the public service and business orientation of media deferred to old UK conditions, but the same hairsplitting still rings true today and continues to reverberate throughout the world as economic opportunities diminish and competition for scarce resources tighten up. Since almost all sectors of national economies have been served up for foreign interests in the universal drive to generate much-needed foreign investment, governments in many parts of the world, both developed and underdeveloped, are fixing their attention on the media industry as the last remaining enticement for foreign investors. As Australian Sen. Ron Walker puts it: "Media has become the last major industry begging for reform to bring it to the 21st century." By inference, the senator is batting for a new scheme that would keep Australian media in step with the times by allowing foreign investment into the arena."
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Foreign Ownership in Canada, 2008.
An analysis of issues relating to foreign ownership in Canada, according to the opinion of Dominic D'Alessandro of "Manulife Financial", and Canada's relationship to the World Trade Organization.
3,180 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rules governing foreign ownership in Canada, foreign takeovers and corporate and government positions, according to the opinion of Dominic D'Alessandro of "Manulife Financial." The paper then discusses Canada and the World Trade Organisation, as well as Canadian interests in relation to trade agreements. Finally, the paper focuses on public interest group activity and the issue of foreign ownership in areas of the Canadian economy considered 'sensitive.'
Table of Contents:
The Rules Governing Foreign Ownership in Canada
Canada and the World Trade Organisation
Public Interest Group Activity
From the Paper
"This overall pattern seems to be very promising for those caring about the likelihood of lost Canadian economic sovereignty and the aim of better regulating foreign investment that was ventured by D'Alessandro. In the Council of Canadians, very often associated with the Canadian "left" but actually featuring diverse participants, one finds a way of inducing the public to imagine a future Canada that may appear unless effort is made to question and limit the rate of foreign investment and takeovers in particular sectors of the economy. Given that neo-liberal economic shifts were thrust upon the Canadian public, including the radical departure of the NAFTA, it seems all the more important that public interest groups compel Canadians to consider their future, demand restrictions they may decide should be in place and rather than waiting or hoping for an effective political party to list these concerns."
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Foreign Ownership of Publishing Firms, 2005.
A discussion into the pros and cons of foreign ownership of publishing firms.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses foreign investment and ownership in publishing companies in Canada. The paper further discusses the concerns of scholarly publishers, as well as business entities that believe that foreign investments do not stifle cultural goals. The paper also reflects on laws that provide protection for excessive ownership of Canadian business by foreign investors and draws conclusions based upon the research.
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American Media and Foreign Policy, 2005.
This paper examines the American media's coverage of foreign policy issues and how it has changed over the course of a century.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates through newspaper articles and television coverage that foreign policy has taken on a different aura in the past decade and whose future progression seems anything but predictable. This is apparent in an examination of current news articles and television coverage, and shows that foreign policy is covered in an entirely new light compared to recent decades.
From the Paper
"Domestic and foreign coverage by the media was strikingly similar during the years leading up to the beginning of the 21st century, with the media basically acting as a propaganda model for the government. However, with the rapid technology boom taking place in the past decade, the media has started to take on a much more proactive role in regards to foreign policy. As articulated by Mark Rozell in Media Power, Media Politics, "the speed, reach and intensity of media coverage of foreign policy are relatively new" (Rozell 235). Technology has advanced at a lightning pace, compared to the fact that the television was just invented in 1926. As the years progressed, technology kept providing new inventions that made it easier and quicker to transfer data over increasing distances. From the telegraph to the internet, data transfer soon came to be instantaneous, covering thousands of miles a second, and made easy as a click of a button."
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Media and Foreign Policy, 1991.
This paper analyzes the influence of the media on the development and implementation of foreign policy.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"The media has an influence on the development and implementation of foreign policy just as it does on every other aspect of American political life. That influence may differ from situation to situation and may be seen as positive, negative, important, or negligible. However, it is clear that those in the foreign policy establishment know that the media has this role and that at times it can be manipulated to effect some change, just as at other times it will prove to have its own power to force a change or influence a decision."
Alexis de Tocqueville noted the influence of the media at a time when Americans were more unified and homogenized than they are today. De Tocqueville worried about excesses in collective action and behavior in society. He saw a nation of individuals gathered around a central authority and a central idea, and this is becoming less
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Foreign Policy, Media Diplomacy and Propaganda, 2006.
This paper examines the role of media diplomacy, public diplomacy and propaganda in the reporting of the meeting between the President of the United States and the Prime Minister of Israel on April 15, 2004.
1,068 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at several different reports of this event and analyzes how the use of media and public diplomacy, along with propaganda, shape the way in which news is actually reported. The paper discusses how the United States focused on the commitment to fighting terrorism as its outcome of the meeting, the Middle-East focused on the United States' public support of the continued oppression of the Palestinians while the United Kingdom saw it as another act of arrogance by the Bush administration and used it as an attack on its own Prime Minister. The paper shows how vastly different the reports of one event can be and what one event can mean to so many different people.
From the Paper
"Public and media diplomacy are closely related and often confused with each other. Public diplomacy is defined as a one-sided, usually half truthful communication designed to persuade public opinion where media diplomacy is essentially the same but uses a television medium to get the point across either locally or internationally. Many media and press outlets utilized this particular event to get their one-sided point across to the only audience that mattered, the one that was listening."
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Media Ownership, 2005.
This paper discusses the ownership of the media and looks at the control of information.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the one concern of all the mass media has been that people should buy products and services. The writer maintains that mass advertising has changed the shape of the media themselves, helping to concentrate ownership. Further the writer claims that the media want people as consumers, and nothing else really matters. It is also discussed that the owners of the media are able to make all the decisions, they also control the information that is received, and they need the public to consume.
From the Paper
"Ownership of the media is basically of two kinds. Private ownership means profit, but public ownership means that the government can interfere in the mass media. Also, mead ownership is a matter of conglomeration and concentration. The owners of the media are very rich and they have a great deal of political power. Trends today such as convergence are making it easier for the media to have even more money and power. The one concern of all the mass media has been that people should buy products and services. "Mass advertising has changed the shape of the media themselves, helping to concentrate ownership"."
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Ownership of the Mass Media, 2002.
This essay outlines the concept of mass media in general and the internet in particular.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the current status of the internet as a method of decentralizing ownership of the mass media, and of giving the power of reaching the masses to individual people; a power which has traditionally been monopolized and regulated by the mass media conglomerates.
From the Paper
"Traditionally, all of the Mass Media have been in the hands of the few and broadcast to the many, and the audience members were essentially voiceless in the face of the messages being presented. There have always been some movements of resistance against this, as is evidenced by Naomi Klein?s works on "Culture Jamming" but even she states that these movements have usually amounted to no more than a ?drop in a bucket.? However, there is one mass medium which has given the individual so much power that it has raised the ire of the major producers of entertainment content: The Internet. "
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The Media's Manipulation and Influence on Foreign Policy, 2002.
An analysis of the American media's effect on foreign policy making and the influences and propaganda behind it.
1,267 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 11 sources, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the media's influence on American foreign policy, focusing on the propaganda and influences, which rule the media. The paper illustrates how the media acts for the interests of the U.S. government and discusses the fact that the media is owned by corporations. The paper claims that the ensuing result is many serious and important events do not get reported and the concept of free press is an illusion.
Format: Chicago style
From the Paper
"Those who witnessed the atrocities of September 11, 2001 all over the world, and especially the United States, are not likely to forget the horrendous images. Every news channel played nonstop footage of planes crashing and buildings collapsing, smoke and flames, people screaming and jumping from buildings, and of course the inevitability that so many would be dead. There is no doubt that this event was a huge disaster and a horrible moment that will leave a mark in history as one of the worst terrorism acts. However, there are numerous catastrophic events, as well as deaths of individuals, that do not produce much of a response in the American media."
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Media Influence on American Foreign Policy, 1994.
Discusses extent to which mass media affects American foreign policy decisions.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"The mass media in America have an influence over nearly every aspect of American life, and there is no reason to believe that the development and implementation of American foreign policy should be any different. Bennett (1994) sees the media as intruding into the frame of world events and cites a number of instances in which the presence of the media has shaped the way foreign policy has been conducted. Dramatic examples are derived from military operations such as the Gulf War, Grenada, and Panama. Bennett also cites the vivid images on American television of the Tiananmen Square incidents in China in 1989 and the fact that 1992 images of starvation in Somalia forced the mobilization of an international humanitarian intervention by the U.S. military. Bennett looks at the Gulf War as showing how well the government can use the media to shape policy and to sell foreign policy. Bennett concludes.."
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Media, Policy and Cultural Identity in Canada, 2006.
A look at the measures undertaken by the Canadian government in order to maintain and promote a unique Canadian cultural identity.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of the Canadian cultural identity is the degree to which government policy and free enterprise economic principles converge and frequently collide in the field of the mass media. In large measure this is a consequence of Canada's geographic position next door to the world's last remaining superpower and predominant popular culture engine, the United States. This paper explores how the Canadian government, in order to maintain cultural distinctiveness in terms of national identity, has adopted a range of policies that promote the Canadian identity in the mass media and restrict the reach of foreign media and foreign media ownership.
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The Mass-Media Pygmalion, 2006.
This paper studies the complex relationship between consumers and the mass media. Do we create the media, or does the media create us?
1,208 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The author studies the give and take relationship between the media and our society to determine which is the cause and which is the effect. The author continues by showing a connection between the main icons of Western culture and the effects of the media. The fast food industry is highlighted and the author shows the great effects it has had on our trends and ideals, with conformity a notable outcome. After studying the diverse effects of our fast food culture today, the author concludes that only a corrupt society can allow the mass media such power.
From the Paper
"In the Classical Greco-Roman era, it was believed that Pygmalion, a sculptor, brought Galatea to life. However, today it seems to be a more common belief that Galatea creates Pygmalion. The question of whether members of our society create the media, or if the media influences members of the society to such a degree that it essentially creates the society, is a prominent one in the study of modern anthropology. Pop culture artifacts reveal a great deal about the modern society, including social trends, values, ideals, and more. The relationship between consumers and the mass media is a complex one that may not be simple enough to evaluate as a directional give-and-take diagram. There are many issues relating to social responsibility and the often clashing pursuits of individual wealth and greater good that come to play when discussing popular media, culture, and society."
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Chinese Media Industry, 2004.
A comparison of the Western media to the media industry in China.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper documents the shifts and changes that have shaped the media industry as to societal, political, organizational, or national influences in the formation, governance and processes within the media industry in China. Further, the paper focuses on elements, both in the historical sense and that of the present day, and attempts to determine what influences the political economy of the media industry. The paper examines the theories surrounding the political economy of communication and the culture industry in a theoretical framework. The paper explores the theories of political economy in media communications, while contrasting and comparing the Western media industry with that of the media industry in China.
From the Paper
"China entered into the World Trade Organization and gave rise to speculations that the world's largest media market might be much more easily accessible to publishers in the international media industry. The market economy in China is making gains however the media industry including the print remains in the governments hands which results in a product that is "forced-fed to all levels of governments offices, at a cost ultimately assumed by the taxpayers" (China Daily 2003) . In fact estimates for the taxes in China's media market are stated to be "16 to 20 billion a year. " (China Daily, 2003) Government spending pays approximately "6 to 10 billion Yuan" of that amount. (China Daily 2003) The media industry in China is under total government control with a very few foreign investors as well as private investors involved on the retail side of business."
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Media, Technology and Society, 2007.
An examination of the influence of the media on society today.
1,763 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the media is highly influential on society. The writer discusses how politicians depend heavily on the mass media as a way of reaching the public and explains the role of the mass media in foreign policy. Additionaly, the writer shows how media affects the development of new technology. The writer concludes that the media influences behavior through imitation and influences technology by helping determine what sorts of technology are wanted, what services are provided, and what products consumers seek.
From the Paper
"The media is very influential in society today and has been for decades. The nature of the media has changed over that time, from the beginnings of the mass media with national magazines and large city newspapers, continuing through the development of the motion picture, radio, and television, and today with new media such as the Internet. Changes in technology clearly affect the nature of the media, making new means of communication possible. The existing media affects technology as well, causing certain types of technology to be developed rather than others, with both the media and the technology carrying the media affecting society in a number of ways."
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