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The Crash of Arrow Airs DC-8 Flight December 12, 1985, 2002.
This paper investigates the cause of the crash of an American military plane in Ganders, Newfoundland in 1985.
1,835 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination and analysis of the facts presented by both the American and Canadian investigators regarding the crash of the Arrow Airs DC-8 in December 1985. The paper begins with a recap of the crash and the possible causes that were put forth by both countries which have held to their position that it was caused by ice on the wings of the plane. The author presents evidence that this crash was caused by an explosive device, planted by terrorists and goes into great detail as to the why this theory has been so carefully guarded by both governments. This paper raises several issues about the circumstances surrounding the crash including speculation that this was a deliberate act of terrorism and presents different reports about the events leading up to the plane's departure from Egypt. It also discusses the findings of aeronautical engineers who investigated the findings at the crash site and presents testimony from the government hearings held in both Canada and the United States.
From the Paper
"The 101st division was one of four divisions that made up the Multinational Force and Observers. The purpose of MFO was to operate checkpoints and conduct reconnaissance patrols along the international boundary lines. Every six months the troops were rotated. This was a massive undertaking and involved the cooperation of the Egyptians to insure that the utmost security precautions were taken (Sandford pg). However, from the moment the troops from the 101st were to depart from the Sinai, a sequence of events occurred that were far from normal procedure. Ras Nasrani airport had always been used as the airport of departure for the troops. But at the last minute Army officials were notified that Ras Nastrani airport could not accommodate large planes due to construction being conducted on the main runway. Therefore, the troops were flown by Egypt Air Boeing 737s to the Cairo International Airport."
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Air Crash Investigation, 2008.
An analysis of the statistics of commercial jet aircraft accidents and steps that have been taken to improve the safety of flying.
2,536 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines aircraft accidents and the way that they have always been scrutinized very carefully. It provides a statistical summary of commercial jet aircraft accidents and discusses improvements in technology that is designed to minimize aircraft accidents. The paper also looks at other steps that have been taken to improve the safety of flying in aircrafts.
Table of Contents:
Statistical Summary of Commercial Jet Aircraft Accidents
From the Paper
"Understanding the mean time between failure (MTBF) and the rate of failure of equipment in aircrafts in-depth can also be better modeled if history of the aircraft is known. Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) places great emphasis on analysis of historical data for identifying the schedule and planning the maintenance programs for any industry. As any computerized system offers the quickest and the most efficient manner of analyzing large quantities of data in the shortest possible time, any investment in the setting up of an on-line maintenance program monitoring system would prove to be beneficial for an aircraft operator. In addition, the connectivity that it provides would also help all other relevant interested parties in the process also monitor the aircraft as needed by law. The ability to replicate the functionality and simulate the actual operations and the subsequent maintenance requirements can also help decision makers identify problems and errors in the planning process."
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Air Pollution In Buenos Aires, 2006.
This brief, yet concise, paper examines the lack of regulations and enforcement capabilities in Buenos Aires which are the main contributing factors in the high levels of air pollution in the city.
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper describes the escalating air pollution problem in Buenos Aires, mostly due to the increase in poorly maintained automobiles that are permitted to operate. This paper examines the increase in mortality rates due to respiratory and circulatory diseases which are a direct result of declining air quality. This paper also discusses the various strategies that the government and environmental groups are considering instituting in the Argentinean capital, which include spot controlling of diesel vehicles as well as a training and awareness campaign.
Table of Contents:
Sources of Air Pollution In Buenos Aires
Emissions of Pollutants in Buenos Aires
Air Quality Monitoring in Buenos Aires
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"In 1988 estimated emissions of particulates were 68,000 tons per annum, stationary sources being responsible for 96% of emissions in the early eighties. These sources were given 5 years to comply with strict guidelines aimed at reducing emissions. The imposed reductions have been met by industry, however the particulate problem remains. Probably caused by the fleet of poorly maintained diesels. To resolve this problem several measures have been introduced including Spot control of diesel vehicles, certification of distributed diesel oils and a training and awareness campaign especially for truck, taxi and bus owners."
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Stock Market Crash of 1987, 2006.
This paper analyzes the stock market crash of 1987, by tracing its background, the events of the day in the financial markets and the effects of the crash on the U.S. and global economy.
3,847 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The writer of this well-researched paper compares the events of 1987 to those which occurred in 1926, which brought about the Great Depression. This paper examines the causes and consequences of the 1987 crash, while also discussing the policy responses to the event and its future implications. This paper analyzes the status of the stock market 5 years prior to the crash. From 1982-1987 the Dow Industrial Average had risen from 776 points in August 1982 to a record high of 2,722 points in August 1987. This paper delves into the warning signs that were evident, prior to the crash, yet were largely ignored, including a weakening U.S. dollar, a rising trade deficit, inflation and the first short term interest raise in 3 years by the Federal Reserve. The writer discusses how the crash not only affected the U.S. stock market, but markets around the world as well. This paper looks at the U.S. trade and budget deficits that rose steadily during the 1980s, which have also been blamed for the crash. This paper delves into how the Federal Reserve responded to the crash, while also examining the reform measures taken to prevent a similar disaster in the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background
An In-depth Look at the Crash
Causes of the Crash
Federal Reserve's Response
Reform Measures
Conclusion
Works Cited
From the Paper
"In the wake of the crash of 87 many analysts, including a presidential task force, laid the blame for the decline squarely on portfolio insurance. As evidence, they quoted the fact that portfolio insurance alone accounted for 12% of the selling in stock and index futures markets on October 19, 1987. According to the "blame portfolio insurance" theory, portfolio insurers came to the Monday's opening armed with an overhang of unexecuted sell orders from the accelerating decline of the previous week and placed large sell orders to initiate the decline in the market. From then onwards, as the market declined further during the day, the sell orders by the portfolio insurers kept on increasing to cater for their back log. To make matters worse, other investors who were not familiar with portfolio insurance, saw the declining prices and assumed that the selling was based on fundamentals and joined the queue of sellers; thus perpetuating the vicious circle."
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Air Pollution, 1993.
Discusses the nature of air pollution and of clean air, reviewing the major types and sources of air pollution.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"AIR POLLUTION
The question of what constitutes air pollution should begin with a definition of what constitutes clean air. Even clean air contains many substances other than oxygen and nitrogen, its major constituents, including rare gases such as argon, neon, and helium, as well as ozone, carbon dioxide, radioactive materials from the earth, and various nitrogen and sulfur compounds. The air would also contain variable amounts of water vapor and many suspended solid particles and liquid substances. Suspended materials known as aerosols are defined as dust particles and condensation nuclei, the latter consisting of chloride salts, sulfuric and nitrous acids, phosphorous compounds, and many other chemical substances. These nuclei have an affinity for water and ..."
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New Delhi's Air Pollution, 2006.
This paper examines the cause and effects of the air pollution problem in New Delhi as well as steps taken by the government to improve the city's air quality.
812 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the poor air quality in India's capital city New Delhi as well as the effects on its residents. Industry is by far the greatest contributor to New Delhi's poor air quality due to the emissions of suspended particulate matter, hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide. Another major contribution to the air quality was the population explosion which resulted in a dramatic increase in automobiles. The writer of this paper details the changes implemented by the government to improve New Delhi's air quality which include requiring catalytic converters on all vehicles as well as the banning of all leaded gasoline. Another positive change involved the conversion of the gas and diesel fueled city buses to compressed natural gas.
From the Paper
"As it is, the air quality in New Delhi has already had serious consequences for the city's population. "A World Bank study on the health effects of air pollution in Delhi revealed that [suspended particulate matter] in Delhi alone led to premature [the] death[s] of 7491 persons in 1991-1992." In fact, the problem is so widespread that India's privately-run Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute reports that "two of every five residents [of New Delhi] suffer from lung, liver, or genetic disorders due to highly-polluted air." Furthermore, children living in the city are up to three times more likely to suffer from respiratory disorders than children in other parts of India. However, those who are most at risk are people who work in close proximity to automobiles such as taxi drivers and blue-collar workers."
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Air Rage, 2001.
The paper discusses air rage to determine the causes and possible solutions to the problem. It also discusses the recent World Trade Center and Pentagon bombings and determines how that may affect air rage.
1,890 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Air rage is a major safety problem today. The author looks at the primary causes of air rage. These include: alcohol consumption, hypoxia, long-haul flights and cramped seating. The the author looks at the possible cures and consequences for air rage. Lastly, the author examines the World Trade Center and Pentagon disasters to show how air rage solutions could have helped prevent them.
From the Paper
"Air rage can best be defined as an action by anyone who fails to respect the rules and conduct onboard an aircraft, and includes that of any passenger who refuses to comply with the safety instructions while onboard the aircraft (Huang 2001). Air rage is more than a safety concern for the passenger, but also a significant safety concern for the airlines and the crew. In-flight incidents caused by enraged passengers involve various types of offenses including assault on crew members or other passengers, fights among intoxicated passengers, child molestation, sexual harassment, illegal consumption of drugs, refusal to stop smoking or consuming alcohol, and vandalizing seats or the cabin."
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Air Traffic Control 'Free Flight' System, 2004.
Compares the current air traffic control system with the newer air traffic control 'free flight' system.
1,217 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief overview of the ?free flight? system of air traffic control and compares it with the present air traffic control system. The paper also describes the limitations of the current air traffic system and then goes on to explain how the 'free flight' system promises efficiency and profitability for the airline industry.
From the Paper
"With more than 50,000 flights taking to the skies everyday the present US air traffic control system places increasing strain on the control room staff who have the responsibility of tracking, guiding and directing the pilots. Under the current system, the air traffic controllers resolve conflicts in airspace using radar signals and regulating traffic by means of adjusting the altitude and speed limit of the different flights. As James Coyne, president of the National Air Transportation Association, says, ?All of the information that flows to and from a pilot today in virtually all aircraft is done on a strictly single-voice channel, back and forth, with human beings actually saying all the words live. As anyone can imagine, that is an extremely inefficient way to convey data." [Jacques Leslie] Pilots are dependent upon the instructions from the control room to avoid conflicts and disaster in airspace. Once the aircraft is cleared by the departure controller and left the TRACON (terminal radar control) airspace, it is monitored enroute by the personnel in the ARTCC (Air Route Traffic Control Center) who continue to provide the pilots with the traffic, altitude and speed instructions. [Craig C. Freudenrich Ph.D] For most airways however, the stipulated altitude, route and speed restrictions do not contribute to optimal efficiency."
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Air Pollution, 2006.
An overview of the definition and effect of air pollution and what can be done to prevent it.
1,484 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the major sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial processes, and the burning of solid waste. It discusses how it has been been a growing problem since the advent of the Industrial Revolution and how the health problems from particulates and other pollutants in the air can be severe. In particular, it looks at how, since the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970, the United States has made significant strides in the control of air pollution.
Outline:
What Is Air Pollution?
History of Air Pollution
What Substances Pollute Our Air?
Health Problems
Status of Air Pollution in the U. S. Today
Future Directions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"By many accounts, ozone presents the most serious air quality problem in the United States. Ozone is not a particulate. However, particulates released into the atmosphere help create excess ozone. Ozone is formed by the interaction of ultraviolet rays of the sun and nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes called hydrocarbons. This reaction is called "phytochemical" and cannot occur without polluting emissions from power plants, industrial plants, and internal combustion engines from cars, trucks, and construction machinery (Whitman, 2005). Other sources include commonly used chemical compounds such as those used in paint or in dry cleaning plants (Whitman, 2005). These problems are often aggravated by summer's heat, and contribute to thousands of deaths every year in the United States (Whitman, 2005). "
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Air Pollution Control in Ann Arbor, 2006.
A look at regulatory efforts for fighting air pollution in the Ann Arbor region of Michigan and the implications of these regulations for fighting air pollution throughout the country.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 151.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the regulatory environment for air pollution and its control in the Ann Arbor region, noting that Ann Arbor is key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution.
From the Paper
"Air pollution affects the Ann Arbor region as it does other major cities, and Ann Arbor is also key to the fight against air pollution through the actions of the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory in the city. The organization provides a technical review of the issue and of the technical and regulatory issues involved in controlling emissions to reduce air pollution. This organization and researchers at the University of Michigan provide recommendations, expertise, and analysis for various governmental organizations at different levels across the country to address the regulatory issues raised by air pollution and the need to reduce it and its effects."
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The Economic Effects of Air Pollution, 2006.
A discussion regarding the economics of air pollution in developed and developing countries.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay deals with a number of economic issues raised by air pollution in developed and developing countries. The general argument is that although developed and developing countries have similar issues to deal with when it comes to air pollution, there are also important differences between the developed and developing countries in terms of air pollution. The paper goes on to say that the first major difference was the sources of air pollution. In developed countries air pollution mostly comes from motor vehicles like car, trucks and SUVs. In developing countries air pollution is coming from industrialization, car use and increasing energy consumption. In both developed and developing countries air pollution is a by-product of other economic activities.
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Air Pollution, 2002.
A discussion of individual action as a solution to preventing air pollution.
922 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to prove that contrary to what most people think, air pollution is not a complex problem that requires complex solutions, air pollution can actually be resolved through preventive measures and individual actions of the people in the society. It outlines what air pollution is and the several causes of why air pollution has developed and has increasingly worsened over the years. It evaluates the need for coordination of individual action due to the large amount of pollutants in the air which come from people who consume and make use of products that contain chemicals and substances. It concludes with preventative steps that every individual can carry out such as preventing the emission of gas pollutants and replacing standard light bulbs with energy-efficient fluorescent bulbs.
From the Paper
"The effects of air pollution ranges from changes in the geophysical composition and environmental balance of the planet to great danger in human health. Because of air pollution, water resources may decrease in amount, and when these happens, organisms and living things that thrive on these bodies of water will die or abandon the area, causing a disruption in the balance of nature, because other organisms may be dependent on the organisms that have left the area, and when this happens, a chain reaction will happen, and all other organisms will be left to die or suffer from the effects of air pollution."
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Air Pollution, 2002.
This paper discusses and analyzes air pollution strategies, specifically, looking at the ability to improve air quality.
715 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The author of this paper feels that the controlling of air pollution is not only a health problem but also an ethical issue. The paper discusses that the best solution seems to be the development of alternative fuels and technologies, which are not as harmful to the air, such as the hybrids and electrical cars that are affordable for everyone. The paper states that fluorocarbons, which are no longer necessary, must be banned around the world to prevent the loss of the ozone layer.
From the Paper
"Limiting the use of automobiles is one way to cut down harmful emissions that affect air quality but that seems like an entirely too stringent requirement for most Americans, who love their cars. The ethics of this are varied. Americans conceptually understand they need to stop driving as much to clean up the air, but they are unwilling to give up the convenience and prestige of their automobiles. The challenge is to design automobiles that will help air quality while still allowing Americans their beloved autos."
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?The Great Crash 1929?, 2002.
A review of the book ?The Great Crash 1929? by John Kenneth Galbraith.
1,047 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper shows how in his book "The Great Crash 1929", John Kenneth Galbraith, a leading economist, examines the meaning of the stock market crash of 1929 which has become a persistent fear for Wall Street ever since. It looks at the events leading up to the crash and details the aftermath. It compares recent downturns in the market today to the Great Crash and discusses how a crash such as the one that occurred in 1929 is simply impossible given the current structure of the market and of governmental and other controls. It analyzes how Galbraith finds that what happened in 1929 was not an isolated action and that earlier in history there had been other speculative splurges, beginning in 1637 when Dutch speculators invested in tulip bulbs.
From the Paper
"There were events prior to the Great Crash showing that the market might draw back. Galbraith cites one such in June of 1928 when in fact the death of the bull market was predicted, but this prediction was premature. Herbert Hoover would be elected President in 1929, and he had been concerned about the rising tide of speculation for some time. When he was Secretary of Commerce, he had tried to get the market under control. His attitude was kept secret, however, so his election did not cause the panic it would have otherwise. Ownership of property was rewarded by this time only in terms of an early rise in price. All other uses were irrelevant. Speculation in the market provided early returns and less responsibility, and people were buying stocks on margin so they could have the increase in price without the costs of ownership."
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Air Canada Article, 2005.
This paper is a critical commentary of an article entitled "Up in the Air" by Joe Chidley, which is about Air Canada.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Joe Chidley, editor of "Canadian Business" magazine, paints a pessimistic outlook for Air Canada's potential future fiscal success in his article "Up in the Air". The author is critical of Chidley's method of analysis. The paper stresses that, although the United States and Canada share a common border, business statistics relative to various industries should not be utilized when making pronouncements as to the potential success or failure of that industry.
From the Paper
"Joe Chidley, editor of Canadian Business magazine, paints a pessimistic outlook for Air Canada's potential future fiscal success in his article, "Up in the Air." While Childley relates a positive post-bankruptcy personal experience flying the Air Canada system, he does not offer any reasons for the airline becoming viable; instead he cites a litany of arguments pointing to the failure of both Air Canada and its parent company, ACE Aviation. Citing figures emanating primarily from the United States, Chidley notes the airline industry's consistent decline over the past several years and the added strain placed upon the industry post 9/11 with fears of terrorism via airliner. Though the United States and Canada share a border, business statistics relative to various industries should not be utilized when making pronouncements as to the potential success or failure of said industry."
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