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The Corruption of Wealth and Power, 2008.
An analysis of the theme of wealth and power as found in "The Revenger's Tragedy" by Cyril Tourneur and "Women Beware Women" by Thomas Middleton.
771 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the corruption of wealth and power in the early 17th century as is seen within the Elizabethan plays, "The Revenger's Tragedy" by Cyril Tourneur and "Women Beware Women" by Thomas Middleton. It discusses the central elements of the plays and shows how they define medieval elite society through an Elizabethan dramatic point of view.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, the two plays The Revenger's Tragedy by Cyril Tourneur and the Women Beware Women by Thomas Middleton represent a social commentary on wealth and power in the Middle Ages. Although these plays were written within the Elizabethan Era, the continuity of greed and disloyalty is a part of the behaviors of medieval aristocracy, which was mostly pervasive within England in the early 17th century. By examining the various characters in these two plays, the desire for wealth and power is the central social theme about medieval upper class culture that is brought forth by Tourneur and Middleton."
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Fighting Corruption and Global Management, 2005.
This paper unravels and examines the mechanics of corruption and the ways to fight it. It then offers solutions to the growing body of government and corporate organizations trying to fight it.
9,687 words (approx. 38.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how corporations must create a corporate culture that refuses bribe requests and establish clear corporate codes that employees unwaveringly adhere to. They must also assure managers that the company will back them when they refuse to pay. The paper explains that the potential, in terms of criminal liability, skewed relationships, lost contracts, disqualification from government contracts, loss of reputation is simply too great to ignore. Because bribery is illegal, it is conducted behind closed doors, with those involved expending time and resources to keep their secret. It discusses how companies also face the very real possibility of being pushed to pay more and more bribes as their reputation as a bribe-payer spreads. The writer argues that there are international trade implications surrounding corruption - corruption degrades markets, and increases transaction costs. Corruption also drastically affects economic development by causing a mis-allocation of resources. But more damaging is the fact that in endemically corrupt systems, regular people are not getting served by the government; they don't trust the government so they don't interact with the government. The paper concludes that third world countries suffer the most at the hand of corrupt business managers and politicians - as companies strive to eliminate corruption, economic globalization for all countries will no doubt improve.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Background of the Importance of Business Management
Direct Effect of Global Corruption on Business Management
The Emerging Global Anti-corruption of Management
Global Business Management Leadership Practices & Studies
Motorola
General Electric (GE)
Corruption in Third World Countries
Globalization in Third World Countries
Corruption and Business Management
Future Measures
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Increasing, in many parts of the world, companies and governments alike have recognized that corruption raises the costs and risks for doing business. Corruption has a corrosive impact on both market opportunities overseas and the broader business climate. During the last 10 years, dramatic new imperatives have emerged for companies to take action against corruption and bribery. Once viewed by many firms as an awkward but necessary requirement of doing business, corruption and bribery are emerging instead as a form of business malpractice. Corruption also deters foreign investment, stifles economic growth, and undermines legal and judicial systems. The risks of exposure have become greater, the costs of exposure more substantial, and a compelling body of evidence demonstrates that engaging in corruption and bribery damages company integrity, degrades the business environment, and fails to create enduring competitive advantage.
As a result of this problem, and to obtain a competitive advantage in the global markets of the twenty-first century, a growing number of businesses are taking proactive steps to detect and prevent corruption. With respect to the emerging international anti-corruption environment, the unifying concept in all of the global and regional processes is that effective action to prevent, detect, and punish corruption must be taken by each individual government and company. Leadership companies have responded to these imperatives by establishing comprehensive anti-corruption and bribery programs that include strong written policies, extensive training, and rigorous auditing and internal controls. In the later 1990's, a consensus emerged among businesses, governments, academics, and ordinary citizens that bribery and corruption are not defensible in either economic or cultural terms. Recent times have shed light on a number of companies that have experienced serious corruption and bribery incidents and have suffered reputation damage and enforcement actions as a result."
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Government Corruption, 2004.
An analysis of the political and economic impact of government corruption.
1,411 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
Government corruption can have wide-ranging and far-reaching negative effects on both the political and economic development of any country. This paper explores the effects of government corruption in Europe, including the country of Greece, and looks at how the more common effects of government corruption include a sluggish economy where resources are diverted away from societal projects toward government operations. It also examines how widespread government corruption can also discourage domestic and foreign investment, as has been the case in many European countries, including Greece.
Outline
Introduction
Corruption: An Overview
What Causes Corruption?
Direct Effects of Corruption on Politics and the Economy
Conclusions
From the Paper
"When corruption is tolerated within an economy it can also have negative effects on the political and economic development. For example, government corruption can shift government spending from positive growth and social affairs toward spending on unnecessary programs or low quality investments related to the infrastructure of the government (Mikessel, 1995:65). Government officials often take bribes that persuade them to spend money on low quality investments that are beneficial for personal gain rather than the gain of the country or economy as a whole."
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Political Corruption, 2007.
A review of the world's most politically corrupt nations, based upon the 2005 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI).
1,238 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses political corruption. The paper uses the 2005 Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) as a guide to the world's most corrupt nations. According to the paper, the country believed to be the most corrupt nation of all, is Haiti. The paper also examines the issues surrounding political corruption in Norway and goes on to review the solvency in each nation and its relationship / linkage to political corruption.
From the Paper
"NORWAY: Norway is ranked #8 on the CPI, behind Iceland, Finland, Denmark, Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland. The CIA World Factbook records that in the 1960s, Norway discovered oil and gas in its offshore waters, which was a welcome addition to its list of plentiful natural resources (iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, titanium, pyrites, nickel, fish, timber and hydropower). Whereas in Haiti natural disasters come in the form of powerful hurricanes, in Norway there are far less destructive "rockslides" and "avalanches," the CIA explains. Also, as far as trade, Norway has the advantage of being "adjacent to sea lanes and air routes" in the North Atlantic region. "
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Political Corruption, 2004.
The effect and reasons behind corruption in politics today.
2,054 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
In today?s world, where there has been an emergence of global markets, the issue of political corruption needs to be the focus of the international community. Various countries have fallen victim to political corruption; though the type and extent of corruption may vary from system to system, none are safe from political corruption. This paper discusses and reviews several theories that have been offered on the issue of political corruption. Using comparative analysis, it examines political systems prone to corruption and, more importantly, refutes any excuses for the use of political corruption.
From the Paper
"?All the crows in the world are black.? A common Chinese proverb, this statement metaphorically communicates the impact that political corruption has left on society. Though corruption and its many forms are ancient, the study its self ?is primary a late twentieth century phenomenon.? As more and more people join the war against corruption, numerous theories and/or opinions (myths) are continually introduced. It is the media?s job to convey the ?hows? and ?whys? of political corruption, which can sometimes be quite overwhelming for most people. Many academics and scholar alike have been generous in offering their definitions of political corruption. Some have argued that there is in fact no true or false definition. As Robert J. Williams puts it, ?A definition of corruption, or anything else, is like a proposal of marriage; it may be accepted or rejected but the proposal itself cannot, in any meaningful sense, be said to be true or false.? "
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Factors affecting Corruption, 2006.
An analysis of the empirical data regarding factors that affect corruption and an evaluation of the cost of corruption on the economy.
3,136 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper hypothesizes that education levels, GDP in purchasing power parity terms, healthy life expectancy (HALE), rate of unemployment, the total fertility rate (TFR) and openness of a country to foreign trade affect the corruption index of a country. The paper then makes an effort to analyze the effects of these variables on CPI quantitatively and to draw the appropriate inferences.
Table of Contents
Overview of the Linkages
Summary and Policy Implications
Annexure
From the Paper
"Corruption has been defined in many ways. However, an often quoted definition of corruption is one by Nye, which considers corruption "...a behavior which deviates from the normal duties of a public role because of private-regarding pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private-regarding influence"(Nye,1967). However, this paper uses the definition of the Transparency International (TI) who has defined corruption as the abuse of public office for private gain. The surveys used in compiling the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) tend to ask questions in line with the misuse of public power for private benefit, with a focus for example, on bribe-taking by public officials in public procurement. The sources do not distinguish between administrative and political corruption. The CPI used in this paper is the latest available CPI, 2003 published by the Transparency International. Using formal and empirical approaches several authors show that corruption detracts investors, reduces the productivity of public expenditures, distorts the allocation of resources and thus lowers economic growth. These findings are reflected in the strategies of most of the international organizations like World Bank, IMF, United Nations Anticorruption Treaty (2003) etc. Corruption is not restricted to developing countries only. However, a number of studies have revealed that rich countries generally have lesser degree of corruption in public life than the poorer nations. Corruption is not a new phenomenon. However, with the evolution, rising independence & increased public access of different forms of media, especially in the last three decades, the cases of corruptions are reported more. This has increased awareness among the citizens about corruption. In many societies, corruption exacts heavy economic costs, distorts the operation of free markets, slows down economic development and destroys the ability of institutions and bureaucracies to deliver the services that society may expect. Corruption also has an adverse influence in reducing poverty because it diverts resources from the poor to the rich. A study has found that a one standard deviation (2.38 point) improvement in the corruption index is associated with over a 4% increase in a country's investment rate and over a half percentage point increase in the per capita growth rate. The study by Gopal J. Yadav (2005) hypothesized that the level of corruption would be lower in a country with higher per capita income, higher level of education and greater exposure to other nations. This paper hypothesizes that Education levels, GDP in Purchasing Power Parity terms, healthy life expectancy (HALE), rate of unemployment, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and openness of a country to foreign trade affect the corruption index of a country. However, interdependence of some of these variables cannot be ruled out. Data relating to 77 countries across the globe were available for analysis. This paper makes an effort to analyze the effects of these variables on CPI quantitatively and draws inferences."
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Police Corruption, 2006.
A discussion of police corruption, it's causes and how to fight it.
1,273 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper examines police corruption, the abuse of police authority for personal gain or advantage. The paper describes police corruption as criminal activities, such as drug trafficking, money laundering, and police violence, accepting bribes and overlooking crimes when they involve family or friends. The paper further examines how police corruption may also involve depriving citizens of their legal rights. These actions include discriminating against minorities, unlawful searches, sexual assault, and deliberate fabrication of evidence. The paper discusses case studies of investigations into police corruption, and concludes that the fight against corruption is likely to be a long one as police corruption is prevalent in today's society.
From the Paper
"Police corruption is often seen as a victimless crime because the victim is a neighborhood rather than an individual. In many cases, most of the attention goes to the officers who are guilty of corruption, rather than the psychological and social effects police corruption has on the victims and their communities."
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Egypt: Corruption and Underdevelopment, 2005.
An analysis of the effect of globalization and political corruption on Egypt.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how understanding the extent of corruption, as it has been exposed by globalization, is important because it allows us to better understand consistent underdevelopment in Third World nations, such as Egypt. It shows how an analysis of financial corruption in Egypt and the country's resistance to change versus the efforts toward the political and economic reform of the country by external powers, underscores that the country's problem is not economic poverty, but corruption and misuse of foreign aid funds and national resources. After establishing the connection between globalization and corruption, the main argument is that the high level of corruption in a country like Egypt proves the necessity of enforcing international anti-corruption laws, thus, removing a significant obstacle to development.
From the Paper
"In "Politics of Corruption," Patrick Fitzsimons discusses corruption within the framework of globalization. He begins his article by referring to the characteristics and concerns of the new global economic and political system, from the concern with multiculturalism, to terrorism, to economic liberalism, and notes the meaning and importance of these new concepts and concerns. According to Fitzsimmons' argument, their importance lies in the fact that they effectively define the thoughts and ideologies of the current political and economic environment."
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Corruption in China's Reform, 2005.
This paper discusses corruption as a structural issue in China's reform era.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer examines the subject of corruption in China. The writer demonstrates that corruption can be shown as a structural issue. The writer suggests corruption arose due to the transition at the time of the reform into the new China. The writer notes that the contradictions inherent in this transition can be seen to have been the causes of the corruption that now runs rampant in China. Further, the writer claims that the extent of the corruption problem in China is reflected by the enormous economic disparities that are emerging.
From the Paper
"It is widely acknowledged, both within China and outside of it, that corruption is rampant in China. This is often perceived as primarily a cultural or moral issue. However, it can be shown that corruption is a structural issue. It has emerged because of the reform-era transition from the old China to the new China."
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Police Corruption, 2004.
A discussion of the continuing problem of corruption in the police force.
1,686 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues concerning police corruption, usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill personal needs or wants. It looks at how the police these days are committing illegal acts that range from drugs to stealing money and how the majority of the police corruption is external corruption, which involves the public. It shows how the police agency should be the main source of controlling its own corruption problem and how it also requires some support and assistance from the local community.
From the Paper
"Some people in smaller cities think that corruption is gradually decreasing, but they do not see where the majority of the corruption is happening: big cities such as New York, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C., etc. For instance, New York has had more than half a dozen major scandals concerning its police department over the past few decades. It was the Knapp Commission in 1972 that first brought attention to the NYPD when they released the results of over 2 years of investigations of alleged corruption. The findings were that bribery, especially among narcotics officers, was extremely high. As a result many officers were prosecuted and many more lost their jobs."
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Corruption and Integrity, 2008.
This paper explores the varying corruption levels in four countries on the Asian continent.
1,915 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the yearly Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) of Transparency International that is a good benchmark of the corruption levels in countries around the world. The paper focuses on Asia's two least corrupt/high integrity countries, Singapore and Japan, and Asia's two most corrupt/low integrity countries, the Philippines and Myanmar. The paper explores the disparities in their CPI and explains that if there truly is political will, like in Japan and Singapore, corruption can be curbed. The paper then contrasts this to the Philippines and Myanmar where those in power aim just to propagate their power legacy and enrich their pockets at the expense of those they are supposed to govern.
From the Paper
"Globalization is not a truly new phenomenon in this day and age but rather has been with us since time immemorial. In fact, globalization is part and parcel of mankind's history since traders and merchants roam the land or sail the Seven Seas in search of unique goods or to trade/barter with others in far off lands. The difference with globalization then and now is the time and speed factors. Whereas before it could take months or years to travel and perform commercial activities with other nations; nowadays, it could be done in a matter of days, hours, minutes or even seconds. Thus, globalization changes the playing filed and the rules but throughout history, one constant has remained the same - corruption!"
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Corruption in Schools, 2006.
A discussion regarding the level of corruption in educational institutions.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how over the last decade there has been much discussion about the issue of corruption in the public schools. Arrests, grand jury indictments and massive financial audits have occurred in order to attack this problem across the nation. The paper further discusses how while there are those that suggest that corruption is only made to be such a gigantic problem because of media involvement in specific events, the evidence indicates that corruption is a national problem. Snell (2004) reported that the Roslyn School District of Long Island, New York first identified a national issue related to corruption in the public schools (sec. 1). At the Roslyn School District the "former school superintendent Frank A. Tassone and senior administrator Pamela C. Gluckin were each charged recently with stealing more than $1 million from the district".
From the Paper
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Police Corruption, 2006.
An examination of corruption in the police department.
964 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the several theories of police corruption. It explains that the integrity of the criminal justice system is built on a foundation of faith and that public trust is paramount, and corruption by one or two "bad apples" is nearly as destructive to the system as pervasive corruption. The paper discusses the measures that can be taken to restore and preserve the public trust in the police department, and the system at large. The paper concludes that the reliance upon the rule of law to keep society functioning requires the guardians of the system to be of the highest integrity and corruption among those sworn to protect the public diminish the system.
From the Paper
"Thus, the "rotten-apple" theory is comforting, there are only a few corrupt individuals spoiling it for all of those that are good and honest. Fortunately, this comfortable construct is reality, public opinion polls support the notion that police officers are persons of integrity, and can be depended upon to protect the citizenry from the criminal element. When the public is made aware of corruption in the police department through the media, the stories often revolve around one or two officers, or a small group of officers. Rarely do the stories relate to a systemic problem of widespread corruption. However, with each of these incidents a need for reform is put forward with a degree of urgency more compatible with a department run like an organized crime syndicate rather than measures need to be taken to prevent a few more apples from rotting."
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Corruption in Governments, 2006.
A discussion regarding the corruption of public officials and the political process in Canada, Mexico and the United States.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a brief discussion of political corruption and its corrosive effects upon three nations: Canada, the United States and Mexico. The paper looks at the background situation in each land as well as the impact of corruption upon each. Finally, the paper also offers some possible solutions that might allow each nation to escape from under the cloud of political corruption and dishonesty. In the end, it emphasises that a corrupt political system ultimately means a dangerously dysfunctional democratic one.
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Corruption and Politics, 2006.
A discussion regarding how corruption makes victims of innocents.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the idea that there can be little doubt that corruption is a serious problem which affects many people on many different levels, economically, socially and certainly politically. The paper briefly reviews the human toll associated with political corruption along with providing a thumbnail sketch of how this writer knowledge of corruption has altered the way he views politics. The paper further explores how this now rather jaded view of politics impacts his political participation and impacts also the political participation of others.
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