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Correctional Counselors, 2002.
An overview of correctional counselling as a career choice.
1,907 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
Therapists who enter the prison system are often new and eager to make a difference in the world. They often go in eager, get burned, get angry and then settle into middle ground if they are going to survive as a prison therapist. This paper presents a detailed examination of correctional counselors and their jobs. The writer explores why they come into the job, what their initial efforts are and what happens after the honeymoon phase is over. The writer also explores the punitive attitude the counselors often develop toward their clients after they discover prisoners have manipulated them.
From the Paper
"This lasts a while until the counselor begins to recognize that they are being manipulated and at times intimidated by those they are charged with helping. Many inmates are master manipulators and they have spent years honing their lying and conning skills on others who are experts as well. When a new and eager therapist enters the institution the prisoners see a chance to play games, get out of work duty, get some undivided attention and get some favors. It is not uncommon for a prisoner to manipulate a therapist into suggesting to the warden that the inmate needs certain things to help with his or her emotional health. The initial euphoria ends as the therapist begins to understand that he or she has been taken for a ride."
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Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute, 2006.
A review of the problems facing the staff working in a correctional institution.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the difficulties when working in a correctional institution. Correctional officers are in daily contact with murders, rapists and other violent offenders. It is often necessary for such facilities to expand, or to bring in more inmates, simply because of the nature of today's society. The paper reports that these needs put increased pressure on an already strained support system. Correctional officers are often underpaid and turnover can be high in correctional facilities. Desert View Modified Community Correctional Institute has such a need to expand; however, the high rate of turnover among the correctional officers, in conjunction with the difficulty in hiring new officers, makes it difficult to maintain the staff needed for such an expansion. Such difficulty would make an expansion difficult and unsafe for the community.
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Ethical Issues of Counselors, 2005.
This paper examines the intensely personal relationship between patient and counselors, which renders these professionals prone to complicated ethical dilemmas.
1,200 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while, the majority of psychologists and counselors would never intentionally harm their clients, they are often put in positions in which the morally correct answer is not entirely cut and dry. The author points out that, in these instances of ethical ambiguity, counselors must make snap decisions in which no action is entirely without its drawback; furthermore, counseling is not an exact science and therefore the counselor must be careful not to do more harm than good. The paper relates that many psychological counselors take a risk management approach to their practice because counselors are constantly faced with situations that challenge their ethics and must always be wary of even the appearance of acting in an unethical manner.
From the Paper
"These situations may apply to a broad range of aspects of the counselor's practice. For instance, a counselor may face an ethical dilemma on a strictly professional level. For example, if the counselor went of vacation and left the hiring of an office assistant to his partners, only to return to discover that the person hired was a former client. This situation may or may not present a professional conflict of interest. There are also situations in which the ethical dilemma is more on a personal level. For example, if the counselor's sister had a troubled son who refused to be counseled by anyone but the counselor himself. This situation would have the potential to have lasting repercussions on the relationships between the counselor and his nephew and sister. A counselor may also face ethical dilemmas which challenge the relationship with the client. For example, a female client who is so overcome by the excitement of having just passed the bar exam comes toward the counselor with open arms and lips puckered. On the one hand, the counselor would want to validate the client's excitement while at the same time avoiding doing anything that might be misconstrued at a later time. Counselors may also be faced with situations that could have legal repercussions."
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Stress and Burnout Among Correctional Officers, 2004.
A review of literature focusing on the stress and burnout experienced by correctional officers.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth review of literature looking at the effects and causes of stress among correctional officers. The paper examines literature discussing the theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers.
From the Paper
"Specifically, this chapter will include theories of stress and burnout, stress among correctional officers, effects of stress on correctional officers, job satisfaction and turnover among correctional officers and a summary of the chapter. Job related stress has been associated with a vast array of physical diseases and psychological disorders and has been..."
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Correctional Staff Sexual Misconduct, 2007.
This paper analyzes the problem of correctional staff sexual misconduct in the United States from several different viewpoints.
2,625 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer notes that the issue of staff-on-inmate sexual misconduct remains a prevalent problem within the United States correctional system. The writer points out that there is a vast amount of research on the topic that has triggered the passage of new laws as well as placed a greater focus on the need for correctional facility officials and the Department of Justice to take actions to put an end to the abuse. The writer offers solutions to this increasing problem. The writer concludes that it appears that correctional administration and prison staff clearly have their work cut out for them if they want to achieve a safer and fairer modern correctional system.
From the Paper
"Although somewhat recognized as a problem, sexual abuse within the prison system did not seem to occur as frequently as the later research tends to reveal. For example, by the early 1980s, it became increasingly noticeable that sexual abuse by those in a supervisory type position tended to be strategic, and that such formulations implied the presence of cognitive processes that allow offenders to simultaneously overcome their own inhibitions and the resistance of the victim. Ferund was among the first to explicitly acknowledge the role of cognition in explaining sexual abuse. He argued that sexual offenders had to overcome both internal and external inhibitions as well as the resistance of the victim in order for abuse to occur. According to his research, these offenders had to find a way to avoid taking responsibility for or to deny the harmfulness of behaviors that they would otherwise recognize as abusive. In general, researchers theorized that prison guards idealized the fact that they were in control over an unworthy population, and that such cruel treatment as sexual abuse was deserved by this population."
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Family and Relationship Counselors: Techniques and Issues, 2000.
Interviews and research into the profession of Family and Relationship Counselors.
3,450 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
An examination into what it takes to become a family and relationship counselor. Several articles are analyzed dealing with the issues and techniques that counselors in this field cope with and use. Systems theory and interpersonal conflict theory are two of the techniques that can be used. The paper addresses one of the issues that clergy are used so often as a means of psychotherapy that psychologists and the clergy should work together to help more people. Another issue addressed is that of counselor ethics. It is becoming a more mandated practice to report any type of child abuse, thus breaking confidentiality and possibly harming the client-therapist relationship. The writer interviews Tim Klopfenstein about his position as a counselor. He shows how this professional wants to help people, but warns that a counselor should know how to help him/herself first.
From the Paper
"Because I plan on pursuing a career in family and relationship counseling I figured that researching what it is that these counselors have to deal with and think about would be productive to achieving my goals. Without actually experiencing what it is that family and relationship counselors do every day, I will never know if I am "compatible" with that career. However, reading articles and studies about the issues they face and the techniques they use and talking to a person in the profession gave me a vague idea of what I am getting myself into."
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Secondary School Counselors, 2002.
A study into the changes needed to improve the role and use of counselors in secondary schools.
3,814 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper is a copy of a project aimed at improving the significance of high school counselors. The paper explores a manual for secondary school counselors, which will identify and streamline tasks, meaning that counselors will be provided with a clear manual that describes how much time should be spent meeting the individual needs of secondary school students through face-to-face meetings and how much time should be spent doing administrative tasks in the office.
From the Paper
"This lack of a consistent and a clearly defined role for counselors may also have contributed to the reduction in counseling time and increased counseling ratios. According to Meston (2003), the variations in job duties may have led some district and school administrators to question why some tasks have to be done by counselors, as many tasks are being done by other, often less expensive, employees in the schools. The concerns expressed by counsellors, therefore, are less a united voice reacting against a single complaint, and more a collection of individual concerns aimed at protecting individual interpretations of their role as counselors."
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A Modern Correctional Facility, 2006.
This paper suggests a design of correctional facilities that would solve the present problems.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that correctional facilities do not work as intended. In part, this failure could be blamed on prison overcrowding. The paper explains that related to this issue is that of insufficient coverage by correctional officers. A third potentially related issue is the failure of our correctional facilities lack of funding to provide adequate room and personnel to oversee all prisoners in the system. The paper considers that a solution to this problem would seem twofold.
From the Paper
"Additional beds are needed to house inmates produced by current sentencing guidelines. In addition, additional funding in the system would assist both with the housing and the personnel coverage. It has been suggested in the past that privatization of the correctional system would be of assistance with both issues. For that reason, this suggested design will be intended to address these needs with a facility built using private funds. Privatizing correctional facilities is not new."
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Correctional Systems, 2002.
The role of correctional systems and the purpose of punishment.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the correctional systems and the purpose they serve. It then describes the correctional system and explains what purpose they serve for society. .
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School Counselors, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of ethical dilemmas faced by school counselors.
6,372 words (approx. 25.5 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 148.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates what sorts of ethical dilemmas are currently being faced by school counselors and also what sort of approaches to solving them they have been trained to use. It examines the issue in terms of how it relates to school counselors, students and parents and considers the immense potential for harm vs. the immense potential for abrogation of civil rights.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One--Introduction
Statement of The Problem
Purpose of The Study
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Rationale of Study
Limitations of Study
Definitions
Chapter Two--Literature Review
Definitions of Ethics and Morals
The state of The Research on Counseling Ethics
Most Common Ethical Dilemmas and Failures
Confidentiality and Minors in Counseling Situations
Chapter Three--Methodology
Research Questions
Hypotheses
Participants
Data Collection
Data Analysis
From the Paper
"Mehrhof, Hawes and Ermler (1996) surveyed middle school and secondary school physical education teachers in Kansas, Minnesota, Iowa and Nebraska concerning the educators' perceptions of assistance needed by students and sought from the physical education teacher. Mehrhoff, Hawes and Ermler's results indicated that the most frequent requests for counseling were in the areas of student conflict (98 percent), boyfriend/girlfriend issues (87 percent) and conflicts with parents (87 percent). The three least likely areas for students to request help were with birth control methods (58 percent), criminal behavior (58 percent) and suicidal thoughts (56 percent)."
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Correctional Staff Work and Family Conflict, 2008.
This paper analyzes a study of possible antecedents of correctional staff work on family conflict.
1,504 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews a study done on one mid-western correctional facility that explored the possible antecedents of correctional staff work on family conflict. The paper examines the measures of validity and reliability, as well as proposed changes in methodology for increased validity and reliability. The paper also looks at methodology for the reliability of future studies.
Outline:
Part 1: Validity and Reliability in General
Face Validity
Content Validity
Criterion Validity
Predictive Validity
Construct Validity
Alternate-Forms Reliability
Inter-observer Reliability
Inter-item Reliability
Part 2: Improvements in Reliability and Validity
Replication of the Study
From the Paper
"Self reporting studies are inherently, unless carefully crafted, in the areas of validity and reliability. When reviewing validity, the three measurement areas of idiosyncratic individual errors, generic individual errors, and method factors are all difficult to overcome in self reported studies. The perception of self and of surroundings can be as varied as the individuals self reporting the results to the researchers. Further, the motivation to be completely accurate and candid with the researchers is not evident, especially in this case where the researchers were paying for the results. The researchers chose to study only one correctional facility, and of the 450 possible respondents, received only 275 responses. (Lambert & Hogan, 2006, p.21) These factors lead to the low levels of validity and reliability further explored below."
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Correctional Officers and the Death Penalty, 2007.
An argument in favor of capital punishment against criminals who murder correctional officers in prison.
1,139 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
The paper presents arguments regarding the morality and legality of the death penalty and argues briefly for its continued presence within the fabric of the contemporary United States justice system. The paper examines the enforcement of the death penalty in the different states and reasons for its use. The paper demonstrates the importance of maintaining the deterrence of correctional officers who face the risk of murder from incarcerated inmates.
Outline:
Overview
The Death Penalty in the United States
Reasons for the Death Penalty
Why Correctional Officers in Prison are Analogous to Police Officers
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The U.S. Constitution forbids cruel and unusual punishment. What constitutes cruel and unusual punishment is a subjective idea, and has evolved over the course of world and American history, both legally and in terms of public opinion. The appropriateness of punishment is something that evolves in dialogue with the law courts of the land and also in terms of what people believe is fair punishment. At present, the U.S. Supreme Court has affirmed the constitutionality of the death penalty, provided that it is enforced in a fair and equitable manner, and the majority of the United States citizenry has supports the death penalty. Support is growing, rather than sinking. "Support reached an all-time low of 42% in 1966. Throughout the 70s and 80s, the percentage of Americans in favor of the death penalty increased steadily, culminating in an 80% approval rating in 1994"."
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Ohio Correctional System, 2005.
A position paper on the philosophy guiding the punishments used in the Ohio correctional system.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This position statement examines the appropriate use of punishment in the Ohio Correctional System. The writer proposes that it is an accepted fact that correctional systems must use some form of punishment, but the reasons for using punishments are extremely diverse in their intents and purposes. The paper discusses how arguments can be made in favor of using punishment as a means of retribution for crimes committed, incapacitation of the prisoner when in the system, creating physical and psychological forms of deterrence, helping form an environment of restorative justice, and rehabilitation of the prisoner's existing behavior.
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Licensed Counselors and Substance Abuse, 2007.
This paper discusses the professionalism required of licensed counselors according to the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics.
3,962 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the professional requirements for substance abuse counselors, their responsibilities and the standards they must uphold. These guidelines are based on the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics, which is presented in the paper. The writer points out that substance abuse counseling is a serious and responsible task, and that the counselor must never attempt to misuse his position and take advantage of the situation in order to seek gains for himself. He must follow the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics with the utmost sincerity and caution.
From the Paper
"Counselors must also make sure that they utilize the profession of counseling, and also practice it in such a manner that dignity and respect for the human race is kept in mind at all times, and is therefore, promoted. It must be noted that the Code of Ethics starts with a small introductory passage, in which the issue of what counselors must do in order to maintain discipline and behavior in their profession is discussed. If further goes on to state that when counselors are faced with certain ethical dilemmas that they may find difficult to resolve at that particular time, then they must perforce engage in a "carefully considered decision making process", so that they may be able to find an appropriate solution to the problem at hand. Since it is a fact that everyone has different opinions about one topic, and that there may as many different opinions as here are counselors, there is no specific decision making model that can be deemed the best or the most effective; counselors, according to the American Counselors Association are therefore expected to familiarize themselves with a credible model of decision making that would be able to stand on its own while under public scrutiny. (ACA Code of Ethics: The ACA Governing Council)"
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Crisis in the American Correctional System, 2006.
An examination of challenges in the U.S. correctional system, such as overcrowding and high client caseloads.
1,805 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes key issues preventing the correctional system in the United States from being effective in its goals to reduce crime and recidivism rates. It describes the problems with overcrowding, high client caseloads and the lack of offender change resulting from a lack of effective educational, vocational and rehabilitative programs available to inmates during their incarceration. The paper focuses on potential solutions to these problems, such as the possible benefits of a shift to a more rehabilitative model of corrections.
From the Paper
"The "crisis in corrections" is not due to one single issue but rather the culmination of several, interrelated issues that have persisted in the field of corrections. Each of these issues is precipitated by the others, in a cycle of ignorance and misguided acceptance. Historical changes in sentencing policies and prison procedures and a current lack of awareness and motivation for change have resulted in a systemic crisis of serious overcrowding, a lack of effective programming and assistance for current and released inmates, and a high rate of recidivism."
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