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Copyright Laws and Napster, 2002.
Examining the Napster law suit - the forced closure of a company which provided technology for internet users to share music files.
2,204 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the Napster lawsuit while providing a brief summary of copyright protection laws and legislation. It explores the concept of file sharing technology in general and how this related to Napster Inc. in particular. It takes a look at the Napster court case and all the details surrounding this legal issue. It concludes with an examination of the RIAA's (Recording Industry Association of America) response to copyright infringement.
From the Paper
"In today?s information based world, one confrontational issue is the idea of copyright protection and how it is applied to the Internet. With the invention of the Internet and the World Wide Web, sharing files and intellectual properties amongst thousands if not millions of people became much easier. However, one problem that has been associated with this mass distribution of copyright material is the question of who holds the sole ownership of these intellectual properties. Recently, file sharing utilities such as Imesh, Scour, and most notably Napster have come under fire for infringing on copyright laws and regulations. One important ethical and legal question that has been raised is, who holds the rights to these properties. On the plaintiffs side they argue that the original creator of these intellectual properties holds the copyright and is the only one that can determine how and where these properties will be used. On the defendants side they argue that they are nothing more than a file sharing utility. Napster states that they provide a service to people to share files. Napster?s argument is that they cannot be held responsible if their users engage in illegal copyright infringement and that Napster should not be held liable. However the Recording industry of America feels that Napster is nothing more than a tool, which makes the lucrative industry of copyright infringement easier."
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Copyright Law in a Digital Age, 2002.
An examination of the impact that the digital revolution has had upon the evolution of U.S. copyright laws.
3,964 words (approx. 15.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 107.95
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Abstract
This paper examines in the way in which technological advances, particularly the development of the Internet, have revolutionized the field of intellectual property and copyright law in the United States. It provides a historical overview of the U.S. copyright laws and a synopsis and evaluation of the most recent legal trends in the light of some watershed technology cases, such as TotalNews and Napster. It also details the evolution of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and provides an analysis of its benefits and its shortcomings.
From the Paper
"The recording companies answered Napster?s claims point by point. They maintained that even though Napster did not copy unauthorized MP3s itself, it encouraged piracy through the listing of available connections designed to transfer copyrighted materials illegally and therefore should be found guilty of copyright infringement. Napster also had not adhered to procedural guidelines established for service providers and could not claim protection under the exceptions for service providers. The recording companies argued that any legitimate uses of Napster were irrelevant because ?the chief and perhaps only reason that users signed up to Napster was the lure
of easy access to free pirate recordings? (Litman 160). The judge agreed with the record industry on all issues and ordered Napster to redesign its servers to block access to music files by major record labels or shut down completely. Napster?s servers are still currently disabled as it seeks to filter out unauthorized copyrighted material (Litman 160-1)."
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Napster and Copyright Infringement, 2002.
This paper focuses on the Napster's conflict with the recording companies over copyright infringements
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
Music piracy is one of the most major concerns of the music industry as it enters the digital world. With the number of Internet users increasing, free music is being reproduced and distributed illegally as the musicians are not paid a dime for their creative activity. Napster has also been held guilty of contributing to the problem of piracy.
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Copyright Infringement On The Internet, 2002.
Defines copyright law.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Defines copyright law. Discusses potential liability of third parties such as Web hosts and Internet Service Providers (ISP). English/American history of copyright law from books, to music, movies, Internet. Difficulty of enforcing copyright on regarding Internet. Issue of photocopying. Contributory infringement. Secondary infringement. Current copyright law. Court cases. Napster.
From the Paper
"In less than a decade, the Internet has gone from a little-known novelty used by computer scientists into a ubiquitous tool throughout America and the world. This growth can be attributed, in large part, to the fact that the American government adopted a laissez-faire approach, which allowed Internet users to create and define the medium. That lack of regulation, however, also has created tremendous opportunities for abuse, especially of copyrights. This paper will examine the issue of copyright infringement on the Internet, and the potential liability of third parties, such as Web hosts and Internet Service Providers (ISP).
Copyright is exactly that-the right to copy a given work. At its birth more than 300 years ago, it referred only to written work.. Indeed, even today, written works are what spring to mind when ..."
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Copyright Infringement, 2001.
A report on Internet copyright law in light of file sharing services.
1,925 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This research paper describes to the average internet user the possible abuse of copyright laws. The paper investigates the legality of companies such as Napster, which is organized downloading or file sharing services. It states the basic goals of copyright law and looks at new technologies, such as MP3 players.
From the Paper
"When an artist writes a song or a novelist writes a book, copyright laws protect his or her ideas. Copyright laws protect and secure a person?s creativity, their originality and his or hers product so that others will not gain a profit from their work. Companies such as Napster, an Internet file sharing service, break these laws. However, downloading music off the Internet is not technically illegal."
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RIAA vs. Napster, 2002.
A discussion of the case between the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and Napster Inc. over copyright infringement.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the famous case of Napster being sued by the RIAA over copyright infringement by their technology that allowed individual users to share personal recordings across the Internet. It looks at the arguments from both sides against restraint, the legal position of both sides and the ethics of the whole episode. It evaluates how Napster's enterprise deprived artists of their rightful profit from their work even though it probabley was not the intent upon Napster?s entry into the marketplace and whether Napster were really at fault since they posted the copyright rules on their web site.
From the Paper
"The RIAA claimed that Napster did not have any non-infringing uses that were commercially significant. The RIAA also claimed that copying off a television program is different than copying and distributing off a cd. Napster?s position was that they were comparable to Sony because they are providing the directory that enables users to use it for non-infringing purposes. In this phase of the argument, both parties made reference to the Universal City Studios v. Sony case. Which determined that it was OK to videotape television shows for personal use. In Sony, why isn't it acceptable to copy music from the Internet for personal use?"
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Ritualistic File-Sharing, 2002.
This paper explains how the intellectual property laws are ignored on Napster, Kazaa, Gnutella and other file-sharing networks.
3,245 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This essay is an in-depth analysis of file-sharing technology (Napster, Kazaa) and its relation to modern intellectual property laws. In order to structure the analysis, theoretical work from two prominent communications scholars - Harold Innis and James Carey - is employed. These authors divided media into two types: Innis categorized media as either time-biased or space biased, while Carey said media was either ritual or transmission. Ritual/time-biased media resist control and intellectual property laws, and file-sharing networks are ritual and time-biased. This essay defines the medium of file-sharing networks, intellectual property, the terms used by Innis and Carey, and shows how the nature of the medium explains why intellectual property laws are ignored on file-sharing networks.
From the paper:
"From a modern, literate, perspective the current economic and legal debate over file-sharing is a teeming with contradictions. Most people find the thought of shoplifting a CD repugnant, yet many of those same people wouldn?t hesitate to borrow a copy from a friend or download a song from a complete stranger. What is the cause of this dichotomy? Can one be a consumer and a thief at the same time? This essay proposes that answers can be found by examining the media in question. Most modern investigation of this subject, critical and legal, is rooted in one specific perspective, but media scholars like Harold Innis and James Carey have in fact proposed two. Logically and historically, intellectual property rights appear in one and not the other. The following pages will define the medium in question and the two perspectives. Next these definitions will be used to place the medium in the most appropriate frame. Once the medium is categorized, the work of Innis and Carey will be applied to show how the nature of the medium determines the role of intellectual property."
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Digital Technology and Copyright, 2005.
This paper discusses digital technology and copyright infringement, focusing on the case of Napster.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that the case of Napster is typical of copyright infringement because it demonstrates just how inadequate legislation is as it relates to digital technology. The paper explains that in addition, Napster represents just one area where copyright can be violated. The paper shows how the Napster case reveals that in terms of digital technology, the fundamental issue concerns how to reconcile the traditional concept of contributory liability with the widespread use of digitized works made available by the Internet.
From the Paper
"With the advent of digital technology, research has found that as many as 90 percent of all Internet users and about 70 percent of users who share files freely admit that copyright is not an issue for them. These people regularly download many different kinds of files, ranging from movies to computer programs. The most likely individuals to download music and share files are students. Young adults behave in comparable ways since they also normally are not concerned about the copyright status of whatever files they download. Music is very easily downloaded, and it is far easier to download music than full-length feature movies."
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Copyright Law, 2006.
An overview of copyright law and copyright infringement.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a definition of copyright infringement, explaining that in the United States copyright infringement is the violation of the exclusive rights of a copyright owner. The paper also explains that violations of copyright may include literary works, musical works, dramatic works, pantomimes and choreographic works, artistic works, motion pictures and audiovisual works, sound recordings and architectural works as well as other created materials that are protected under copyright law. Additionally, the paper looks at how the definition of infringement, however, is subject to fair use conditions that are contained in the U.S. Code.
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Napster: An Analysis of Issues and Implications, 2005.
A discussion of issues behind the use of Napster and Napster-like file-swapping services.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the issues behind the use of Napster and similar file-swapping services. This allowed users to download and share copyrighted music without paying. The paper examines the legal and moral issues behind this and discusses the arguments presented. It also offers an explanation of what has now become a common term; being "Napsterized".
From the Paper
"In analyzing the implications of being "napsterized", it is evident that many prospective users of Napster's file sharing system or similar website systems did not want to think about the fundamental ownership and copyright issues involved. They were much more interested in downloading the music files available through Napster and its online imitators. For many of these people, vastly expanding their personal music libraries without the inconvenience of paying the artists and music companies who created their favorite tunes was the only operative factor. Unfortunately, there are more issues involved in this process than wanting music, downloading it, and listening to it. The implications of the peer to peer file sharing movement that Napster pioneered are vast and troubling..."
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Canadian Governments approach to Copyright, 2002.
This essay will look at copyright, in particular assessing how copyright pertains to the Internet today.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The first part of the assignment will explore what copyright is and why it is needed to protect people. The second part of the assignment will explore what laws the Canadian government institutes in order to hamper the dissemination of authors' ideas and information and come to assessment as to whether or not the government's actions are efficient and responsible.
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Napster vs. The Recording Industry, 2002.
Discusses the Napster controversy in terms of analyzing the court briefs prepared by Napster attorneys.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper discusses the Napster controversy in terms of analyzing the court briefs prepared by Napster attorneys. Based upon these briefs, and citing the Sony precedent, a legal argument is presented asserting that Napster is not responsible for any possible copyright infringement indulged in by third parties.
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The Case of Napster.
This paper discusses the case of Napster, an Internet music sharing company, which was forced by the courts and by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) to cease operations.
2,455 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) argued that Napster was infringing on copyright and illegally copying, distributing or ?bootlegging?, and downloading the copyrighted products of musicians. The author points out that the problem of pirating copyright material is not new; but the combination of the Napster technology, the Internet, and the ability of individuals to burn their own CDs off the Internet made pirating very easy, with digital sound quality just like the store bought merchandise. The paper relates that Napster, which is now owned by Roxio, Inc., the software inventor of many well-known CD-burning programs, is a subscription-based service that charges 99 cents per downloaded song; other peer-to-peer networks seem still to be striving.
From the Paper
"Napster offered its users the opportunity to access music files held on every other users? hard drive. This, in turn, meant that users could download to their hard drive, and then burn to a Compact Disc (CD) if they so desired, literally hundreds of thousands of pieces of music. This threatened the producers of music (the musicians) and the copyright holders, the media companies, such as AOL Time Warner, Vivendi Universal, EMI and others. The revenue they generate by selling Compact Discs and tapes was threatened because Napster users could now obtain music and compile a music library without actually purchasing product from the companies themselves."
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Napster, 2004.
Looks at the circumstances concerning the demise of the Internet company, Napster.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper studies the legal case against Napster, an Internet company that provided a service which allowed users to download and share copyrighted music. The plaintiffs in the case accused Napster of violating copyright laws, and Napster argued that preventing them from offering their service was an infringement of their basic rights. This paper highlights the arguments and issues on both sides of the debate and then discusses the Court's decision on the case, why it made such a decision, and the implications of that decision.
From the Paper
"Music lovers in the US and around the world mourned the death of a cultural phenomenon when the US Court ruled against Napster a year or so ago thereby intermitting the Internet trend of music file swaps. The company had become tremendously popular with 13.6 million US users in 2001 (Ahrens 2002). Napster, a company which developed a service tool that allowed users to swap copyrighted music files through the Internet, created havoc in the music industry for quite sometime until it was sued by music companies who blamed the company for their decreasing CD sales volume."
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Copyright Laws, 2005.
This in-depth paper examines and compares the issue of copyright and their applicability in terms of the law in the U.S., U.K. and China.
11,904 words (approx. 47.6 pages), 100 sources, MLA, $ 231.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper centers on the matter of copyrighted material in terms of literary works, musical compositions, dramatic works, pantomimes and choreographic works, pictorial and multi-media packages within CD-ROMs among others. This paper focuses on the legalities of copyright in the three countries cited primarily from the point of view held by archives. The writer of this paper begins by offering a detailed definition of both archives and copyright. According to this paper, a copyright is a set of laws and rules that are established as a particular form of government with the primary goal of protecting the original works of the author. This paper delves into various concepts of copyright including its being construed as a certain specification of law within a particular field of work. The writer examines the situation in the U.K. which currently houses nearly 2,000 archive repositories of various types in England. This paper analyzes the Title 17, U.S. Code copyright law which applies and can only be enforced in the U.S. The Title 17, U.S. Code is given to original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical and other forms of artistic works which give the owner of the work in question the permission to reproduce said work. This paper details the significance of China's copyright laws on America while delving into the vast differences between China's perception of archived and documented material to that of the western world. The writer examines the growing field of online archives and libraries. This in-depth and informative paper also contains pertinent data and statistics relevant to this specific topic. According to published figures there are 1.5 million visits a year to archives while up to 75% of those who visit do so for private or personal research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Archives and the Copyright Provisions in the West
Archives and the Copyright Provisions in China
Discussion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The term copyright has to be explained to some extent. Copying takes place in a number of instances and can be considered when a single copy is made of an article through photocopying, downloading pages from a Web site, or seeing a picture that has been loaded in the digital format. In all these instances, there is no violation of the rights of the copyright holder, as they may be considered to be a fair use of the facility. Since the question of copying is involved, there has to be an understanding as to whether there are violations of any rights of the copyright holder. The permissions have to be given when certain actions are involved like a movie version from a book, translation of a book into other languages, etc. In these cases, the rights of the copyright holder are involved, and it does not matter from where the person desirous of making the change got hold of the material. It depends on the copyright holder to say how the work for which they are holding copyright will be distributed to the public at large."
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