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The Convergence-Divergence Debate in Business, 2004.
A critical analysis of the convergence-divergence debate in international management and human resource management and a consideration of globalisation critiques and alternative theories.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how a critical issue in international and comparative human resource management (HRM) studies concerns the perception that ?globalisation? is creating convergence (or contingency) in business and industrial relations practices. It looks at how academic debate centres on the crucial argument of whether convergence is an increasing phenomenon, fuelled by globalisation, or, in reality, the opposite is true ? that national cultures and institutions are a unique force for perpetuating diversity and divergence. Consideration is given to contemporary sources that analyse the convergence-divergence debate in HRM and international management.
From the Paper
"The convergence perspective originated from the work of Kerr et al (1960), which stated that organisations? use of functional specialisation would increasingly create a convergent dynamic for business ? leading to a common structuring of the workforce within and across countries, based on technological changes and work systems. Beardwell and Holden (2001) note the convergent similarities in car production plants worldwide, echoing the findings of Mueller and Purcell (1992), that see globalising forces as a key factor in converging operational and management processes. Ritzer (1998) also applies the convergent paradigm to his studies into fast-food businesses and society. ?The McDonaldization Thesis? illustrates the way multinationals use and perpetuate convergence in order to homogenise working practices, business processes and human resource management for increased economies of scale and competitive advantage."
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The Convergence and Divergence of Managerial Values.
Reaction paper to the article, "Differences in Managerial Values: A Study of U.S., Hong Kong and PRC Managers," by Ralston, Gustafson, Cheung, and Terpstra.
875 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the author's response to an article on managerial values, which analyzed and interpreted results of a study based on the convergence and divergence of managerial values in the United States, Hong Kong, and the People's Republic of China.
From the Paper
"The article discussed the contrasting themes of convergence and divergence. The convergence approach proposes that managers in industrialized nations would embrace the attitudes and behaviors common to managers in other industrialized nations despite the numerous cultural differences. The divergence view proposes that individuals would retain diverse, culturally based values despite any economic and social similarities between their nations. The countries were chosen based on criteria defined in a previous study. The United States represented a capitalist business environment at the height of technological development. On the other extreme, the People's Republic of China represented a socialist legal and political system with communist origins. Serving as a link between these two extremes, was Hong Kong, with a well-developed financial system at the forefront of world commerce."
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The Standard English Debate, 2004.
A discussion on the multi-stranded debate on standard English in education.
2,459 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
Standard English is described as "by far the most important dialect in the English-speaking world from a social, intellectual and cultural point of view" (Trudgill 1999;123). This suggests that the debate about Standard English is a multi-stranded one. This paper demonstrates how it can be divided into: a linguistic debate, which shows the rise of standard English as a direct result of certain historical event; a socio-cultural debate, which demonstrates the way that society often shapes its attitudes on stereotypes and assumptions about attributes of a speaker and their linguistic variety and a political debate, which shows the area of language attitudes as one with which presuppositions about social class have a significant relationship.
From the Paper
""Standard English refers to the 'structure of the language, i.e. its grammar and vocabulary', but it may be 'spoken in any accent' (Perera, 1994 cited by Brindley, 1996). Since the 1950's there has been a decline in the teaching of grammar in schools. Some educationalists have interpreted criticism on prescriptive grammar as criticism of grammar teaching in general. It has been found that English students are now entering universities with little knowledge of basic grammatical terminology (Milroy and Milroy, 1991). Honey (1983) says that English language teaching is in decline and blames the discipline of linguistics for this."
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Anti-Federalists and the Constitutional Debate, 2006.
A review of the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress. It suggests some ongoing problems in American public life which demonstrate the main issues which drove that debate, far from being resolved during the constitution's ratification, continue to resonate in current events. This paper discusses the Ratification Debate and the major issues which drove the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists: Distribution of power, protection of rights, limitations of institutions and the ongoing Relevance.
From the Paper
"In the last few days of September in 1787, the Confederation Congress met to debate and construct a new Constitution of the United States. The document they wrote and sent for ratification to the thirteen states that made up the newly-formed country was intended to replace the Articles of Confederation that had ordered the nation since its inception. The nation was reaching a crisis point, as the experiment had been going poorly. Surprisingly, perhaps, the problem was not one of the many possible economic problems that new nations are likely to experience when reconstructing after a long and difficult war. As Gordon Wood (1969) argues, the general economy was running well and people felt comfortable and even prosperous (p. 395). Rather, the concerns that brought the nation's leading politicians together were primarily political. "
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Debate Review, 2005.
An analysis of a debate on medical malpractice.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a debate in which the proposition awards in medical liability lawsuits should be limited was debated. A general overview of the debate is provided. Main points are identified and discussed. The paper concludes with remarks on which side (pro or con) had the stronger arguments and a judgment of who ultimately won the debate is stated.
From the Paper
"Medical malpractice is a vast legal issue that affects many different populations: consumers/patients, healthcare professionals, the pharmaceutical industry, legal professionals and insurance companies. This paper will provide a review of the debate holding to the proposition: Awards in medical liability lawsuits should be limited. Starting with a high level overview of the debate, main points will be presented along with this writer's view of which side presented a stronger case and which side this writer believes won the debate. Overview of debate. Malpractice insurance rates are driving physicians and many nurse practitioners out of business. Malpractice insurance costs are just too high to allow physicians to maintain a private practice in states that do not provide for a max-cap on liability awards. Currently 27 states do and the cost of their malpractice insurance is substantially less; for example $8,000 for the same ..."
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The Debate over Legalization, 2007.
This paper discusses the debate over the use of marijuana and looks at various arguments for its legalization.
842 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer relates that there is a huge debate going on right now over marijuana. The debate is on whether or not to legalize it. This paper discusses six different reasons to support the use of marijuana use. These reasons concern federal expenditures, additional tourism benefits, free will, prohibition, politics and the criminal justice system. The writer concludes that there are a myriad of reasons for legalizing marijuana and notes that perhaps some progress will be seen on the issue in the upcoming 2008 elections.
From the Paper
"Federal law continues to prohibit marijuana, but every state ballot initiative to legalize medial marijuana has been approved, including in California, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Colorado, Nevada, Maine, and Washington, DC. State legislatures in Vermont, Hawaii and Maryland have also followed suit and many others are considering their own medical marijuana bills including New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Illinois. Current support is often bipartisan, with Republican governors like Gary Johnson taking the lead. In New York the 2002 gubernatorial campaign, Tom Golisano, surprised everyone by campaigning heavily on the issue. The medical marijuana bill before the New York legislature is backed not just by leading Republicans, but even by some Conservative party leaders."
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Post-Debate Analysis, 2005.
This paper analyzes a debate's planning, preparation and presentation process.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that a debate team is an example of a cooperative learning group. This paper describes, analyzes and evaluates the writer's contribution to the debate planning, preparation and presentation process. This contribution is examined in relation to three theoretical frameworks. Situational leadership is highly relevant for enabling a balance between task behavior and relational behavior. Chaos theory is especially useful since it emphasizes the learning process and feedback. Change theory permits the change process to be understood. The writer discusses that he/she experienced both learning and change through the debate.
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Common Fallacies in Debate, 2006.
An overview of different fallacies commonly used in debate with examples that illustrate the fallacies.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper is an overview of sixteen common fallacies used in debate. The paper provides two examples of each in the hopes that students can better discern these fallacies when they emerge in debate and/or in academic literature. As a useful point, these examples can also be used to highlight the partisanship of leading politicians eager to spread their own agenda.
From the Paper
"Ad Hominem: personal attacks of any kind are ad hominem attacks. Two examples would be Al Franken's loud denunciations of Bill O'Reilly and others while another would be someone dismissing George W. Bush's policies because he is (allegedly) "stupid". Ad Populum: Two examples of ad populum fallacies would be recent gall-up polls showing weak support for the war in Iraq and/or an argument that insists that "most people" do not want gay marriage or an end to abortion."
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The Gun Control Debate, 2004.
This paper provides an analysis of the gun control debate in America.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer examines the gun control debate in the United States of America. The writer provides a review of the studies that relate to that debate. The history of gun control as an issue in American society is discussed in this paper. The writer argues that gun control policies should not be expanded and presents both sides of the control argument.
From the Paper
"Gun control has been a prominent issue in American politics since Revolutionary War. The Founding Fathers gave American citizens the right to bear arms in the Second Amendment to the Constitution. The debate over the government's ability to regulate the sale and use of guns can be most simply stated as a fundamental conflict between the rights of the citizen versus the need of the government to assure public safety. Opponents of gun control believe that any infringement of an individual's right to bear arms is unconstitutional and ... "
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The Ongoing Debate over Distribution of Powers, 2002.
This paper discusses the ongoing debate in Canada over the distribution of powers in the federal system.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ongoing debate in Canada over the distribution of powers in the federal system. It shows how the role of Quebec has played a prominent role in this debate. The force of neo-liberalism, meanwhile, has influenced the position taken by the federal state in its relations with the provinces. In this way, we see how the role of Quebec and neo-liberalism are related to one another.
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Media Convergence as Consolidation to Recapture Readership, 2005.
The paper examines if media convergence will result in higher readership of newspapers.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 7 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the topic of media convergence. It discusses the question whether or not convergence will allow newspapers to recapture their readership, or if their content will play a bigger factor. The paper argues that with the Internet and more, cheaper, alternative mediums, it is now much easier to have an active competition in contrast to previous newspaper monopolies. The competition allows for richer content that will attract more viewers away from traditional sources.
From the Paper
"Newspapers in North America have been adopting an open strategy of convergence in recent years. Once the dominant news source, they have been overtaken by television and increasingly the Internet. Concerned with profit margins, they are moving ever further into the realm of television, cell phones, the Internet and other media. The goal of the newspapers is to recapture lost audiences. However, this paper will argue that it is not just alternative mediums of technology, but the content of the news that will ultimately determine their ability to recapture readership. In recent years newspaper readership has been on a decline, while recent decades have been marked by the consolidation of the newspaper industry into fewer hands."
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The Slavery Reparations Debate, 2002.
This paper is an imaginary debate, pro and con, to discuss the proposal by some African-Americans that they are owed reparations from the U.S. government for centuries of slavery imposed on their ancestors in the U.S..
1,590 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper is an imaginary debate regarding the Congressional Slave Reparations Bill, HR 40 IH 107th Congress, 1st Session, H.R. 40, introduced on January 3, 2001 to acknowledge the fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality and inhumanity of slavery in the United States between 1619 and 1865. For example the imaginary person in favor of reparations argues that it is the way we (the African-Americans) are treated in modern America that continues the slave mentality and has forced so many of them to become criminals or to drop out of society. On the other hand, the imaginary person in against reparations argues that frustration is the basis for our current troubled society; and, even if there is some polarized relationship between whites and blacks, this idea of a Slavery Reparations Bill makes that gulf even wider and deeper. The paper continues in this manner giving a statement pro and a statement against as if it were a debate.
From the Paper
"PRO4: Of course it is. African-Americans DESERVE Compensation for past and present injustice. You don?t see whites dragged down for miles on a Texas road! Blacks are the majority of prisoners on death row. Rodney King wouldn?t have been beaten by the cops if he were white. SAT tests to get into colleges are still skewed toward white middle class students.
CON4: So, you?re using today?s prejudices to squeeze money out of the government? Where are all the upper- and middle class black professionals who run away from the inner cities as soon as they have good paying jobs? Why aren?t they spearheading this Reparations drive? But, more to the point - what about Native Americans and the Chinese brought over to build the railroads as slave labor? Why limit compensation for slavery to African-Americans?
PRO5: Because we were the only ones dragged from out homelands and shipped over to America. That?s a historical fact."
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The Nature-Nurture Debate, 2004.
A critical assessment of the nature-nurture debate with reference to a variety of domains within psychology.
1,453 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
Nature vs. nurture has been a long-standing debate since the 17th century and refers to the degrees in which a person's natural human experiences influence a persons' physical and behavioural traits as opposed to environmental influences. This paper looks into a variety of different theories from different fields of psychology, from cognitive to biological and developmental and critically assesses the issues involved.
From the Paper
"Ideas from a biological theory has advanced and evolved from many years, and will probably continue. Research has proved that sex hormones are a cause of our behaviour but according to a book by Gisela Kaplan and Lesley J Rogers 'Gene Worship' proves otherwise. They state that the brain controls the amount of sex hormones secreted into the blood. Most of the times at a stable range but from time to time these vary, especially at different times of the day for women, allowing sex hormones through the blood fairy quickly. Stress and experiences has an affect on the brains control of these hormone levels altering levels of Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle Hormone released from the pituitary gland, proving that sex hormones in the blood can change in response to the external environment. "
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The Wilmot Proviso Debate, 2005.
This paper provides an analysis of the Wilmot Proviso Debate.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This five page undergraduate paper examines the central questions posed in Chapter Nine of Discovering America's Past, which all pertain to slavery and territorial expansion. The writer notes that the Wilmot Proviso Debate was just one of many battles fought in Congress in the decades before the Civil War over the primary question of whether slavery should be allowed in new territories. The writer further points out that this was the most crucial issue, for new territories ultimately became new states and subsequently sent senators and representatives to Congress.
From the Paper
"Whenever a new state was admitted into the Union, the balance of power in Congress between slave states and free states was altered depending upon whether the new state permitted slavery or not."
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C. Emory Burton's "The Poverty Debate", 2005.
This paper reviews the first two chapters of C. Emory Burton's "The Poverty Debate: Politics and the Poor in America", which provides a coherent analysis of this problem.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that C. Emory Burton in "The Poverty Debate: Politics and the Poor in America" defines poverty as the point at which the individual or family unit is no longer able to sufficiently provide itself with the essentials of life. The author points out that Burton states (1) that the vast majority of the poor do not enjoy most of the benefits of "in kind" distributions, (2) that poverty should be measured in relation to the U.S. standard of living and (3) that the effects of poverty are insidious and far reaching. The paper relates that Burton's arguments are convincing although a bit too left-leaning and a number of his claims seem questionable.
From the Paper
"In chapter two, Burton addresses the theory of a "culture of poverty" in which those who are classified as poor are actually, in large part, to blame for their own circumstances. What the theory proposes is that those in poverty have characteristics which perpetuate and insure their condition. Be it a low interest in education, little work ethic, no desire to improve themselves, unwillingness to take responsibility, or the inability to plan ahead or look toward the future, these individuals have personal flaws which keep them in a state of poverty."
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