| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "CONSTITUTIONAL CATASTROPHE MEANINGS ORIGINS": |
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A Constitutional Catastrophe: The Meanings and Origins of Catastrophe, 2000.
A look at the evolution of the use of the word "catastrophe" since the 16th century.
1,490 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper was written for an English class in which we had to research the meaning and the origin of an English word.
From the Paper
"It was not until 1579 that catastrophe first appeared in written English. British poet Edmund Spenser[1] in his poem entitled ?The shepheardes calendar? first used catastrophe in the sentence ?this tale is much like to that in Aesops fables, but the catastrophe and ende is farre different.? According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first meaning of the word catastrophe in English, as used in the quote from Spender?s poem, was ?The change or revolution which produces the conclusion or final event of a dramatic piece.? Over time the word catastrophe grew in usage, but while there were slight changes in its meaning, the word still has the same meaning today as back in 1579."
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The Origins of the Constitution, 2004.
Examines various sources of the United States' Constitution, from ancient Greek democratic thought to ideas from the Enlightenment .
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
When determining the true roots of the United States' Constitution, the paper shows that this great document is a conglomerate of Greek, French, and English political ideologies. First, the very heart of democracy lies with the ancient Athenians and their city-state, or polis, where all citizens were individuals and could express their thoughts and opinions freely. Second, the paper shows that, through the ideals of Montesquieu, the Constitution reflects the French face of democracy and obviously serves as the very bedrock for the document. Finally, the paper shows that the English Constitution bears some responsibility for the formation of its American counterpart, due to the opinions of Carter Braxton (1736-1797), a wealthy planter, Continental Congress delegate ,and signer of the Declaration of Independence, who argued that ?the best way to preserve liberty and stability would be to model the new government after the British Constitution?, which fortunately did not occur, and thus allowed the ?Founding Fathers? to employ their own principles as they evolved from the minds and works of those that came before them.
From the Paper
"But one of the most influential aspects of Athenian democracy which was later incorporated into the American Constitution was the idea of majority rule which symbolizes the principle that the interest of the group must prevail over that of the individual citizen when the freedom of the group and the freedom of the individual come into conflict. Thus, the Athenians assumed that the right way to protect democracy was always to trust the majority vote of free-born, adult male citizens without any restrictions on a man?s ability to say what he thought was best for his country and for democracy. And much like the political ideals associated with the ?Founding Fathers? such as Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, majority rule rested on the belief that the cumulative political wisdom of the majority of voters would always outweigh the voices of the minority, especially when such minorities exhibited certain eccentricities and irresponsible acts which on the whole might upset the democratic system."
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English Constitutional Law, 2007.
An analysis of English constitutional law, particularly the purpose of the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005.
1,313 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005, which enshrines in law, for the first time, a duty on government ministers to uphold the independence of the judiciary. The paper describes the history and the scope of the law, as well as its purpose. In addition, the paper discusses the Constitutional Reform Act with relation to English constitutional law and its need for reform.
From the Paper
"The scope of judicial review today is almost unrecognisable compared to that of 25 years ago, and judges are more willing to intervene to ensure that the body in question acts in a procedurally correct manner, even when such a decision may impugn on the authority of the executive. For example in the case of Anisminic Ltd v Foreign Compensation Commission , where a statutory provision seemed to exclude the courts' supervisory jurisdiction, the court, according to Wade and Forsyth, acted in a way of "total disobedience to Parliament" by recognising a broad concept of jurisdiction. Further, in the Pergau Dam case, Lord Irvine argues that the court "took away from the executive a considerable degree of autonomy" in holding that the Secretary of State's decision was unlawful. He continues arguing "it is this type of judicial activism which begins to blur the boundary between appeal and review, thereby undermining the constitutional foundations on which the courts' supervisory jurisdiction rests"."
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Constitutional Courts in France and Russia, 2003.
A comparison of the roles of the constitutional courts in France and Russia today.
4,928 words (approx. 19.7 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 125.95
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Abstract
The nations of Russia and France have experienced particularly turbulent episodes in the evolution of their respective constitutions and constitutional courts. This paper examines the constitutional courts in these countries to determine how their respective roles have evolved, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The current Russian constitution was adopted on December 12, 1993. Russia has a Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Superior Court of Arbitration; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the Federation Council on the recommendation of the president (Russia, 2002). The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is the first judicial body of constitutional review in the history of Russia. The Court was created by the Fifth (extraordinary) Congress of Peoples' Deputies of the RSFSR on 30 October, 1991. The Court comprising 15 justices had been anticipated by the amendments to the 1978 Constitution and the Law "On the RSFSR Constitutional Court" adopted on the basis of the amendments to the Constitution. The Constitutional Court commenced its activities in December 1991. At that time the Congress had selected 13 justices leaving two vacancies."
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"Origins of the Bill of Rights", 2002.
Describing the essence of Leonard Williams Levy's "Origins of the Bill of Rights".
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper dicusses the topic of this book, which is precisely as the title suggests, an investigation into the origin of each of the ten amendments that collectively constitute the Bill of Rights as well as (to a less extent) an examination of why the Bill of Rights as a whole was a necessary addition to the Constitution to ensure that it would be ratified. It shows how Levy is concerned to some extent with explaining what is usually called "original intent", with providing us some insight on what was going on in the mind of the Framers of the Constitution when they chose these particular rights to be enumerated and not others.
From the Paper
"Describing the exact nature of Leonard Williams Levy?s Origins of the Bill of Rights is not as simple as it seems, and this is in fact a measure of the strength of the book. We are so accustomed to dividing the world into clear categories ? popular fiction on one side, serious scholarship on another, pulp fiction over there in the corner ? that we are given pause when we come across a book that cannot be so easily categorized. Our first impulse may in fact be to decided that this means that there is something wrong with such a book, that the author has failed in his (in this case) attempt to produce a particular kind of text."
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The Patriot Act: A Constitutional Challenge, 2008.
This paper critically examines the USA Patriot Act and how it challenges the Constitution.
5,396 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the reasons behind the Patriot Act's formulation and passage into law in order to explain why millions of Americans were willing to cast the Constitution aside in the name of national security. The paper explores the critical responses to this Act and the Constitutional challenges it presents. The paper strongly contends that
Constitutional challenges to the Patriot Act should be intensively pursued and asserts that this Act is a travesty of democracy. A large amount of source material is appended to the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Background and History of USA Patriot Act Origination
Critical Responses to Patriot Act
Content and Implications of Patriot Act
Reasons for Constitutional Challenge
Content of 8 USC 1182
Amendment Issues
Case Law Discussion
Implications of Future Terrorist Attacks
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In stating the problems presented by the USA Patriot Act and in examining its background, it is necessary to review the reasons for its formulation and passage into law, for they explain why millions of Americans have been willing to cast the Constitution aside in the name of national security. This Act emerged into the national consciousness just eight days after the al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, when the Bush Administration made a legislative proposal that has become known as the USA Patriot Act. (Balkin)"
"Critics contend that the proposal was not the product of a carefully considered examination of the failures and deficiencies of the American law enforcement and intelligence agencies that allowed the attacks to succeed, but was little more than a collection of questionable old conservative agendas that were taken off the shelf and introduced by the Bush Administration in the form of vital new powers the federal government needed to protect the United States from terrorism. (Brunswick)"
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Laeken Declaration and the Constitutional Treaty, 2008.
An examination of the extent to which the Constitutional Treaty met the objectives set for it by the Laeken Declaration.
2,970 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Laeken Declaration and the background for the creation of the Constitutional Treaty. The author discusses the content of the Treaty and the reasons for its rejection, and explains how it failed to provide solutions for two specific problems that were raised at Laeken. The author concludes that although the European States may not yet be ready to adopt a formal Constitution, the document has been ratified by more than half of the member states and the debate it has sparked is still ongoing.
Outline:
I. The Content of the Laeken Declaration and the Reasons for the Creation of the 'Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe' more Generally.
II. Critical Judgment on the Content of the 'Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe'.
From the Paper
"If the answer to the questions 'do we want a Constitution?' and 'do we need a Constitution?', or a formalisation of the existing functional, unwritten Constitution is yes, then the next logical questions are 'do we want this Constitution?' or 'do we need this Constitution?'. Apparently, the answer is no according to the French and Dutch people, but let us examine in more detail why two countries that have played a fundamental role in the development of the Union since its creation have rejected the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe."
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The Origins of Life, 2008.
Looks at the origins of life on earth and the implications for the search for extraterrestrial life.
2,010 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the search for life beyond this planet must be built on a solid understanding of how life managed to emerge on Earth. The author examines the development of extraterrestrial theories about the origins of life by beginning with an examination of previous theories of origin. The paper then presents current research and the empirical basis for current theories with implications for the search for extraterrestrial life. The author also offers some possible avenues of future research and examination, which could help refine the understanding of the origins of life in the universe.
From the Paper
"In fact, the presence of a liquid like water seems to be the only major prerequisite for the development of life. Without a liquid, the complex chemical reactions required for the emergence of life are presumed impossible. But, that's not to say that the liquid in question must be water. Many researchers are exploring the possibility of life developing in more unorthodox liquids, such as methane, ammonia, or even sulfuric acid. Life on earth may have simply developed to take advantage of the very abundant liquid water; water's presence may have only been happenstance."
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Constitutional Non-Compliance, 2004.
An analysis of how, during times of war, the United States government has been guilty of constitutional non-compliance.
1,731 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the violation of the Constitution of the United States, which is formally termed as ?non-compliance?, has been seen throughout the history of the United States and how, specifically, it has occurred during times of war during civil disturbances, with the use of extrajudicial force used to supercede the ordinary process of law. It looks at how one such instance occurred during the Civil War and how the violations, which have occurred during the ?War on Terrorism?, are some of the most blatant violations of constitutional ideals and principles ever witnessed.
Outline
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
Preamble to the United States Constitution
Definitive of the Language in the Preamble
Historical Incidents of Non-Compliance
What Does the Constitution Say?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Although it is understandable for some restrictions during war time in order to keep citizens safe and the country secure it is evident that since September 1, 2001, that the non-compliance to the Constitution which is evidenced by the implementation of the Homeland Security Act and the Patriot Act that the all inclusive powers of the government in spying on citizens is too broad of a scope of powers to be vested in a government of a democracy."
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Are Red Light Cameras Constitutional?, 2002.
This paper examines the constitutionality of the Red Light Camera Program. Although the Supreme Court found the program constitutional, the controversy continues.
1,974 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
Red Light Cameras snap photos of speeders and red-light runners but they are also used to check and monitor traffic on selected roadways. The writer shows that the use of these cameras is growing as are motorists' fears of being watched. The paper traces the controversy showing both sides of the case that is reminiscent of a futuristic novel.
From the Paper
"Red Light Cameras are new additions to a range of tools, which law enforcement officers use to catch motorists who run red lights at will. They snap photos of speeders and red light runners but they are also used to check and monitor traffic on selected roadways. Although they are fast becoming a favorite of traffic safety advocates, these techniques, if not conducted within set guidelines and communicated about effectively, can prompt strong negative reactions among a small but vocal minority who see them as "big brother" techniques designed to trample citizens' rights."
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Individual Rights and the Constitutional Convention, 2005.
A look at the origins of the philosophy of individual rights.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of individual rights and how this concept extends far back into early English history. The paper points out that, while the individual rights granted under the American Constitution have evolved and changed to include more than the original beliefs about individual rights, the authors of the Constitution were heavily influenced by early English and French philosophers and their ideas about rights and liberties.
From the Paper
"Although many individuals today might like to romanticize the origin of individual rights in America, suggesting that such rights began and ended with the passage of the current version of the United States Constitution that now governs the totality of the American land, the actual history of a private citizen?s individual rights in America and England is far more checkered and complex. America?s founding fathers owe a far greater debt to English and French philosophies of rights and liberties than were acknowledged at the time for the idea that the individual citizen possesses certain inalienable rights that cannot be impinged upon by the state. Also, the Articles of Confederation that were eventually passed contained the seeds of the later document that was to govern the land, even though it was too weak a document to provide the type of unity that the international politics of the time demanded to accord respect to the new American union and nation."
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"The River of God - A New History of Christian Origins", 2002.
A literary review of Gregory J. Riley's "The River of God - A New History of Christian Origins".
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the book "The River of God - A New History of Christian Origins" by Gregory J. Riley. The paper shows how in the book, Riley tends to focus on the historical aspects of Christian origins that are often ignored by scholars. It shows how it is found that majority of the researchers of Christianity confine their subject matter to the inspiration from the Greek and Roman. They also confuse Rabbinic Judaism with the Judaism of Jesus' times. Prof. Riley however, takes into account Middle Eastern religious history to our search for God.
From the Paper
"He also adds to Greek ideas of Orphism, Pythagoreanism and Plato, by throwing light on the Egyptian and Persian Zoroastrian impact on the progress of Christian concepts of afterlife. Riley highlights the role of Persian Zoroastrianism to make us understand the concept of Satan and God. He includes an in-depth account of how the ancient religious models of God from the East and West including Greek science added to our understanding of our body and soul and the creation of the doctrine of the Trinity in the fourth century. The River of God cannot be taken as a generalized synopsis of world religions because it concentrates on the development of Christianity from so many different religions. Prof. Riley writes on the development of Christianity from a wider perspective. Some scholars will have trivial objection on some of the details and generalizations, but one thing that can be concluded on this book ?The River of God? is that it?s a very good resource for strengthening our understanding of God."
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The Origins and Specificity of Parasites, 2002.
This paper discusses the origins of life and the role that parasites play in its continuity.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the origins of parasites, their relationship to their host and how they have evolved in tandem with many other organisms. The paper seeks to answer several questions including why parasites live where they do and how the origins of evolution affect different parasites, specifically RNA and what role protozoans play in the life of parasites. The paper also discusses the process of Coevolution and the effect that a parasite's long-term residence has on the body of different species, including humans.
From the Paper
"However, it is once an organism has taken up residence inside another organism, that a second and crucial process comes into play. This is the process of Coevolution. Coevolution is based relatively simply on the fact that Evolution is a non-stop process. All species are continually changing and developing. Genetic mutations, errors in the copying of DNA and RNA, lead to minute, or even at times, dramatic changes that might be either beneficial or maladaptive. In the normal course of things the maladaptive forms will die out, while the successful adaptations will survive as a result of those organisms that possess them living on to reproduce. The same process of evolution is at work both in host and parasite. As the host itself changes, the environment inside it changes as well. Subtle differences in conditions might mean death a microorganism living inside the body of another animal."
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Anti-Federalists and the Constitutional Debate, 2006.
A review of the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper summarizes the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress. It suggests some ongoing problems in American public life which demonstrate the main issues which drove that debate, far from being resolved during the constitution's ratification, continue to resonate in current events. This paper discusses the Ratification Debate and the major issues which drove the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists: Distribution of power, protection of rights, limitations of institutions and the ongoing Relevance.
From the Paper
"In the last few days of September in 1787, the Confederation Congress met to debate and construct a new Constitution of the United States. The document they wrote and sent for ratification to the thirteen states that made up the newly-formed country was intended to replace the Articles of Confederation that had ordered the nation since its inception. The nation was reaching a crisis point, as the experiment had been going poorly. Surprisingly, perhaps, the problem was not one of the many possible economic problems that new nations are likely to experience when reconstructing after a long and difficult war. As Gordon Wood (1969) argues, the general economy was running well and people felt comfortable and even prosperous (p. 395). Rather, the concerns that brought the nation's leading politicians together were primarily political. "
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10 Constitutional Amendments, 2005.
A discussion on proposed constitutional amendments.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The following paper briefly adumbrates ten constitutional amendments this writer believes can safeguard individual rights in America. The paper looks at the constitutions of other lands to arrive at a better idea of what revisions will serve America best. The paper concludes that American problems need uniquely American solutions.
From the Paper
"Proposing amendments to the United States Bill of Rights is a favorite activity of many Americans. With that in mind, the following paper will offer up ten amendments, in order of significance, aimed at bolstering individual rights. To perform this rather ardurous task, it is necessary - among other things - to speak with various individuals who are of voting age and of sound mind to gain their input into what amendments will most advance the cause of liberty and the pursuit of individual happiness. The paper will also review the constitutions of at least a handful of other nations with an eye towards determining which aspects of them, if any, may be worthy of incorporation into the revised Bill of Rights. Finally, this paper will conclude with a table that delineates each of the ten amendments and offers a brief explanation of the meaning and intent of each amendment."
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