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The Conduit Metaphor Theory, 2006.
This paper explains the theory that communication occurs when information is sent from sender to receiver via a transmitter.
892 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the conduit metaphor theory about communication. The paper explains that the theory assumes that successful communication is considered to have occurred when the receiver objectively interprets the sender's intention and meaning behind the information sent. The writer then highlights the problems with relying on objective interpretation and shows how communication is not so easy to accomplish. Finally, the paper looks at how the Chinese government tried to control information from the people unsuccessfully causing corruption at many levels.
From the Paper
"An organization, whether it is a corporation or government, that views communication in terms of a conduit metaphor, will wrongly believe that it can keep certain information away from public scrutiny. According to the conduit metaphor theory, communication occurs when information is sent from sender to receiver via a transmitter. It is irrelevant for purposes of communication to know whether the transmission occurred via human or electronic means. The theory assumes that successful communication is considered to have occurred when the receiver objectively interprets the sender's intention and meaning behind the information sent. In other words, information that is put into the right words will be easily communicable. Any extraneous information that follows the correct one can thus be eliminated as unwanted "noise"("The conduit metaphor...", July 2000)."
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Chinese Communication Policies, 2006.
The paper examines China's communication ties and the conduit metaphor theory.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses China's communication policies and examines how although they have taken steps towards establishing more open and honest communication ties, China still has a long way to go before it will give up the belief that information can be controlled. The paper explains that limitations present within the conduit metaphor make it incapable of providing a theoretical explanation for organizational communication.
The paper emphasizes that Chinese businesses should learn to foster more open and honest communication ties for the sake of corporate survival in the international arena. The writer is sure that they will come to realize the benefits of not conducting their public relations in terms of the conduit metaphor.
From the Paper
"Knowing that the US government would not allow such a sale to take place due to fears of China's possible use of such parts for military purposes, CATIC attempted to secretly urge American airline manufacturer McDonnell Douglas Co. to agree towards buying output from Mamco after its ownership was taken over by the Chinese. After CATIC bought Mamco and knowledge about this sale was brought to Washington's attention, President Bush Sr. forced the Chinese to abandon the deal."
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Chinese Business Communication, 2006.
This paper discusses Chinese business communication and the conduit metaphor.
4,665 words (approx. 18.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 120.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at communication in the Chinese business world and the conduit metaphor. The writer discusses that a global code of general ethics and basic business communication is increasingly being accepted by all countries, regardless of the diversity of their cultures. In this way the same principles of democracy in business have become applicable to all countries from the West to the East of the world. The writer notes that this paradigm is however not without its difficulties and certain business principles, such as the conduit metaphor, are still an acceptable practice within certain countries.
The writer contends that globalization and communication technology thus complicates matters of business communication when two divergent countries attempt to engage in business together.
The writer concludes that it can be understood that Chinese businesses should learn to foster more open and honest communication channels for the sake of corporate survival in the international arena.
From the Paper
"It is of primary importance to accept responsibility for one's business practices in the public eye in order to ensure public trust. This results in sound business practices and more beneficial business for both the company involved and the public they serve. However, any organization, whether corporate or government, that views communication in terms of a conduit metaphor, will hold the incorrect view that certain information can be kept away from public scrutiny. This is so because, according to the conduit metaphor theory, communication occurs when information is sent from sender to receiver via a transmitter. There is therefore no room for possible human error in either transmitting or receiving the message. It is also irrelevant for the purposes of communication to know whether the transmission occurred via human or electronic means. The theory assumes that successful communication has occurred when the receiver objectively interprets the sender's intention and meaning behind the information sent. In other words, information that is put into the right words will be easily communicable. Any extraneous information that follows the correct one can thus be eliminated as unwanted "noise"."
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The implications of Metaphors on Organisational Life, 2007.
An overview of the use of metaphors in organisational situations.
3,925 words (approx. 15.7 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to critically review, examine and explain how different metaphors impact organisational life, with the help of academic text and examples from personal experience. This author has carried this out by focusing on three commonly used organisational metaphors. The paper has been roughly divided into four sections with the author concluding that while metaphors use evocative images to help us understand situations, if taken too seriously they can eventually lead to managers making poor decisions.
Outline:
Machine Metaphor
Organism Metaphor
Culture Metaphor
Illustration of Metaphors through my Organisational Experience
From the Paper
"Machine metaphor is arguably the most popular metaphor used in organisations and effectively the most influential metaphor to have influenced organisational life. This metaphor portrays an organisation as a machine, which is made up of several different parts, with each part playing a defined role, with the ultimate aim of achieving organisational goals and objectives. This mechanistic aspect is inherent in virtually all organisational functions, starting from planning, organising, and implementing to evaluation and control. In this concept people are considered as mere operators of machines and the focus is on maximum efficiency and productivity.
"Organisations that are designed and operated as if they were machines are usually called "bureaucracies" (Morgan, G, 1998). In mechanistic organisations things tend to be monotonous and predictable, such as arrival time, time for breaks, change over of employees, etc. Very often the work tends to be mechanical and repetitive, especially at the lower levels. Two of the greatest examples of the mechanistic model are Ford and McDonalds. During the industrial revolution, "the assembly line" by Ford proved to be a great success, and in the current times McDonalds has set up a great example by "mechanising the organisation of all its franchise outlets throughout the world, to produce a uniform product". (Morgan, G, 1998)."
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Organizational Metaphors, 2003.
A discussion on the organization of work according to the business environment in which organizations operate.
2,750 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 82.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the ways which work is organized and the way in which information technology is employed in organizations in terms of metaphors such as the machine, the organism and the brain respectively. It discusses the definition of the word ?metaphor? and its significance for understanding organizations. For each metaphor, their fundamental concepts are examined, after which theories and principles developed to aid our understanding of these three specific metaphors are discussed. The metaphors are then analyzed for their effectiveness and appropriateness for our understanding of recent developments in the use of information technology in organizations.
Outline
What is a Metaphor?
The Machine Metaphor
Theories on Mechanistic Approach
Basic Characteristics
Strengths and Limitations
The Organism Metaphor
Theories on Organismic Approach
Basic Characteristics
Strengths and Limitations
The Brain Metaphor
Theories on the Brain Metaphor
Basic Characteristics
Strengths and Limitations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Founders of the this theory, Lyndall Urwick, Henri Fayol and F.Mooney, took planning, coordination and control features of management as the core of their theory. The implementation of this theory creates hierarchically structured bureaucratic organizations with predetermined objectives, pre-defined jobs and specifically defined lines of communication and command. This kind of an organization design is similar with a machine design. They focused more on efficient operation of organizations so treated organizations as if they were machines and they ignored the human side. Their main objective was to make human fit the mechanical organizations."
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Organizational Structure Metaphors, 2004.
An analysis of different metaphors used in organizational structures.
2,213 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses various metaphors used in organizational structures. The paper explains the military or mechanical model metaphor and the organic or biological system metaphor. The paper also examines the cognitive system metaphor and the ecosystem metaphor. The paper presents a discussion as to how effective the metaphors are in enabling a greater understanding of organizational processes to be developed.
From the Paper
"In today's hyper-competitive world, organizations struggle daily to garner and maintain valuable market share. Thanks to globalization, businesses are experiencing competition from all four corners of the globe. It is now common for competitors to operate in completely different environments, both internally and externally. Despite the increased opportunities offered by globalization, it becomes increasingly difficult for some companies to remain competitive. As such, aspects such as "superior/subordinate relationships, leadership, teamwork, motivation, and conflict management" (Norris, 2000, p. 105) become ever more important, and each of these hinges upon the organization's structure."
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Image, Metaphor and Narrative Motifs, 2006.
A review of the manner in which the the media attach metaphoric meanings to a host of various images.
2,709 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
The paper states that modern, corporate advertisers over the decades have effectively learned how to manipulate the consumers' buying habits. In order to increase their persuasive power over the modern consumer, advertisers align their products with extreme images of a desirable, perhaps even metaphoric lifestyle. The paper comments that the result is a story that anyone can achieve an iconic lifestyle by simply buying products. The paper continues and notes that similar to advertisers, the news media uses firmly implanted iconic images as metaphors. Then, by augmenting the metaphoric image with text and editorial, the media creates a controllable story, or narrative motif. In order to understand the news media's interpretation of current events correctly, this paper examines each type of the iconic image, their corresponding metaphors and the resulting narrative motifs. The paper begins with a detailed examination of each type of metaphorical image.
Outline:
Directionality of Movement
News Photographs
Assemblages of Images
The Statue of Liberty
Imaging Multitudes and Masses
Woman and Child Image
Water-Flood Imagery
The Flag of the USA
From the Paper
"Photographs carry powerful messages since they are able to deliver a close reproduction of reality. The photographs' capture of reality give magazine covers a type of eyewitness testimony. However, this also means that the readers are more likely to be unaware that those pictures have been manipulated, and that they might have been designed to construct a specific message. Chavez notes, that "Photographs become both testimony and evidence for the position that immigration is a problem and that the nation's borders are being tested by people wishing to enter the country illegally" . Furthermore, photographs steer away any ideological bias accusations from magazines since they appear to represent what "really" happened."
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Metaphors in Daily Life, 2008.
A paper describing the meaning and use of metaphors in all forms of communications.
3,255 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at definitions of metaphors, their usefulness or lack thereof, and the basics of communication theory and how metaphors work in conjunction with that theory. While acknowledging that metaphors are good in that they describe a feeling that might not be communicated in another fashion, the paper also looks at whether it might be possible to educate the receiver of these metaphores that it might be prudent to implement some basic communication theories before swallowing metaphors "as true fact'.
From the Paper
"Metaphors go through every form of communication in daily life. Since everything from politics, to science, to internet based research, entertainment, to speaking day to day with friends, neighbors and academic professionals involve spoken or written communication, metaphors permeate every facet of our lives.
"With that being the case, we need to understand them, and that is the purpose behind this paper, Metaphors in Daily Life. This paper looks at definitions of metaphors, if any exist, their usefulness or lack thereof, and the basic of communication theory and how metaphors work in conjunction with that theory. Do they have a relevance when the recipient of the conversation does not share the same experiences as the deliverer of those messages, or are they lost with no relevance because there is not enough literal meaning in which to extract meaningful interpretation?"
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Personal Metaphor for Organization Theory, 2002.
A look at how to create your own personal metaphor for organization theory.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is on "Personal Metaphor for Organization Theory". It includes the underlying assumptions, major tents, and organizational structures associated with your metaphor, it also notes the points of efficiency, effectiveness, and appropriateness of your metaphor for the coming decades. It also explains your own metaphor for organization theory.
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Metaphor in "The Fish", 2008.
This paper analyzes the use of metaphor in Elizabeth Bishop's "The Fish".
775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
The paper attempts to convey how Elizabeth Bishop's poem "The Fish" is interesting and effective mainly because of its effective use of metaphor. The paper pinpoints the use of metaphor in the poem and shows how Bishop incorporates this commonly used literary device into the overall narrative.
From the Paper
"Elizabeth Bishop (1911-1979) was a well-known poet of the middle part of the 20th century, but what is not so widely known is that she was a painter as well as a poet, and it seems that her talent for visual artistry often comes through in the strong visual details of her poems, including the one to be discussed here, "The Fish," written in 1946. An early mentor of hers in the field of poetry was fellow poet Marianne Moore, who shared Bishop's early interest in the detailed visual depiction of objects of the natural world and from whom she may have picked up her fascination with metaphor, a literary figure which she uses to good effect in "The Fish." "
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Metaphors and Poetry, 2003.
Discusses the power of metaphor to create meanings.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 16 sources, $ 95.95
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Abstract
Discusses metaphor and poetic diction, metaphor as the highest use of language, metaphor as a product of thought and language, and the power of language to make symbols and signs. Provides examples of various poets' use of metaphor.
From the Paper
"It is a commonplace of elementary-school studies that a metaphor is "a figure of speech, an implied analogy in which one thing is imaginatively compared to or identified with another, dissimilar thing" (Morner and Rausch 131). But as Morner and Rausch ..."
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Metaphor and Communication, 2002.
This paper examines "Metaphors We Live By" (1981) by G Lakoff and M Johnson.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Metaphors We Live By (1981) by G Lakoff and M Johnson. They argue that metaphor plays a much deeper role in our society and the process of communication than most people realize. This paper outlines their concept of metaphor and compares and contrasts it to other media theories.
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Metaphor, 2005.
This paper analyzes the use of metaphor in the poems of Rita Dove, Marc Jaffee and Carl Phillips.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper examines metaphor and its use in the poems of Rita Dove, Marc Jaffee and Carl Phillips. The paper discusses metaphor as a tool of the poet.
From the Paper
"Every occupation has tools. The tools of the poet are words. In sharing emotions, stories, feelings or moments, words are the tools used by poets to forge images in our minds. Words are selected and fashioned by poets in a numbers of ways to form such images. One of the most commonly used methods of drawing images through words is known as metaphor."
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Sylvia Plath's "Metaphors", 2005.
An in-depth analysis of "Metaphors" by Sylvia Plath.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper looks ar Sylvia Plath's poem "Metaphors". This is an example of Plath's tightly controlled, allusive verse. The speaker in the poem states that she is a riddle; as the nine nine-syllable lines unfold with their nine metaphors, it becomes clear that the answer to the riddle is pregnancy. The speaker moves from the obvious negatives (the fatness and ungainliness) to the positives (fruitfulness) and on to the deeper-lying negatives (loss of control and loss of identity).
From the Paper
"The poem "Metaphors" poses a riddle: it invites the reader to discover the situation of the poet through information disclosed in a series of metaphors. The metaphors, which equate the speaker with various disparate objects, do not, like similes, make a comparison with words such as "like" or "as". Rather they say that the poet "is" the unusual object mentioned. It is only but seeking the common thread in the objects cited that the reader can solve the riddle. Throughout the course of the poem, the poet calls herself "a riddle" (line 1), "an elephant" (line 2), "a...house" (line 2), "a melon" (line 3), a "loaf" (line 5), a "purse" (line 6), "a means" (line 7), "a stage" (line 7), and "a cow in calf" (line 7). A riddle is a construction within which a meaning is hidden."
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"Lying: A Metaphorical Memoir", 2002.
A review of Lauren Slater's autobiography, "Lying: A Metaphorical Memoir".
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 1 source, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of Lauren Slater's "Lying: A Metaphorical Memoir". This controversial "auto-biography" is examined for the content and construction, this essay looks at the representation of the author's life through her words.
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