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Conducting Business in Japan: A North American Manager's Guide, 2003.
Investigates the Japanese culture and its implications for conducting international business within the country.
5,700 words (approx. 22.8 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
Japan is a force to be reckoned with when it comes to the global business environment. It is imperative to gain an understanding of this nation's unique and intricate culture in order to facilitate success business ventures with its people. This paper first discusses an overview of the Japanese culture, including basic facts, history, government, religion and economy. An in-depth analysis is then performed on Japanese business practices, including Japanese values, meeting etiquette and protocol and women in the business world. Lastly, implications for domestic and international managers within Japan are examined. Also included are numerous interviews with businesspeople who have or are working in Japan to contrast their perspectives with those of North Americans.
Table of Contents:
Basic Facts
A Brief History
Japanese Government
Religion
The Japanese Economy
Japanese Business Practices
- Values in Practice
- Meeting Etiquette and Protocol
- Women in the Business World
Management Implications
Appendices:
Appendix I
Interview Results
Appendix II
Japan?s Placement on
Indices in the Text
Appendix III
Top 15 Important Lessons Every Business Person Must Know Before
Doing Business WITH or IN Japan!
Appendix IV
How Culture Affects Management Approaches: Cultural Dimensions
Appendix V
A ?Must-Know? List of List of Japanese Culture and Customs
Addendum
Article Summary: Current Intercultural Issues and Challenges
From the Paper
"The Japanese have a deep-rooted culture and value system that helps to dictate their daily business dealings. Primary to these values is the concept of trust and of establishing long lasting relationships. The Japanese will go to great lengths to get to know their business counterparts in order to feel at ease with them. Thus, when Western managers first meet their Japanese counterparts, they should be ready to participate in discussions that cover topics such as personal hobbies and family life. Moreover, after creating a bond of trust between the two parties, it is expected that the relationship will last for some time as the Japanese value long lasting relationships that are of mutual benefit. This concept is based on the Japanese heritage of being an isolated nation where people stayed in one place for a long time and thus formed long lasting relationships."
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American Business Culture in Japan, 2008.
A look at the professional and work related customs and practices relevant to an American working in Japan.
1,556 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses workplace and organizational culture as it would be experienced by an American company operating in Japan. The paper also examines the unique experiences to which an American employee working in Japan would be exposed to vis-a-vis workplace culture and practices. The paper recommends the acquisition of some deeper cross-cultural communication skills that extend beyond the workplace.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Negotiation & Culture
Physical Space & Time in the Workplace
Conclusion
From the Paper
"For an American firm operating in Japan there are many considerations that must be made beyond the operational level. Perhaps the most important are at the organizational level where customs, culture, and host-national considerations must be made. This is because the subject of intercultural communication has become not just a politically correct topic in today's increasingly diverse societies, but a matter of necessity given the spread of the global economy and the degree of economic integration which finds companies now moving into foreign countries such as Japan where the Asian culture and work ethic becomes a vital consideration."
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Conducting Business in China, 2004.
This paper discusses cultural factors, etiquette, and political and economic issues important for foreign business people conducting business in China.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that China presents formidable difficulties for a foreign business people due to its vastly different culture, business ethics, and hybrid economic system, which still suffers from a hangover of the command economy of a socialist China. The author points out that, although Chinese people have a natural flair for free-market business, as is reflected in the disproportionate number of successful Chinese businesses in South East Asian countries, the extended period of controlled economy in China under Maoist Communism has dulled this spirit and severely affected the work ethics of the working people. The paper explains that, soon, private property ownership in China is certain to become constitutionally protected, which will be a landmark reform because all property has been owned by the government since the Communist revolution.
Table of Contents
Business Culture
Old habits die hard
"Guanxi" (relationship)
Bribe and Graft
Cultural Etiquette
Some Important Politico-Economic Issues
From the Paper
"Giving gifts is not necessary but acceptable. Care should be taken not to make very large or expensive gifts as they may be considered as bribes. Clocks are inappropriate as gifts for symbolic reasons. Another feature of Chinese culture is that everything is not taken at its face value. For instance, the Chinese may decline a gift more than once (up to three times) before accepting it, as easy acceptance is considered to be a sign of greed; hence it is advisable to continue to insist upon giving the gift and express a lot of pleasure once the gift is accepted. Wrap gifts in red colored paper (red is considered a lucky color) or pink and yellow (happy, prosperous colors) and use both hands while offering or receiving a gift. Avoid wrapping in white as it is the color of the funeral."
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Conducting Business Internationally, 2004.
Identifies the financial risk of conducting business internationally.
678 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the financial risks that companies assume by conducting business internationally. Included in the discussion is a look at the importance of foreign exchange rate risk and how the risk can be mitigated.
From the Paper
"At one time, international business was the exclusive realm of large companies that could afford the resources necessary to support an international infrastructure. Today, advances in technology and telecommunications have made it possible for even small companies to have customers and vendors around the world. However, this globalization has increased the foreign exchange risk that companies must take on when they participate in the international economy. This research considers the financial risk of conducting business on an international basis with a particular..."
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Business in Japan, 1991.
This paper examines the application of economic principles in the conduct of business in Japan: Demand, supply, market structure and government regulation.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"This research examines the application of economic principles in the conduct of business in Japan. The findings of this examination are presented in discussions of demand, supply, market structure, and government regulation of business.
Demand
Demand may be considered in several contexts. In this examination, demand is addressed primarily with respect to consumption. From 1969 through 1979, the average rate of growth attained by the Japanese economy was five-percent.. Since the end of 1979, however, the Japanese economy has not attained a five-percent rate of growth for any full calendar year. For each year since 1979, however, the Japanese economy has recorded ... "
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Business in Japan, 2006.
An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of doing business in Japan.
1,727 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In today's hyper-competitive, globalized world, doing business in Japan is a logical step for many organizations. This paper examines how there are significant opportunities that lie in the land of the rising sun and how with these opportunities come distinctive challenges. It attempts to show that by understanding the unique business culture of Japan, as well as the historic culture of their people, organizations can be better prepared and more likely to succeed in a very competitive marketplace.
Outline
Introduction
Overview of Japanese Economy
Advantages to Doing Business in Japan
Disadvantages of Doing Business in Japan
Mistakes Often Made When Doing Business in Japan
Relationships in Japanese Business
Etiquette in Japanese Business
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Japanese market is well established, as opposed to the rapidly emerging markets of other Asian countries, such as China and India. Japan has a lengthy history of technology and product development and acquisition and is enjoying slow to moderate growth, with the end of a 12-year recession. Despite this recession, the Japanese economy is still larger, in real terms, than China. Add to this the benefit of a modern and comparatively legal system, financial markets, governance systems, patent laws, and a business code that is both highly ethical as well as predictable. China does not offer these benefits, in their economy. There is still much work to be done to China's legal and financial systems to be of similar value as Japan."
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temporarily unavailable
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Doing Business in Japan, 2005.
A discussion on the considerations that should be taken into account before doing business in Japan.
821 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper acknowledges how, in today?s increasing era of globalization, more and more foreign companies and individuals are discovering the wonderful, profitable, and sometimes, challenging world of doing business in Japan. It attempts to show how, although many have been lured by the boom times of the recent past, leaner times require a thorough knowledge of the business and cultural environment.
From the Paper
"Although, relative to the economic growth of the nation (over the sum of the 1990?s) has vastly outstripped the infrastructure growth, it must be noted that the level of infrastructure is still more than adequate for virtually any business enterprise in the nation. Japan enjoys modern and efficient railways, highways, pipelines, sea ports, airports, communications, and electrical equipment that rival any in the developed world."
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International Business Study Of Japan, 2002.
Discusses the potential of doing business in Japan.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 14 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Discusses the potential of doing business in Japan. Reviews the Asian country's demographics, economic performance, international trade, industrial activity, foreign investment climate, marketing, and resouces. Issue of high level of problem loans of the Japanese banking system. Foreign investment climate. Japanese market as consumer driven. Macroeconomic measures for Japan. Two tables.
From the Paper
"JAPAN: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDY
Introduction
This international business study of Japan reviews demographics, economic performance, international trade, industrial activity, foreign investment climate, marketing, and resource issues. The objective of the study is to provide international companies with a sense of the potential of doing business in Japan.
Demographics
Japan is an Asian island nation whose 127 million inhabitants (as of July 2001) occupy four major islands and a number of smaller islands (CIA, 2001). As a political entity, the country dates back to about 500 B.C. (Hunter, 2001).
The Japanese population is remarkably homogeneous in an ethnic context ..."
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Doing Business in Japan, 2005.
This paper discusses the recommendation that businesses wishing to do business in Japan should find a Japanese partner for a joint venture.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Japanese companies keep their subsidiaries very tightly controlled by the parent company than most other multi-national firms; even when decision-making is delegated to other managers, the Japanese practice of consensus results in consultation with the head office in Tokyo. The author points out that, having learned some tough lessons from the financial problems of the last several years, there is now a "liberalization" of the traditional Japanese ultra-conservative and xenophobic economic policies, which makes it easier for foreign companies to invest in joint ventures. The paper relates that Japanese companies are making an effort to go global, which means they are not merely sending expatriate Japanese managers, as in recent years, but are opening up more to the cultures and practices of other countries.
From the Paper
"There are now several valuable books on the subject of doing business in Japan. It would be wise for our top executives to become familiar with many of the "do's and don'ts" for Japanese communication. However, at the same time, Japanese firms are now under constraints from the international business community, including the U.S. "We feel it is perfectly legitimate to insist that Japanese companies doing business globally adhere to fair practices, both at home and abroad." In other words, for our company to penetrate Japanese markets, we need to be aware of several factors tilting in favor of local companies visa vie outsiders. This is one more reason for initiating a joint venture with a well-situated Japanese firm. It would save our company valuable time and money. Instead of starting from scratch as a "foreigner" and "outsider" we would have an entree with a "local" (i.e. Japanese) firm."
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Business with Japan, 2002.
A study of the cultural differences evident when doing business with Japan.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 15 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper states the cultural preferences of Japanese businesses and explains how the American business person can overcome the cultural barriers and penetrate the Japanese market to claim a portion of success.
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Doing Business in Brazil and Japan, 2002.
A how-to paper for women, comparing Japan and Brazil's business ettiquette
831 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines ways in which a woman can successfully navigate her way around the business worlds of both Japan and Brazil. It compares business traditions from each country, especially with regard with what is acceptable for women. The paper covers issues such as appropriate business ettiquette, greeting gestures, hierarchy and status. The paper also shows general similarities between both countries.
From the Paper
"Greetings are conducted differently in Japan and Brazil. First names should be avoided when greeting Japanese business contacts. Instead, use the suffix ?-san? to the family name or use the title ?misuataa?, Mr., or ?miseusu?, Mrs., and the family name. All introductions are made in order of seniority. One should nod or bow to the same that your counterpart has. Men should bow with their plans flat against their thighs while women should bow with the palm of their hand placed over the back of their left hand and should lower their eyes. Unlike Japanese, Brazilians like to be on a first name basis. However, even here, one should not use first names until invited to do so. Use professional titles to address business contacts of, if there is no title, use the term ?Senhor?, Mister, or ?Senhora?, Mrs. followed by the appropriate first or last name as indicated to you by the individual."
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Intercultural Business Communications in Japan, 2003.
Discusses how an American executive can make a good first impression on a Japanese executive upon their first business meeting.
8,218 words (approx. 32.9 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
The first few minutes of a business meeting can be very crucial to a company. When dealing with the Japanese culture, or any other culture for that matter, one may come across things that are very different from what one is used to in America. It is no surprise that different cultures have different values and beliefs. These values tend to come into conflict when communicating with cultures that business people are unfamiliar with. This conflict, which occurs during the communication process, can cost companies thousands of dollars in profits if it is not handled properly. This problem needs to be addressed so that employers and executives have a better idea of how to handle the situation when it occurs. This report demonstrates the issues which need to be addressed to prepare an American for a business meeting in Japan and how the American can make a good first impression. The paper gives recommendations to management and other people who may want to implement a strategy for improving their employees? or their own communication skills.
From the Paper
"To understand the business culture of the Japanese, we must understand their day-to-day culture and etiquette. The Japanese are very group-oriented and homogeneous. Japanese will think of the group first rather than themselves. No one is completely independent in Japan; they must always be conscientious about others (Condon 9). Americans are more individualized and focus on themselves before the group. The Japanese prefer to have unanimous agreement rather than agreement by the most votes. They believe in negotiating until agreement emerges and if unanimity does not materialize it is better to defer making the decision."
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Cultural Aspects of Doing Business in Japan, 2000.
5,290 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 22 sources, $ 131.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the cultural aspects of doing business in Japan. The paper looks at the Japanese economy and why Japan is important, then discusses the Japanese business cultural framework and how it differs to the US society and values. The paper looks at aspects of Japanese society such as homogeneity and etiquettes, collectivism and interdependence in order to show their implications on the business world and work out how to bridge the gaps.
From the Paper
"Understanding Japanese business practices and the Japanese market has become a necessity for the American executive. Knowing how Japanese business people think and what factors influence decision-making is essential for conducting business with Japanese firms. The business person working to gain a foothold in Japan faces two major problems with regard to Japanese business customs: how to go about making an initial approach to a Japanese company and how to maintain and develop a business relationship once it has been established. In essence, business success in Japan hinges on the businessperson?s comprehension and appreciation of Japanese customs and values. Although business people from different cultures are becoming increasingly knowledgeable of and familiar with each other's customs and business practices, the application of such knowledge is often superficial. In many cases, the very familiarity of a custom or mannerism merely serves to mask the underlying deep-seated differences."
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Business Customs Between Japan and the U.S., 2006.
An examination of the differences in Japanese and U.S. business customs.
1,951 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the striking differences between Japanese and U.S. business customs which emanate from their different cultures. The author looks at the main concepts that differ between the two nations such as the Japanese emphasis on trust which they believe must be a major component of all long-term relationships. The author gives the example of how contracts do not have as much meaning as with U.S. business relationships. The author discusses in detail the main concepts that the Japanese work under, trust and harmony, unity and intuitive decision making. In conclusion the author points out that although the customs of Japanese business relationships are becoming more widely known and understood, he still recommends that a third party intermediary is taken to help in transactions. This, he states is quite common practice and a preferred practice of the Japanese so that many of the common errors of business protocol can be avoided.
Table of Contents:
Key Concepts
Group Harmony or Wa
Long-Term Relationships, or Nagai Tsukiai
Public Face;Tatemae and True Feelings; Honne
Communication Without Words; Hara-gei and Trust; Shinyo
Conclusions
From the Paper
"This aspect of the Japanese value system has important implications for business negotiations with Japanese clients or partners and is an area where particularly Americans with their somewhat "helter-skelter," lifestyles tend to look upon as superfluous. Therefore, this striking difference of culture-clash is by way of contrast and comparison quite an important factor for the American businessperson to study very carefully if one wishes to conduct business on any level in Japan. Executives of the Japanese organization will want to spend a great deal of time in getting to know prospective foreign associates and it explains why there is so much emphasis on the getting acquainted phase of the first meeting and why informal socializing is such a crucial component of establishing a business alliance in Japan."
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